Francisella salimarina infection in farmed cobia (Rachycentron canadum) and dusky grouper (Epinephelus marginatus) in Brazil: A case report.

This study aimed to identify and characterize isolates of Francisella salimarina associated with an outbreak on a marine fish farm in Brazil and to analyse their genetic variability and antimicrobial susceptibility. In 2021, diseased cobias (Rachycentron canadum, n = 10) and dusky groupers (Epinephelus marginatus, n = 10) were sampled and subjected to bacteriological and pathological examinations. The isolates obtained were morphologically and biochemically characterized and identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-ToF) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The genetic diversity of these isolates was analysed using repetitive extragenic palindromic-polymerase chain reaction (REP-PCR). Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed using the disk diffusion technique. Macroscopically, the fish presented skin ulcerations, ocular lesions, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. A pleomorphic, gram-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive bacterium was isolated from seven cobias and two groupers. The 16S rRNA gene sequences showed >99% coverage and identity with other deposited sequences of F. salimarina. The results of the biochemical analysis corresponded to these bacterial species. Histologically, granulomas were observed in the spleen, liver and heart of the cobias (n = 6), and necrotizing and fibrinous dermatitis and myositis were identified in some groupers (n = 2). The isolates exhibited the same banding pattern when REP-PCR was performed, indicating that they were clonally related. Finally, the antibiogram test, no inhibition halo was observed for amoxicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. To our knowledge, this is the first report of F. salimarina infection in cobias and dusky groupers.

Protective effects of mesenchymal stromal cell-derived secretome on dermonecrosis induced in rabbits by Loxosceles intermedia spider venom.

Background: Loxoscelism refers to a set of clinical manifestations caused by the bite of spiders from the Loxosceles genus. The classic clinical symptoms are characterized by an intense inflammatory reaction at the bite site followed by local necrosis and can be classified as cutaneous loxoscelism. This cutaneous form presents difficult healing, and the proposed treatments are not specific or effective. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of mesenchymal stromal cells-derived secretome on dermonecrosis induced by Loxosceles intermedia spider venom in rabbits. Methods: Sixteen rabbits were distributed into four groups (n = 4). Except for group 1 (G1), which received only PBS, the other three groups (G2, G3, and G4) were initially challenged with 10 µg of L. intermedia venom, diluted in 100 µL of NaCl 0.9%, by intradermic injection in the interscapular region. Thirty minutes after the challenge all groups were treated with secretome, except for group 2. Group 1 (G1-control group) received intradermal injection (ID) of 60 µg of secretome in 0.15 M PBS; Group 2 (G2) received 0.9% NaCl via ID; Group 3 (G3) received 60 µg of secretome, via ID and Group 4 (G4), received 60 µg of secretome by intravenous route. Rabbits were evaluated daily and after 15 days were euthanized, necropsied and skin samples around the necrotic lesions were collected for histological analysis. Results: Rabbits of G1 did not present edema, erythema, hemorrhagic halo, or necrosis. In animals from G2, G3, and G4, edema appeared after 6h. However, minor edema was observed in the animals of G2 and G3. Hemorrhagic halo was observed in animals, six hours and three days after, on G2, G3, and G4. Macroscopically, in G4, only one animal out of four had a lesion that evolved into a dermonecrotic wound. No changes were observed in the skin of the animals of G1, by microscopic evaluation. All animals challenged with L. intermedia venom showed similar alterations, such as necrosis and heterophilic infiltration. However, animals from G4 showed fibroblast activation, early development of connective tissue, neovascularization, and tissue re-epithelialization, indicating a more prominent healing process. Conclusion: These results suggest that secretome from mesenchymal stromal cells cultured in a xeno-free and human component-free culture media can be promising to treat dermonecrosis caused after Loxosceles spiders bite envenoming.

First report of infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus in Nile tilapia in Brazil.

