Urinary prostate-specific antigen: predictor of benign prostatic hyperplasia progression?

INTRODUCTION: Urinary prostate-specific antigen (uPSA) can be used as additional parameter of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 2001 to December 2011, uPSA was determined in 265 patients with benign prostate. Based on total prostate volume (TPV), the patients with benign prostate were divided in two groups: TPV < 31 mL and TPV ≥ 31 mL. Additional three groups were formed upon MTOPS study criteria: non- progressive BPH group (TPV < 31 mL, PSA < 1.6 ng/mL, age < 62 yrs), intermediate group (one, or two parameters {TPV, PSA, age} increased) and progressive BPH group (TPV ≥ 31 ml, PSA ≥ 1.6 ng/mL, age ≥ 62 yrs). RESULTS: Average uPSA values in the groups TPV < 31 mL and TPV ≥ 31 mL were 119.3 ± 124.5 and 255.5 ± 204.9 ng/mL, respectively and they were significantly different (p < 0.0001). Average uPSA values in the non- progressive BPH group, intermediate group and progressive BPH group were 86.8 ± 82.4 ng/mL, 166.6 ± 164.9 ng/mL and 274.9 ± 208.3 ng/mL, respectively and they were significantly different (p < 0.0001). The level of uPSA correlated significantly with TPV (r = 0.32, p < 0.0001). The cut off uPSA level of 150 ng/mL discriminates the patients with non-progressive BPH and progressive BPH with specificity of 0.83 and sensitivity of 0.67. CONCLUSION: The level of uPSA reflects prostatic hormonal activity and correlates with TPV, PSA and age. UPSA level ≥ 150 ng/mL can be used as additional predictive parameter of BPH progression.

Breast ductal carcinoma in situ: morphologic and kinetic MRI findings.

BACKGROUND: Adequate diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) could lead to efficacious treatment. Due to the fact that DCIS lesions can progress to invasive carcinomas and that the sensitivity of the standard examination - mammography - is between 70 and 80%, use of a more sensitive diagnostic tool was needed. In detection of DCIS, contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI) has the sensitivity up to 96%. OBJECTIVES: Morphological features and kinetic parameters were evaluated to define the most regular morphological, kinetic and morpho-kinetic patterns on MRI assessment of breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively assessed eighteen patients with 23 histologically confirmed lesions (mean age, 52.4 ± 10.5 years). All patients were clinically and mammographically examined prior to MRI examination. RESULTS: DCIS appeared most frequently as non-mass-like lesions (12 lesions, 52.17%). The differences in the frequency of lesion types were statistically significant (P<0.05). The following morphological patterns were detected: A: no specific morphologic features, B: linear/branching enhancement, C: focal mass-like enhancement, D: segmental enhancement, E: segmental enhancement in triangular shape, F: diffuse enhancement, G: regional heterogeneous enhancement in one quadrant not conforming to duct distribution and H: dotted or granular type of enhancement with patchy distribution. The difference in the frequency of the proposed patterns was statistically significant (P<0.05). There were eight lesions with mass enhancement, and six with segmental lesions: regional and triangular. There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of enhancement curve types (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the frequency of morpho-kinetic patterns. CONCLUSION: Non-mass-like lesions, lesions with focal or segmental distribution, with a "plateau" enhancement curve type were the most frequent findings of DCIS lesions on MRI.