RESUMO
(1) Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive joint degenerative disease that currently has no cure. Limitations in the development of innovative disease modifying therapies are related to the complexity of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms. In addition, there is the unmet need for efficient drug delivery methods. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been proposed as an efficient modality for the delivery of bioactive molecules within OA joints, limiting the side effects associated with systemic delivery. We previously demonstrated MNP's role in increasing cell proliferation and chondrogenesis. In the design of intra-articular therapies for OA, the combined NE-MNP delivery system could provide increased stability and biological effect. (2) Proprietary Fe3O4 MNPs formulated as oil-in-water (O/W) magneto nanoemulsions (MNEs) containing ascorbic acid and dexamethasone were tested for size, stability, magnetic properties, and in vitro biocompatibility with human primary adipose mesenchymal cells (ADSC), cell mobility, and chondrogenesis. In vivo biocompatibility was tested after systemic administration in mice. (3) We report high MNE colloidal stability, magnetic properties, and excellent in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility. By increasing ADSC migration potential and chondrogenesis, MNE carrying dexamethasone and ascorbic acid could reduce OA symptoms while protecting the cartilage layer.
Assuntos
Cartilagem Articular , Osteoartrite , Humanos , Camundongos , Animais , Ácido Ascórbico/farmacologia , Ácido Ascórbico/uso terapêutico , Cartilagem , Osteoartrite/patologia , Dexametasona/farmacologia , Dexametasona/uso terapêutico , Fenômenos Magnéticos , Condrogênese , Cartilagem Articular/patologiaRESUMO
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are a family of carrier molecules used to improve the pharmacokinetic parameters of therapeutic molecules. These cyclic oligosaccharides have medical and pharmaceutical applications by being able to form inclusion complexes with molecules that are poorly soluble in water. The benefits of these complexes are directed towards improving the chemical and biological properties-i.e., solubility, bioavailability, stability, non-toxicity and shelf life of drug molecules. Since the 1960s, the first inclusion complexes used in therapeutics were those with α-, ß- and γ-CD, which proved their usefulness, but had certain degrees of particularly renal toxicity. Currently, to correct these deficiencies, ß-CD derivatives are most frequently used, such as sulfobutylether-ß-CD, hydroxypropyl-ß-CD, etc. Therefore, it is of interest to bring to the attention of those interested the diversity of current and potential future clinical applications of inclusion complexes in veterinary medicine and to present the contribution of these inclusion complexes in improving drug efficacy. The most important biological activities of ß-CD complexed molecules in the veterinary field are summarized in this short review.
Assuntos
Ciclodextrinas , Ciclodextrinas/farmacologia , Ciclodextrinas/química , Excipientes , Solubilidade , Disponibilidade Biológica , Água , 2-Hidroxipropil-beta-Ciclodextrina/químicaRESUMO
The ability of medical centers in Eastern and South-Eastern Europe to diagnose and treat fungal infections remains unknown. In order to investigate that, here we conducted a cross-sectional online survey, released at both The International Society for Human & Animal Mycology (ISHAM) and European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM) websites. A total of 31 institutions responded to the questionnaire. Most centers (87.1%, n = 27) had access to Aspergillus spp. ELISA galactomannan testing as well as to Cryptococcus spp. antigen testing (83.9%, n = 26). Serological tests were mostly available for Aspergillus species (80.6%, n = 25); and most institutions reported access to mold-active antifungal drugs (83.9%; n = 26), but 5-flucytosine was available to only 29% (n = 9) of the participant centers. In conclusion, this study represents the first attempt to document the strengths and limitations of the Eastern and South-Eastern European region for diagnosing and treating fungal diseases. LAY SUMMARY: Our article is about the availability of diagnostic and treatments tools related to fungal infections in the countries of Eastern and South-Eastern region. Surveys like these are important to understand the gaps and point towards the fungal infections as a global health issue.