In June 2020, an atypical fatal outbreak in a Brazilian Nile tilapia farm was investigated. Twenty-three animals were collected and different tissues were used for bacterial isolation, histopathological and electron microscopic examination and viral detection using molecular methods. A large number of megalocytes were observed in the histopathological analysis of several tissues. Icosahedral virions, with a diameter of approximately 160 nm, were visualized inside the megalocytes through transmission electron microscopy of the spleen tissue. The virions were confirmed to be infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) through PCR and sequencing analyses of the fish samples. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the virus belongs to the Clade 1 of ISKNV. This viral pathogen is associated with high mortality in the early stages of cultured Nile tilapia in the United States, Thailand and Ghana; however, until now, there have been no reports from ISKNV affecting cultured fish in Brazil. Additionally, in 14 out of 23 sampled fish, Streptococcus agalactiae, Edwardsiella tarda or Aeromonas hydrophila infections were also detected. This is the first report of fatal ISKNV infections in the Brazilian Nile tilapia fish farms and represents a new challenge to the aquaculture sector in the country.

West Nile virus associated with equid encephalitis in Brazil, 2018.

Mosquito-borne arboviruses are a major public health concern worldwide and are responsible for emerging and re-emerging diseases. Taken together, the arboviruses have a strong impact on public health and are the most common causes of equine encephalitis. In-depth diagnostic investigation of equine viral encephalitis is of utmost importance for the epidemiological surveillance and control of this disease. Regarding neurological disorders in equids, in April-May 2018, at least 12 cases of equid mortality with acute neurological signs were reported in six farms from Espirito Santo state, Brazil. To investigate the aetiological agent of this neurological disease outbreak, central nervous system (CNS) fragments from two horses and two donkeys were submitted for virologic diagnosis. Rabies, equine herpesvirus-1, and arbovirus-associated encephalomyelitis were investigated using differential diagnosis techniques. West Nile virus (WNV) was detected by nested RT-PCR in CNS fragments from each of the four animals in the study and confirmed by nucleotide sequencing. This is the first case of neurological disease in equids confirmed to be associated with WNV infection in Brazil. This finding unveils a new and urgent field of research and the need to understand the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the disease and the risk to public health.

Fowl Aviadenovirus E associated with hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome in broiler breeders / Síndrome da hepatite-hidropericárdio por Aviadenovirus e em reprodutores de corte

Fowl aviadenovirus (FAdV) is an important pathogen in the global poultry industry and the etiology of inclusion body hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) in chickens. Since the 1990s, several outbreaks of HHS have occurred in poultry producing areas, including South America. The coinfection of FAdV and chicken anemia virus (CAV) may markedly impact the incidence of HHS. This study describes an outbreak of HHS in coinfection with CAV in industrial broiler breeders and characterizes the FAdV isolate. The three-week-old male broiler breeders had pale bone marrow, enlarged and yellowish liver, splenomegaly, and atrophied thymus; one chicken was also found with hydropericardium. Virus isolation was performed in SPF chicken embryos of liver and thymus. Tissues of the naturally infected chickens and the inoculated embryos were evaluated by PCR and histopathology. All affected chickens and inoculated embryos were positive for FAdV and CAV. The inoculated embryos had enlarged, greenish and hemorrhagic livers, and 30% died within 7 days of inoculation. Phylogenetic analysis of the FAdV isolate hexon gene partial sequence enabled grouping with E species. The E species has recently become a relevant species in several countries. The association of FAdV with CAV in breeders is of further concern due to both being capable of vertical transmission. Within the last decade, a worldwide upsurge of HHS in broiler breeders owing to failed biosecurity has occurred. In this episode, the failure on biosecurity may have enabled challenge with both FAdV and CAV, with pathological synergism. The CAV-impaired adaptive immunity may have benefited the FAdV infection.

