Evaluation of the accuracy of ChatGPT's responses to and references for clinical questions in physical therapy.

[Purpose] This study evaluated the accuracy of ChatGPT's responses to and references for five clinical questions in physical therapy based on the Physical Therapy Guidelines and assessed this language model's potential as a tool for supporting clinical decision-making in the rehabilitation field. [Participants and Methods] Five clinical questions from the "Stroke", "Musculoskeletal disorders", and "Internal disorders" sections of the Physical Therapy Guidelines, released by the Japanese Society of Physical Therapy, were presented to ChatGPT. ChatGPT was instructed to provide responses in Japanese accompanied by references such as PubMed IDs or digital object identifiers. The accuracy of the generated content and references was evaluated by two assessors with expertise in their respective sections by using a 4-point scale, and comments were provided for point deductions. The inter-rater agreement was evaluated using weighted kappa coefficients. [Results] ChatGPT demonstrated adequate accuracy in generating content for clinical questions in physical therapy. However, the accuracy of the references was poor, with a significant number of references being non-existent or misinterpreted. [Conclusion] ChatGPT has limitations in reference selection and reliability. While ChatGPT can offer accurate responses to clinical questions in physical therapy, it should be used with caution because it is not a completely reliable model.

Single-dose treatment of male patients with gonococcal urethritis using 2g spectinomycin: microbiological and clinical evaluations.

The microbiological and clinical efficacies of a single-dose treatment of 2g spectinomycin administered by intramuscular injection were studied in 365 male patients with gonococcal urethritis. A total of 210 patients (57.5%) could be evaluated, in 28 (13.3%) of whom Chlamydia trachomatis was detected in addition to Neisseria gonorrhoeae. A single dose of spectinomycin eradicated N. gonorrhoeae in 203 (96.7%) of the 210 patients. Among patients in whom N. gonorrhoeae was eradicated, pyuria and clinical symptoms, respectively, disappeared in 92.6% (162/175) and 98.9% (173/175) of patients without concomitant C. trachomatis and in 78.6% (22/28) and 71.4% (20/28) with C. trachomatis. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined for four of seven N. gonorrhoeae strains isolated after spectinomycin treatment. MICs to spectinomycin for three of the four isolates were 16 microg/mL (defined as susceptible) and the MIC of the other isolate was 128 microg/mL, indicating resistance. The resistant isolate was a multidrug-resistant strain with resistance to ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, penicillin and cephalosporins, except for ceftriaxone. The results of this study indicate that a single-dose treatment using 2g spectinomycin is effective in treating patients with urethritis caused by N. gonorrhoeae, even in the era of multidrug-resistant N. gonorrhoeae.