Assuntos
Micologia , Micoses , Animais , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Estudos Transversais , Europa (Continente) , Europa Oriental , Humanos , Micoses/diagnóstico , Micoses/tratamento farmacológico , Micoses/microbiologia , Micoses/veterináriaRESUMO
Non-thermal plasma activated water (PAW) has recently emerged as a powerful antimicrobial agent. Despite numerous potential bio-medical applications, studies concerning toxicity in live animals, especially after long-term exposure, are scarce. Our study aimed to assess the effects of long-term watering with PAW on the health of CD1 mice. PAW was prepared from distilled water with a GlidArc reactor according to a previously published protocol. The pH was 2.78. The mice received PAW (experimental group) or tap water (control group) daily for 90 days as the sole water source. After 90 days, the following investigations were performed on the euthanatized animals: gross necropsy, teeth mineral composition, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, hematology, blood biochemistry, methemoglobin level and cytokine profile. Mice tolerated PAW very well and no adverse effects were observed during the entire period of the experiment. Histopathological examination of the organs and tissues did not reveal any structural changes. Moreover, the expression of proliferation markers PCNA and Ki67 has not been identified in the epithelium of the upper digestive tract, indicating the absence of any pre- or neoplastic transformations. The results of our study demonstrated that long-term exposure to PAW caused no toxic effects and could be used as oral antiseptic solution in dental medicine.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/toxicidade , Gases em Plasma/toxicidade , Administração Oral , Animais , Anti-Infecciosos/administração & dosagem , Anti-Infecciosos Locais/administração & dosagem , Anti-Infecciosos Locais/toxicidade , Biomarcadores/sangue , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Assistência Odontológica/métodos , Humanos , Antígeno Ki-67/metabolismo , Camundongos , Microscopia de Força Atômica , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Gases em Plasma/administração & dosagem , Antígeno Nuclear de Célula em Proliferação/metabolismo , Fatores de Tempo , Dente/química , Dente/efeitos dos fármacos , Dente/ultraestrutura , Água/administração & dosagemRESUMO
The aim of the study was to establish the complete microbiological profile of boar semen (Sus scrofa domesticus) and to choose the most effective antiseptic measures in order to control and optimize AI reproduction in pig farms. One hundred and one semen samples were collected and analyzed from several pig farms. The microbiological profile of ejaculates was determined by evaluating the degree of contamination of fresh semen and after dilution with specific extenders. The bacterial and fungal load of fresh boar semen recorded an average value of 82.41/0.149 × 103 CFU/mL, while after diluting the ejaculates the contamination value was 0.354/0.140 × 103 CFU/mL. Twenty-four germs (15 bacterial and 9 fungal species) were isolated, the most common being Candida parapsilosis/sake (92%) and Escherichia coli (81.2%). Modification of the sperm collection protocol (HPBC) reduced contamination in raw sperm by 49.85% in bacteria (significant (p < 0.00001) and by 9.67% in fungi (non-significant (p < 0.111491). The load in bacteria and filamentous fungi can be controllable, but not in levuras fungi. Some fluconazole-added extenders (12.5 mg%), ensure fungal aseptization, and even an increase in sperm progressivity (8.39%) for at least a 12 h shelf life after dilution. Validation of sperm aseptization was done by maintaining sow fecundity unchanged after AI (insignificant p > 0.05).
Assuntos
Inseminação Artificial/métodos , Sêmen/microbiologia , Esterilização/métodos , Criação de Animais Domésticos/métodos , Animais , Secreções Corporais , Líquidos Corporais , Inseminação Artificial/veterinária , Masculino , Reprodução/fisiologia , Sêmen/metabolismo , Manejo de Espécimes/métodos , Motilidade dos Espermatozoides/fisiologia , Espermatozoides/microbiologia , Espermatozoides/fisiologia , Suínos/metabolismoRESUMO
Invasive Scedosporium spp. and Lomentospora prolificans infections are an emerging threat in immunocompromised and occasionally in healthy hosts. Scedosporium spp. is intrinsically resistant to most, L. prolificans to all the antifungal drugs currently approved, raising concerns about appropriate treatment decisions. High mortality rates of up to 90% underline the need for comprehensive diagnostic workup and even more for new, effective antifungal drugs to improve patient outcome. For a comprehensive analysis, we identified cases of severe Scedosporium spp. and L. prolificans infections from the literature diagnosed in 2000 or later and the FungiScope® registry. For 208 Scedosporium spp. infections solid organ transplantation (n = 58, 27.9%) and for 56 L. prolificans infection underlying malignancy (n = 28, 50.0%) were the most prevalent risk factors. L. prolificans infections frequently presented as fungemia (n = 26, 46.4% versus n = 12, 5.8% for Scedosporium spp.). Malignancy, fungemia, CNS and lung involvement predicted worse outcome for scedosporiosis and lomentosporiosis. Patients treated with voriconazole had a better overall outcome in both groups compared to treatment with amphotericin B formulations. This review discusses the epidemiology, prognostic factors, pathogen susceptibility to approved and investigational antifungals, and treatment strategies of severe infections caused by Scedosporium spp. and L. prolificans.