Adenovírus aviário (FAdV) é um importante patógeno na indústria avícola global e a etiologia da síndrome da hepatite por corpúsculo de inclusão-hidropericárdio (SHH) em galinhas. Desde a década de 1990, vários surtos de SHH foram descritos em todas as áreas de produção de aves, incluindo na América do Sul, e a coinfecção entre FAdV e vírus da anemia das galinhas (CAV) pode ser agravante para todos os aspectos da SHH. Objetiva-se descrever um surto de SHH em matrizes de frangos corte, caracterizar a estirpe de FAdV envolvida e destacar a coinfecção com CAV. Foram avaliados machos reprodutores de corte com três semanas de idade, com medula óssea pálida, fígado aumentado e amarelado e esplenomegalia, timo atrofiado e um com hidropericárdio. Fígado e timo foram coletados para isolamento do vírus em embriões de galinhas SPF, PCR e histopatologia. Todas as aves acometidas e embriões inoculados foram positivos para FAdV e CAV. Os embriões inoculados tiveram óbito de 30% em até sete dias após a inoculação e alterações hepáticas por fígados esverdeados e aumentados. A análise filogenética de FAdV com base em parte da sequência do gene que codifica a proteína hexon revelou identidade com a espécie E, que se tornou disseminada em vários países. A coinfecção de FAdV e CAV resulta em maior intensidade de lesões, maior morbidade e mortalidade e em reprodutores tem alta relevância epidemiológica, em razão da transmissão vertical de ambos e da ampla distribuição geográfica das progênies infectadas. Na última década, ocorreu um aumento mundial na ocorrência de SHH em frangos de corte relacionado a falhas em biosseguridade, especialmente em reprodutores, condição que pode ter ocorrido neste episódio. A presença de FAdV e CAV em reprodutores é motivo para preocupação por reflexos negativos à imunidade e viabilidade das progênies.

Fowl Aviadenovirus E associated with hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome in broiler breeders / Síndrome da hepatite-hidropericárdio por Aviadenovirus e em reprodutores de corte

ABSTRACT: Fowl aviadenovirus (FAdV) is an important pathogen in the global poultry industry and the etiology of inclusion body hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) in chickens. Since the 1990s, several outbreaks of HHS have occurred in poultry producing areas, including South America. The coinfection of FAdV and chicken anemia virus (CAV) may markedly impact the incidence of HHS. This study describes an outbreak of HHS in coinfection with CAV in industrial broiler breeders and characterizes the FAdV isolate. The three-week-old male broiler breeders had pale bone marrow, enlarged and yellowish liver, splenomegaly, and atrophied thymus; one chicken was also found with hydropericardium. Virus isolation was performed in SPF chicken embryos of liver and thymus. Tissues of the naturally infected chickens and the inoculated embryos were evaluated by PCR and histopathology. All affected chickens and inoculated embryos were positive for FAdV and CAV. The inoculated embryos had enlarged, greenish and hemorrhagic livers, and 30% died within 7 days of inoculation. Phylogenetic analysis of the FAdV isolate hexon gene partial sequence enabled grouping with E species. The E species has recently become a relevant species in several countries. The association of FAdV with CAV in breeders is of further concern due to both being capable of vertical transmission. Within the last decade, a worldwide upsurge of HHS in broiler breeders owing to failed biosecurity has occurred. In this episode, the failure on biosecurity may have enabled challenge with both FAdV and CAV, with pathological synergism. The CAV-impaired adaptive immunity may have benefited the FAdV infection.

RESUMO: Adenovírus aviário (FAdV) é um importante patógeno na indústria avícola global e a etiologia da síndrome da hepatite por corpúsculo de inclusão-hidropericárdio (SHH) em galinhas. Desde a década de 1990, vários surtos de SHH foram descritos em todas as áreas de produção de aves, incluindo na América do Sul, e a coinfecção entre FAdV e vírus da anemia das galinhas (CAV) pode ser agravante para todos os aspectos da SHH. Objetiva-se descrever um surto de SHH em matrizes de frangos corte, caracterizar a estirpe de FAdV envolvida e destacar a coinfecção com CAV. Foram avaliados machos reprodutores de corte com três semanas de idade, com medula óssea pálida, fígado aumentado e amarelado e esplenomegalia, timo atrofiado e um com hidropericárdio. Fígado e timo foram coletados para isolamento do vírus em embriões de galinhas SPF, PCR e histopatologia. Todas as aves acometidas e embriões inoculados foram positivos para FAdV e CAV. Os embriões inoculados tiveram óbito de 30% em até sete dias após a inoculação e alterações hepáticas por fígados esverdeados e aumentados. A análise filogenética de FAdV com base em parte da sequência do gene que codifica a proteína hexon revelou identidade com a espécie E, que se tornou disseminada em vários países. A coinfecção de FAdV e CAV resulta em maior intensidade de lesões, maior morbidade e mortalidade e em reprodutores tem alta relevância epidemiológica, em razão da transmissão vertical de ambos e da ampla distribuição geográfica das progênies infectadas. Na última década, ocorreu um aumento mundial na ocorrência de SHH em frangos de corte relacionado a falhas em biosseguridade, especialmente em reprodutores, condição que pode ter ocorrido neste episódio. A presença de FAdV e CAV em reprodutores é motivo para preocupação por reflexos negativos à imunidade e viabilidade das progênies.

