PI3K, mTOR and GSK3 modulate cytokines' production in peripheral leukocyte in temporal lobe epilepsy.

INTRODUCTION: Epilepsy is a common pathological condition that predisposes individuals to seizures, as well as cognitive and emotional dysfunctions. Different studies have demonstrated that inflammation contributes to the pathophysiology of epilepsy. Indeed, seizures change the peripheral inflammatory pattern, which, in turn, could contribute to seizures. However, the cause of the altered production of peripheral inflammatory mediators is not known. The PI3K/mTOR/GSK3ß pathway is important for different physiological and pharmacological phenomena. Therefore, in the present study, we tested the hypothesis that the PI3K/mTOR/GSK3ß pathway is deregulated in immune cells from patients with epilepsy and contributes to the abnormal production of inflammatory mediators. METHODS: Patients with temporal lobe epilepsy presenting hippocampal sclerosis and controls aged between 18 and 65 years-old were selected for this study. Peripheral blood was collected for the isolation of peripheral mononuclear blood cells (PBMC). Cells were pre-incubated with different PI3K, mTOR and GSK-3 inhibitors for 30 min and further stimulated with phytohaemaglutinin (PHA) or vehicle for 24 h. The supernatant was used to evaluate the production of IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-10, TNF e IL-12p70. RESULTS: Non-selective inhibition of PI3K, as well as inhibition of PI3Kγ and GSK-3, reduced the levels of TNF and IL-10 in PHA-stimulated cells from TLE individuals. This stimulus increased the production of IL-12p70 only in cells from TLE individuals, while the inhibition of PI3K and mTOR enhanced the production of this cytokine. On the other hand, inhibition of GSK3 reduced the PHA-induced production of IL-12p70. CONCLUSIONS: Herein we demonstrated that the production of cytokines by immune cells from patients with TLE differs from non-epileptic patients. This differential regulation may be associated with the altered activity and responsiveness of intracellular molecules, such as PI3K, mTOR and GSK-3, which, in turn, might contribute to the inflammatory state that exists in epilepsy and its pathogenesis.

Desenvolvimento e caracterização de bebidas de base láctea a partir do soro de kefir / Development and characterization of dairy-based beverage from kefir whey

O kefir é uma bebida fermentada que apresenta importante caráter probiótico, conferindo benefícios à saúde humana. O soro de kefir obtido de sua filtração, pode ser aproveitado para elaboração de bebidas lácteas. O presente estudo objetivou o desenvolvimento de uma bebida de base láctea a partir do soro de kefir (com e sem adição de baunilha) em dois tempos de fermentação (24 e 36 horas), avaliando-se suas características físico-químicas, microbiológicas, de aceitação e intenção de consumo. As bebidas fermentadas por 24 horas apresentaram maior percentual de aceitação e contagens de bactérias láticas mínimas para um alimento probiótico, de acordo com a legislação.

Effects of lymphatic drainage on cellulitis assessed by magnetic resonance

The aim of this study was to assess the use of magnetic resonance as a new method for evaluating the manual lymphatic drainage technique in treating cellulitis. Cellulitis is one of the main esthetic problems that lead women toward seeking guidance and specific treatments. There are various therapeutic approaches, owing to the multi-factorial nature of its pathogen, although the effectiveness of most of these has not been definitively proven, given that the assessment methods used are mostly subjective or do not provide enough information on subcutaneous tissue. The introduction of magnetic resonance as a means of assessing a lymphatic drainage technique in cellulitis treatment makes the evaluation more accurate, since it enables a detailed study of subcutaneous architecture.

Objetivo: Este estudo objetiva avaliar o uso da Ressonância Magnética como uma nova técnica de avaliação de uma técnica de drenagem linfática no tratamento do Fibro Edema Gelóide (FEG). O FEG, popularmente conhecido como "celulite" é um dos principais problemas de estética corporal que leva as mulheres a procurar orientações e tratamentos específicos. Devido à natureza multifatorial da sua patogenia, existem várias abordagens terapêuticas, mas a maioria desses não tem sua eficácia comprovada de maneira acurada, pois os métodos de avaliação utilizados, em sua maioria, são subjetivos ou não provêem informações suficientes para o estudo do tecido subcutâneo. A introdução da ressonância magnética como meio de avaliação de uma técnica de drenagem linfática no tratamento do FEG a torna mais acurada, uma vez que a mesma possibilita o estudo detalhado da arquitetura do subcutâneo.

Comparação entre o alongamento segmentar e o alongamento global na flexibilidade e amplitude de movimento dos isquiotíbiais / Comparison between segmental and global stretching on flexibility and range of motion of the hamstring

Existem vários artigos que comprovam os efeitos do alongamento estático. Porém, poucos estudos analisamos efeitos do alongamento global no ganho de amplitude de movimento. Objetivo Comparar os efeitos do alongamento segmentar em relação ao alongamento global quanto à flexibilidade e amplitude de movimento (ADM) dos músculos ísquiostíbiais em indivíduos saudáveis. Método: Foi desenvolvido um estudo experimental randomizado aleatório, em que 30 mulheres foram divididas aleatoriamente em 3 grupos (n=10): alongamento segmentar (AS); alongamento global (AG) e grupo controle (GC) (não realizou nenhum tipo de alongamento). Foram realizadas 05 sessões por semana, durante 02 semanas seguidas. A medição da flexibilidade foi feita por meio da extensão passiva do joelho antes e após cada sessão e pela medição da distância terceiro dedo-chão (DDC). Resultados: Os grupos AS e AG apresentaram ADM de extensão de joelho finais significativamente maiores que o grupo CG (p

There are severa I studies that prove the effects of stretching static. However, a few studies analyze the effects of the global stretching on gain of range of motion. Objective: Compare the effects of static stretching in relationto global stretching on the flexibility and range of motion (ROM) of hamstring in healthy subjects. Method: We developed an experimental randomized study, in which 30 women were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 10): AS - staticstretching; AG - global stretching CG - control group (not done any stretching). We performed 05 sessions per weekfor 02 weeks followed. The measurement of flexibility was made by passive extension of the knee before and after each session and the measurement of the third finger-floor distance. Results: AG and AS groups had ROM of knee extension significantly higher than the CG group (p <0.05). FOllow-up in the AG group showed statistically significant difference when compared to AS and Gc. Conclusion: From the results showed that both protocols were effective on the gain of ROM, but in terms of maintenance, the global stretching showed better results after 18 weeks.