Assuntos
Infecções Fúngicas Invasivas/diagnóstico , Infecções Fúngicas Invasivas/patologia , Scedosporium/isolamento & purificação , Adulto , Idoso , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Humanos , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Infecções Fúngicas Invasivas/microbiologia , Infecções Fúngicas Invasivas/mortalidade , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias/complicações , Transplante de Órgãos/efeitos adversos , Prognóstico , Fatores de Risco , Análise de Sobrevida , Resultado do Tratamento , Voriconazol/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Recent outbreaks of Candida auris further exemplify that invasive Candida infections are a substantial threat to patients and healthcare systems. Even short treatment delays are associated with higher mortality rates. Epidemiological shifts towards more resistant Candida spp. require careful surveillance. OBJECTIVES: Triggered by the emergence of C auris and by increasing antifungal resistance rates the European Confederation of Medical Mycology developed an international Candida Registry (FungiScope™ CandiReg) to allow contemporary multinational surveillance. METHODS: CandiReg serves as platform for international cooperation to enhance research regarding invasive Candida infections. CandiReg uses the General Data Protection Regulation compliant data platform ClinicalSurveys.net that holds the electronic case report forms (eCRF). Data entry is supported via an interactive macro created by the software that can be accessed via any Internet browser. RESULTS: CandiReg provides an eCRF for invasive Candida infections that can be used for a variety of studies from cohort studies on attributable mortality to evaluations of guideline adherence, offering to the investigators of the 28 ECMM member countries the opportunity to document their cases of invasive Candida infection. CandiReg allows the monitoring of epidemiology of invasive Candida infections, including monitoring of multinational outbreaks. Here, we describe the structure and management of the CandiReg platform. CONCLUSION: CandiReg supports the collection of clinical information and isolates to improve the knowledge on epidemiology and eventually to improve management of invasive Candida infections. CandiReg promotes international collaboration, improving the availability and quality of evidence on invasive Candida infection and contributes to improved patient management.
Assuntos
Candidíase Invasiva/epidemiologia , Candidíase Invasiva/microbiologia , Bases de Dados Factuais , Surtos de Doenças , Sistema de Registros , Candidíase Invasiva/patologia , Monitoramento Epidemiológico , Feminino , Saúde Global , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
The study presents the echinocandin susceptibility profile of a multi-centre collection of pathogenic yeast isolates from Romanian tertiary hospitals. The 562 isolates were identified using ID32C strips, MALDI-TOF MS and DNA sequencing. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of caspofungin (CAS), micafungin (MCA), and anidulafungin (ANI) were assessed and interpreted according to EUCAST guidelines. Minimal fungicidal concentrations (MFC) were determined by plating content from the clear MIC wells. The activity was considered fungicidal at MFC/MIC ≤ 4. The three echinocandins had strongly correlated MICs and high percentages of MIC essential agreement. Most often, MCA had the lowest MICs, followed by CAS and ANI. Against C. parapsilosis and C. kefyr, CAS had the lowest MIC values. The MIC50 values were between 0.03 and 0.25 mg/l, except C. parapsilosis. The MIC90 values were usually one dilution higher. MFCs and MICs were weakly correlated. ANI and MCA had the lowest MFC values. The MFC50 values were between 0.06 and 0.5 mg/l, except C. parapsilosis, C. guilliermondii, and C. dubliniensis. The MFC90 values were usually two dilutions higher. Based on EUCAST breakpoints, 47 isolates (8.4%) were resistant to at least one echinocandin, most often ANI. Most resistant isolates were of C. albicans, C. glabrata, and C. krusei. There were 17 isolates (3%) resistant to echinocandins and fluconazole and most belonged to the same three species. MCA and ANI had the highest rates of fungicidal activity. The high rates of echinocandin resistance and significant multidrug resistance make prophylaxis and empiric therapy difficult.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Candida/efeitos dos fármacos , Equinocandinas/farmacologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Candida/classificação , Candida/isolamento & purificação , Farmacorresistência Fúngica/efeitos dos fármacos , Equinocandinas/classificação , Fluconazol/farmacologia , Hospitais , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , RomêniaRESUMO