Fecal microbiota transplantation via colonoscopy in a dog with Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile infection / Transplante de microbiota fecal via colonoscopia em um cão com infecção por Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile

In dogs, antimicrobial therapy for Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile infection (CDI) is based solely on metronidazole, leaving limited treatment options in case of recurrent disease. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been successfully used in humans with recurrent CDI, whereas the usefulness of this approach is largely unknown in dogs. In the present study, a dog with a chronic-recurring diarrhea was treated with FMT via colonoscopy. CDI was confirmed by A/B toxin detection and isolation of toxigenic C. difficile from ribotype 106, a strain also commonly associated with nosocomial infection in humans. The dog recovered well after the procedure and C. difficile was no longer isolated from its stool sample. The present research suggested that FMT could be a useful tool to treat recurrent CDI in dogs, corroborating the actual protocol in humans.(AU)

Em cães, a terapia antimicrobiana para infecções por Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile é baseada apenas no uso de metronidazol, limitando as opções de tratamento nos casos de recorrência. O transplante de microbiota fecal (FMT) tem sido utilizado com sucesso em seres humanos com infecções recorrentes por C. difficile, porém a utilidade desse método é ainda amplamente desconhecida em cães. O presente trabalho relata a utilização de FMT para o tratamento de um cão com diarreia crônica-recorrente por C. difficile. A infecção foi confirmada por detecção das toxinas A/B e isolamento de uma estirpe toxigênica do ribotipo 106, linhagem comumente associada a infecção em seres humanos. Após o transplante via colonoscopia, o animal se recuperou do quadro e C. difficile não mais foi encontrado em novas amostras fecais. O presente trabalho sugere que o FMT possa ser útil para o tratamento de quadros de C. difficile em cães, corroborando protocolo atual de tratamento em seres humanos.(AU)

Fecal microbiota transplantation via colonoscopy in a dog with Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile infection / Transplante de microbiota fecal via colonoscopia em um cão com infecção por Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile

ABSTRACT: In dogs, antimicrobial therapy for Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile infection (CDI) is based solely on metronidazole, leaving limited treatment options in case of recurrent disease. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been successfully used in humans with recurrent CDI, whereas the usefulness of this approach is largely unknown in dogs. In the present study, a dog with a chronic-recurring diarrhea was treated with FMT via colonoscopy. CDI was confirmed by A/B toxin detection and isolation of toxigenic C. difficile from ribotype 106, a strain also commonly associated with nosocomial infection in humans. The dog recovered well after the procedure and C. difficile was no longer isolated from its stool sample. The present research suggested that FMT could be a useful tool to treat recurrent CDI in dogs, corroborating the actual protocol in humans.

RESUMO: Em cães, a terapia antimicrobiana para infecções por Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile é baseada apenas no uso de metronidazol, limitando as opções de tratamento nos casos de recorrência. O transplante de microbiota fecal (FMT) tem sido utilizado com sucesso em seres humanos com infecções recorrentes por C. difficile, porém a utilidade desse método é ainda amplamente desconhecida em cães. O presente trabalho relata a utilização de FMT para o tratamento de um cão com diarreia crônica-recorrente por C. difficile. A infecção foi confirmada por detecção das toxinas A/B e isolamento de uma estirpe toxigênica do ribotipo 106, linhagem comumente associada a infecção em seres humanos. Após o transplante via colonoscopia, o animal se recuperou do quadro e C. difficile não mais foi encontrado em novas amostras fecais. O presente trabalho sugere que o FMT possa ser útil para o tratamento de quadros de C. difficile em cães, corroborando protocolo atual de tratamento em seres humanos.