A small library of 1-aminoalkyl 2-naphthols has been synthesized through the direct Mannich reaction of 2-naphthols with (hetero)aromatic aldehydes and secondary amines. All of the Mannich bases having a thiophen-2-yl ring in their structure had good activity against Gram-positive bacteria, irrespective of the nature of the amino moiety.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Bases de Mannich/química , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Aldeídos/química , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Naftóis/química , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequenas/química , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequenas/farmacologiaRESUMO
This is the first Romanian investigation of oral candidosis in patients suffering of HIV-infection or type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Candida albicans was the dominant species in both types of isolates: n = 14 (46.7%) in T1DM, n = 60 (69.8%) in HIV. The most frequent non-albicans Candida spp. were Candida kefyr (n = 6; 20%) in T1DM and Candida dubliniensis (n = 8; 9.3%) in HIV. Resistance to fluconazole was detected only in the HIV non-albicans Candida group (n = 8; 9.3%). All isolates were susceptible to VOR. The experimental drug MXP had MIC values equal or close to the ones of VOR. Echinocandin resistance was more frequent than azole resistance.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Candida/efeitos dos fármacos , Candidíase Bucal/microbiologia , Complicações do Diabetes/microbiologia , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Candida/classificação , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 , Farmacorresistência Fúngica , Fluconazol/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Romênia/epidemiologia , Triazóis/farmacologiaRESUMO
The toxicity of viologens can be significantly reduced by including them in tight [2]rotaxane structures alongside ß-cyclodextrin, thus turning them into candidates of pharmaceutical interest. Here, we report a synthesis pathway for a benign viologen, by capping a small ß-cyclodextrin-caged molecule, the 4,4'-bipyridine, with minimal-length presynthesized axle-stopper segments of the propyl-3-pentamethyldisiloxane type. After 90 min from the oral administration to laboratory mice, the product concentration in the bloodstream reaches a value equivalent to 0.634% of the initial dose of 800 mg·kg(-1). As compared to the nude viologen having the same structure, which proved to be lethal in doses of 40 mg·kg(-1), the product induces reversible morphological changes in the liver, kidney, lung, and cerebellum, up to a dose of 400 mg·kg(-1), with higher dosages giving rise to a chronic slow evolution.
Assuntos
Piridinas/toxicidade , Siloxanas/toxicidade , beta-Ciclodextrinas/química , Administração Oral , Animais , Cerebelo/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Espectroscopia de Prótons por Ressonância Magnética , Piridinas/química , Siloxanas/síntese química , Siloxanas/químicaRESUMO
Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was used for an extensive identification study of arthroconidial yeasts, using 85 reference strains from the CBS-KNAW yeast collection and 134 clinical isolates collected from medical centers in Qatar, Greece, and Romania. The test set included 72 strains of ascomycetous yeasts (Galactomyces, Geotrichum, Saprochaete, and Magnusiomyces spp.) and 147 strains of basidiomycetous yeasts (Trichosporon and Guehomyces spp.). With minimal preparation time, MALDI-TOF MS proved to be an excellent diagnostic tool that provided reliable identification of most (98%) of the tested strains to the species level, with good discriminatory power. The majority of strains were correctly identified at the species level with good scores (>2.0) and seven of the tested strains with log score values between 1.7 and 2.0. The MALDI-TOF MS results obtained were consistent with validated internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and/or large subunit (LSU) ribosomal DNA sequencing results. Expanding the mass spectrum database by increasing the number of reference strains for closely related species, including those of nonclinical origin, should enhance the usefulness of MALDI-TOF MS-based diagnostic analysis of these arthroconidial fungi in medical and other laboratories.