Type III atresia coli with underdeveloped colon and hydroperitoneum in a newborn foal / Atresia coli tipo III com subdesenvolvimento de cólon e hidroperitôneo em neonato equino

A 48-hour-old mixed breed pony colt was referred to the hospital because of abdominal discomfort, weak suckling reflex and prostration. During clinical investigation, supportive and symptomatic treatments were necessary, and an abdominal radiography was performed revealing a large intestine filled with feces and large amounts of gas, in addition to free fluid in the cavity. After 3 days of treatment, the foal had not yet defecated, thus exploratory abdominal surgery was indicated, but the owners declined. Therefore, the foal was humanly euthanized. Post-mortem examination revealed complete absence of the pelvic flexure. Subsequent portions of the dorsal, transverse and small colons were intensely reduced. In addition, at the abdominal cavity there was 850 ml of yellowish translucent liquid. These findings are compatible with hydroperitoneum and type III atresia coli at the pelvic flexure, associated with underdevelopment of the dorsal, transverse and small colons.(AU)

Um pônei mestiço de 48 horas de vida foi encaminhado ao hospital para avaliação por desconforto abdominal, diminuição do reflexo de sucção e prostração. Durante a investigação clínica, tratamentos de suporte e sintomáticos foram necessários, e radiografia abdominal foi realizada revelando cólon maior repleto de fezes e grandes quantidades de gás, além de fluido livre na cavidade. Após três dias de tratamento, o potro ainda não havia defecado, sendo a laparotomia exploratória indicada, mas os proprietários recusaram. Portanto, o potro foi humanamente eutanasiado. O exame post-mortem revelou ausência completa da flexura pélvica. Porções subseqüentes dos cólons dorsal, cólon transverso e cólon menor se apresentaram intensamente reduzidas. Além disso, na cavidade abdominal havia 850 ml de líquido translúcido amarelado. Esses achados são compatíveis com o hidroperitônio e a atresia coli tipo III na flexura pélvica, associados ao subdesenvolvimento dos cólons dorsal, transverso e menor.(AU)

Salmonella Typhimurium - associated meningoencephalomyelitis in a foal / Meningoencefalomielite por Salmonella Typhimurium em potro

A 10-day old foal presented with a history of acute recumbency and generalized weakness, that progressed to seizure episodes and death. Post mortem examination revealed necrotizing and purulent omphalophlebitis and fibrinopurulent meningoencephalomyelitis. Salmonella Typhimurium was isolated from the central nervous system and determined to be the cause of the meningoencephalomyelitis. Due to the lack of evidence of gastrointestinal disease, the umbilical cord was considered the most likely portal of entry of the bacteria. The isolated S. Typhimurium was resistant to ampicillin and cephalotin, and partially resistant to enrofloxacin. These drugs are commonly used in the treatment of salmonellosis. This is the first report of S. Typhimurium affecting the brain and spinal cord of a foal. Salmonellosis should be considered a differential diagnosis in foals with neurologic signs, even in the absence of enterocolitis.(AU)

Um potro de 10 dias de idade foi admitido com histórico de decúbito e fraqueza generalizada aguda, com progressão para episódios de convulsão e morte. A avaliação post mortem demonstrou onfalite necropurulenta e meningoencefalomielite fibrinopurulenta. Salmonella Typhimurium foi isolada do material purulento coletado do sistema nervoso central. A ausência de diarreia e lesões entéricas associadas à presença de onfalite sugerem que o umbigo foi possivelmente a porta de entrada do agente. O isolado de S. Typhimurium apresentou resistência a cefalotina e ampicilina e resistência intermediária a enrofloxacina, drogas utilizadas para o tratamento de salmonelose. Este é o primeiro relato de S. Typhimurium levando a alterações encefálicas e medulares em potro. A salmonelose deve ser considerada, portanto, como diagnóstico diferencial em potros neonatos com alterações neurológicas, mesmo na ausência de enterocolite.(AU)

Tracheal avulsion in a cat / Avulsão traqueal em um gato

ABSTRACT: Tracheal avulsion is a condition seen in small animals and occurs as a result of a traumatic incident to the cervical and/or thoracic regions. The aim of this study is to report a case of tracheal avulsion in a cat using imaging examinations for diagnostic investigation. In this report, we examined an eight-month-old male, cat of undefined breed, diagnosed with tracheal avulsion using complementary imaging tests. This diagnosis was confirmed with post-mortem examination. Radiographic examination of the patient's thorax and a tracheoscopy were performed. These examinations revealed complete discontinuity of the tracheal circumference, the presence of focal and circumscribed dilation of the tracheal lumen and stenosis. The patient quickly died without clinical and surgical intervention. Macroscopic analysis revealed a tracheal diverticulum confirming the findings of the imaging tests. The use of radiographic examinations in conjunction with tracheoscopy was effective at diagnosing this condition.

RESUMO: A avulsão traqueal é uma condição identificada em pequenos animais e ocorre como resultado de um incidente traumático na região cervical ou torácica. O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em relatar um caso de avulsão traqueal em um felino doméstico submetido a exames de imagem para investigação diagnóstica. Um felino, macho, sem raça definida, de oito meses de idade, foi diagnosticado com avulsão traqueal por meio de exames complementares de imagem e com confirmação diagnóstica por exames post mortem. O paciente foi submetido a exames radiográficos do tórax e traqueoscopia. Os achados dos exames de imagem revelaram completa descontinuidade da circunferência traqueal, presença de dilatação focal e circunscrita do lúmen traqueal e estenose. O paciente morreu e não houve tempo hábil para intervenção cirúrgica. Na análise macroscópica identificou-se um divertículo traqueal, confirmando assim, os achados dos exames de imagem. A utilização dos exames radiográficos em conjunto com a traqueoscopia foi efetiva no diagnóstico dessa condição.

Salmonella Typhimurium - associated meningoencephalomyelitis in a foal / Meningoencefalomielite por Salmonella Typhimurium em potro

ABSTRACT: A 10-day old foal presented with a history of acute recumbency and generalized weakness, that progressed to seizure episodes and death. Post mortem examination revealed necrotizing and purulent omphalophlebitis and fibrinopurulent meningoencephalomyelitis. Salmonella Typhimurium was isolated from the central nervous system and determined to be the cause of the meningoencephalomyelitis. Due to the lack of evidence of gastrointestinal disease, the umbilical cord was considered the most likely portal of entry of the bacteria. The isolated S. Typhimurium was resistant to ampicillin and cephalotin, and partially resistant to enrofloxacin. These drugs are commonly used in the treatment of salmonellosis. This is the first report of S. Typhimurium affecting the brain and spinal cord of a foal. Salmonellosis should be considered a differential diagnosis in foals with neurologic signs, even in the absence of enterocolitis.

RESUMO: Um potro de 10 dias de idade foi admitido com histórico de decúbito e fraqueza generalizada aguda, com progressão para episódios de convulsão e morte. A avaliação post mortem demonstrou onfalite necropurulenta e meningoencefalomielite fibrinopurulenta. Salmonella Typhimurium foi isolada do material purulento coletado do sistema nervoso central. A ausência de diarreia e lesões entéricas associadas à presença de onfalite sugerem que o umbigo foi possivelmente a porta de entrada do agente. O isolado de S. Typhimurium apresentou resistência a cefalotina e ampicilina e resistência intermediária a enrofloxacina, drogas utilizadas para o tratamento de salmonelose. Este é o primeiro relato de S. Typhimurium levando a alterações encefálicas e medulares em potro. A salmonelose deve ser considerada, portanto, como diagnóstico diferencial em potros neonatos com alterações neurológicas, mesmo na ausência de enterocolite.