Assuntos
Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico/métodos , Micologia/métodos , Micoses/diagnóstico , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização e Dessorção a Laser Assistida por Matriz/métodos , Leveduras/classificação , Leveduras/isolamento & purificação , Grécia , Humanos , Micoses/microbiologia , Catar , Romênia , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Manejo de Espécimes/métodos , Fatores de Tempo , Leveduras/químicaRESUMO
A series of (1-substituted aryl)-3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-1-propanones was synthesized through the N-alkylation of imidazole with 3-dimethylamino-1-(substituted aryl)-1-propanone hydrochlorides (ketonic Mannich bases). A second series of N(1) -substituted imidazoles was obtained by the reduction of the carbonyl function of the imidazole-ketones in the previous series by means of NaBH(4) . All of the compounds were evaluated for antifungal activity against 16 strains of Candida, and 3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-1-(4-biphenylyl)-1-propanone emerged as a broad-spectrum antifungal agent. Several 3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-1-(2'-(substituted benzyl)oxyphenyl)-1-propanones were also active towards Candida kefyr.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/síntese química , Compostos de Bifenilo/síntese química , Candida/efeitos dos fármacos , Imidazóis/síntese química , Antifúngicos/química , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Compostos de Bifenilo/química , Compostos de Bifenilo/farmacologia , Candida/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Desenho de Fármacos , Imidazóis/química , Imidazóis/farmacologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Estrutura Molecular , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
New series of N-(arylidene)hydrazinoacetyl sulfonamides 4a1-6, 4b1-6 and N-(4-aryl-3-chloro-2-oxoazetidin-1-yl)aminoacetyl sulfonamides 5a1-6, 5b1-6 were synthesized. The structures of the new derivatives was confirmed using spectral methods (FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR). The antibacterial activities of these compounds against Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6583, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 25912) and Gram negative (Klebsiella pneumoniae CIP 53153, Proteus vulgaris CIP 104989, Citrobacter freundii CIP 5732, Enterobacter cloacae CIP 103475, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa CIP 82118) bacterial strains were evaluated using the broth micro-dilution method. Compound 4a2 displayed the highest antibacterial activity, especially against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antioxidant potential of the synthesized compounds was also investigated according to ferric reducing power, total antioxidant activity and DPPH radical scavenging assays. All tested compounds showed excellent antioxidant activity in comparison with sulfadiazine and sulfisoxazole which were used as parent sulfonamides. Moreover, some of them showed an antioxidant activity comparable with that of ascorbic acid. In general, the compounds designed based on a sulfadiazine skeleton (compounds 4a1-6, 5a1-6) are more active than those obtained from sulfisoxazole (compounds 4b1-6, 5b1-6), and the N-(arylidene)hydrazinoacetyl sulfonamide derivatives 4a1-6, 4b1-6 are more active than their azetidionone analogues 5a1-6, 5b1-6.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/síntese química , Antioxidantes/síntese química , Azetidinas/síntese química , Sulfonamidas/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Azetidinas/farmacologia , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/efeitos dos fármacos , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Estrutura Molecular , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Considering the current context of the increasing resistance of bacterial species to antibiotics and other antimicrobial agents, a major objective is to develop other antimicrobial approaches, which would be able to inactivate pathogens with considerable effectiveness. Two such methods are photodynamic disinfection therapy and laser irradiation. In view of the immunocompromised status of some patients under immunosuppressive therapy and potential drug interactions that can be established between systemic antimicrobial agents, the research of local, minimally invasive methods of inactivating periodontal pathogens in the context of these systemic therapies with modifying drugs of the immune response is justified. This in vitro study evaluated the antimicrobial action of a diode laser, wavelength 940 nm, and photodisinfection therapy at 670 nm (photosensitizer, 3,7 dimethyl phenothiazine chloride) on a type strain of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, a known periodontal pathogen, in the presence and absence of active substances used in autoimmune disease therapy (Etanercept, Infliximab, Metothrexate). The association of a conventional antirheumatic drug with anti-TNF-α therapy determined a significantly greater inhibition of the strain of A. actinomycetemcomitans compared to monotherapy, in vitro. Photodisinfection caused a significant reduction in bacterial burden after a 30 s exposure in vitro, regardless of the pharmaceutical associations of biological and conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Irradiation with a diode laser for 30 s at a power of 5 W caused a greater reduction compared to irradiation with 1 W. The application of laser and photodisinfection induced a significant reduction in Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in vitro and could be considered important adjunctive measures for the eradication of this oral pathogen in the context of immunomodulating therapy.
Assuntos
Antirreumáticos/efeitos adversos , Artrite Reumatoide/tratamento farmacológico , Criptococose/induzido quimicamente , Cryptococcus neoformans/isolamento & purificação , Dermatomicoses/induzido quimicamente , Infliximab/efeitos adversos , Infecções Oportunistas/induzido quimicamente , Administração Oral , Idoso , Antifúngicos/administração & dosagem , Artrite Reumatoide/diagnóstico , Biópsia , Criptococose/tratamento farmacológico , Criptococose/imunologia , Criptococose/microbiologia , Cryptococcus neoformans/imunologia , Dermatomicoses/tratamento farmacológico , Dermatomicoses/imunologia , Dermatomicoses/microbiologia , Esquema de Medicação , Feminino , Fluconazol/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Infecções Oportunistas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Oportunistas/imunologia , Infecções Oportunistas/microbiologia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
This study evaluated the impact of storing chicken manure on the degradation of enrofloxacin (ENR) and ciprofloxacin (CIP), and on the survival of CIP-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. At 24 d of age, half of 8900 chickens received ENR for 5 d. After the animals departed, their manure was stored in two heaps for 63 d. Enterobacteriaceae were cultured on media containing 0 to 32 mg L⻹ of CIP. A total of 320 isolates were fingerprinted using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) to evaluate community structure. Initial concentrations of ENR and CIP in the heap were 22 and 1.8 mg kg⻹, respectively. Seventy-three percent of the two fluoroquinolones were eliminated during storage. The administration of ENR led to a 5.1 logâ10 decrease in Enterobacteriaceae concentrations and emergence of CIP-resistant bacteria, which became dominant in the feces. concentrations decreased 1.2 to 2.3 logâ10 2 d after the heaps were made and continued to decline during storage. No resistant were found by Day 63. The highest CIP minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values observed among isolates of and of both and sp. were 128 and 4 mg L⻹, respectively. The dominant ERIC-PCR profiles changed over time. There was no relationship between genotype and resistance-isolated strains to CIP. Storing chicken manure in heaps appeared to be an effective way of limiting the entrance of CIP-resistant E. coli into the environment but did not prevent the dissemination of fluoroquinolones after land spreading.
Assuntos
Galinhas/microbiologia , Ciprofloxacina/farmacologia , Enterobacteriaceae/efeitos dos fármacos , Fezes/microbiologia , Fluoroquinolonas/química , Animais , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Enterobacteriaceae/genética , Enterobacteriaceae/isolamento & purificação , Fezes/química , Eliminação de Resíduos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
We report the first case of tinea corporis bullosa due to Trichophyton schoenleinii in a 41-year-old Romanian woman, without any involvement of the scalp and hair. The species identification was performed using macroscopic and microscopic features of the dermatophyte and its physiological abilities. Epidemiological aspects of the case are also discussed. The general treatment with terbinafine and topical applications of ciclopiroxolamine cream have led to complete healing, with the lesions disappearing in 2 weeks.
Assuntos
Tinha/microbiologia , Trichophyton/isolamento & purificação , Adulto , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Ciclopirox , Feminino , Humanos , Naftalenos/uso terapêutico , Piridonas/uso terapêutico , Terbinafina , Tinha/tratamento farmacológico , Trichophyton/genética , Trichophyton/fisiologiaRESUMO
Eliminating or at least lessening the pain is a crucial aspect of burns management, as pain can negatively affect mental health and quality of life, and it can also induce a delay on wound healing. In this context, new amphiphilic chitosan 3D porous membranes were developed and investigated as burns therapeutic systems with analgesic effect for delivery of lidocaine as local anesthetic. The highly porous morphology of the membranes and the structural modifications were evidenced by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Improved compression mechanical properties, long-term hydrolytic degradation (28 days) evaluation and high swelling capacities (ranging from 8 to 22.6 g/g) indicate an increased capacity of the prepared membranes to absorb physiological fluids (burns exudate). Lidocaine in vitro release efficiency was favored by the decreased content of cross-linking agent (reaching maximum value of 95.24%) and the kinetic data modeling, indicating that lidocaine release occurs by quasi-Fickian diffusion. In addition to the in vitro evaluation of analgesic effect, lidocaine-loaded chitosan membranes were successfully investigated and proved antibacterial activity against most common pathogens in burns infections: Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
RESUMO
To avoid fungal spreading in the bloodstream and internal organs, many research efforts concentrate on finding appropriate candidiasis treatment from the initial stage. This paper proposes chitosan-based physically or chemically cross-linked hydrogels aimed to provide sustained release of micronized nystatin (NYSm) antifungal drug, known for its large activity spectrum. Nystatin was demonstrated itself to provide hydrodynamic/mechanic stability to the chitosan hydrogel through hydrophobic interactions and H-bonds. For chemical cross-linking of the succinylated chitosan, a non-toxic diepoxy-functionalized siloxane compound was used. The chemical structure and composition of the hydrogels, also their morphology, were evidenced by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The hydrogels presented mechanical properties which mimic those of the soft tissues (elastic moduli < 1 MPa), necessary to ensure matrix accommodation and bioadhesion. Maximum swelling capacities were reached by the hydrogels with higher succinic anhydride content at both pH 7.4 (429%) and pH 4.2 (471%), while higher amounts of nystatin released in the simulative immersion media (57% in acidic pH and 51% in pH 7.4) occurred from the physical cross-linked hydrogel. The release mechanism by non-swellable matrix diffusion and the susceptibility of three Candida strains make all the hydrogel formulations effective for NYSm local delivery and for combating fungal infections.