Tracheal avulsion in a cat / Avulsão traqueal em um gato

Tracheal avulsion is a condition seen in small animals and occurs as a result of a traumatic incident to the cervical and/or thoracic regions. The aim of this study is to report a case of tracheal avulsion in a cat using imaging examinations for diagnostic investigation. In this report, we examined an eight-month-old male, cat of undefined breed, diagnosed with tracheal avulsion using complementary imaging tests. This diagnosis was confirmed with post-mortem examination. Radiographic examination of the patients thorax and a tracheoscopy were performed. These examinations revealed complete discontinuity of the tracheal circumference, the presence of focal and circumscribed dilation of the tracheal lumen and stenosis. The patient quickly died without clinical and surgical intervention. Macroscopic analysis revealed a tracheal diverticulum confirming the findings of the imaging tests. The use of radiographic examinations in conjunction with tracheoscopy was effective at diagnosing this condition.(AU)

A avulsão traqueal é uma condição identificada em pequenos animais e ocorre como resultado de um incidente traumático na região cervical ou torácica. O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em relatar um caso de avulsão traqueal em um felino doméstico submetido a exames de imagem para investigação diagnóstica. Um felino, macho, sem raça definida, de oito meses de idade, foi diagnosticado com avulsão traqueal por meio de exames complementares de imagem e com confirmação diagnóstica por exames post mortem. O paciente foi submetido a exames radiográficos do tórax e traqueoscopia. Os achados dos exames de imagem revelaram completa descontinuidade da circunferência traqueal, presença de dilatação focal e circunscrita do lúmen traqueal e estenose. O paciente morreu e não houve tempo hábil para intervenção cirúrgica. Na análise macroscópica identificou-se um divertículo traqueal, confirmando assim, os achados dos exames de imagem. A utilização dos exames radiográficos em conjunto com a traqueoscopia foi efetiva no diagnóstico dessa condição.(AU)

Squamous cell carcinoma in a pig / Carcinoma de células escamosas em suíno

Background: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a malignant neoplasm of epidermal cells that exhibits keratinocyte differentiation. These neoplasms are common in dogs, cats, horses, and cattle, relatively uncommon in sheep, and rarely affect goats and pigs. There are several factors that are associated with the development of SCC, including prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light, lack of pigment in the epidermis, and sparse coating or lack of fur at the affected sites. The aim of this study was to report the occurrence of squamous cell carcinoma in a domestic pig. Case: A surgically removed nodule from the left ear of a female, light-colored, three-year-old pig, which breed was not defined, was submitted for histopathological analysis. The sample was fixed in 10% formalin, analyzed macroscopically, routinely processed for histology, sectioned at five microns and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Additionally, anticytokeratin (AE1/AE3) and anti-vimentin immunohistochemical assays were performed. All additional information was provided by the animals owner. According to the history obtained, the animal belonged to a herd made up of five females and one boar. For four months, multiple nodules started to grow on the outer surface of the pigs ear and in many occasions exhibited ulceration and bleeding. One of the nodules was submitted for histopathology examination.[...](AU)

Squamous cell carcinoma in a pig / Carcinoma de células escamosas em suíno

Background: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a malignant neoplasm of epidermal cells that exhibits keratinocyte differentiation. These neoplasms are common in dogs, cats, horses, and cattle, relatively uncommon in sheep, and rarely affect goats and pigs. There are several factors that are associated with the development of SCC, including prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light, lack of pigment in the epidermis, and sparse coating or lack of fur at the affected sites. The aim of this study was to report the occurrence of squamous cell carcinoma in a domestic pig. Case: A surgically removed nodule from the left ear of a female, light-colored, three-year-old pig, which breed was not defined, was submitted for histopathological analysis. The sample was fixed in 10% formalin, analyzed macroscopically, routinely processed for histology, sectioned at five microns and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Additionally, anticytokeratin (AE1/AE3) and anti-vimentin immunohistochemical assays were performed. All additional information was provided by the animals owner. According to the history obtained, the animal belonged to a herd made up of five females and one boar. For four months, multiple nodules started to grow on the outer surface of the pigs ear and in many occasions exhibited ulceration and bleeding. One of the nodules was submitted for histopathology examination.[...]