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1.
Am J Vet Res ; 85(1)2024 Jan 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37903451

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the radiographic thickness of the dorsal hoof wall in normal draft horse feet. ANIMALS: 33 adult draft horses with no history of laminitis, no clinically obvious lameness, and visibly unremarkable front feet were included. METHODS: This was a prospective, descriptive study of clinically normal draft horses' front feet. Lateromedial radiographs were acquired of the front feet. A ratio of the dorsal hoof wall thickness to the length of the distal phalanx (DHWP3 ratio) was calculated. RESULTS: The dorsal hoof wall thickness to length of the distal phalanx was calculated as 0.33 ± 0.03 (range of 0.28 to 0.39) in this population of draft horses. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: With very few exceptions, the heterogeneous population of draft horses evaluated in this study had a DHWP3 ratio greater than previously published values in lighter breeds (< 0.30).


Assuntos
Doenças do Pé , Casco e Garras , Doenças dos Cavalos , Cavalos , Animais , Casco e Garras/diagnóstico por imagem , Estudos Prospectivos , Doenças dos Cavalos/diagnóstico por imagem , Radiografia , Osso e Ossos , Doenças do Pé/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças do Pé/veterinária , Coxeadura Animal
2.
J Virol ; 85(3): 1214-23, 2011 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21084481

RESUMO

The first influenza pandemic of the new millennium was caused by a newly emerged swine-origin influenza virus (SOIV) (H1N1). This new virus is characterized by a previously unknown constellation of gene segments derived from North American and Eurasian swine lineages and the absence of common markers predictive of human adaptation. Overall, human infections appeared to be mild, but an alarming number of young individuals presented with symptoms atypical for seasonal influenza. The new SOIV also showed a sustained human-to-human transmissibility and higher reproduction ratio than common seasonal viruses, altogether indicating a higher pathogenic potential for this newly emerged virus. To study the virulence of the SOIV, we used a recently established cynomolgus macaque model and compared parameters of clinical disease, virology, host responses, and pathology/histopathology with a current seasonal H1N1 virus. We here show that infection of macaques with two genetically similar but clinically distinct SOIV isolates from the early stage of the pandemic (A/Mexico/4108/2009 and A/Mexico/InDRE4487/2009) resulted in upper and lower respiratory tract infections and clinical disease ranging from mild to severe pneumonia that was clearly advanced over the mild infection caused by A/Kawasaki/UTK-4/2009, a current seasonal strain. Unexpectedly, we observed heterogeneity among the two SOIV isolates in virus replication, host transcriptional and cytokine responses, and disease progression, demonstrating a higher pathogenic potential for A/Mexico/InDRE4487/2009. Differences in virulence may explain more severe disease, as was seen with certain individuals infected with the emerged pandemic influenza virus. Thus, the nonhuman primate model closely mimics influenza in humans.


Assuntos
Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/isolamento & purificação , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/patogenicidade , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/patologia , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/virologia , Doenças dos Primatas/patologia , Doenças dos Primatas/virologia , Animais , Pré-Escolar , Citocinas/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Progressão da Doença , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Variação Genética , Humanos , Influenza Humana/virologia , Macaca , Masculino , Pneumonia Viral/patologia , Pneumonia Viral/virologia , Infecções Respiratórias/patologia , Infecções Respiratórias/virologia , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Virulência
3.
J Exp Biol ; 215(Pt 12): 2081-7, 2012 Jun 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22623196

RESUMO

Hibernating bears retain most of their skeletal muscle strength despite drastically reduced weight-bearing activity. Regular neural activation of muscles is a potential mechanism by which muscle atrophy could be limited. However, both mechanical loading and neural activity are usually necessary to maintain muscle size. An alternative mechanism is that the signaling pathways related to the regulation of muscle size could be altered so that neither mechanical nor neural inputs are needed for retaining strength. More specifically, we hypothesized that muscles in hibernating bears are resistant to a severe reduction in neural activation. To test this hypothesis, we unilaterally transected the common peroneal nerve, which innervates ankle flexor muscles, in hibernating and summer-active brown bears (Ursus arctos). In hibernating bears, the long digital extensor (LDE) and cranial tibial (CT) musculotendon masses on the denervated side decreased after 11 weeks post-surgery by 18 ± 11 and 25 ± 10%, respectively, compared with those in the intact side. In contrast, decreases in musculotendon masses of summer-active bears after denervation were 61 ± 4 and 58 ± 5% in the LDE and CT, respectively, and significantly different from those of hibernating bears. The decrease due to denervation in summer-active bears was comparable to that occurring in other mammals. Whole-muscle cross-sectional areas (CSAs) measured from ultrasound images and myofiber CSAs measured from biopsies decreased similarly to musculotendon mass. Thus, hibernating bears alter skeletal muscle catabolic pathways regulated by neural activity, and exploration of these pathways may offer potential solutions for disuse atrophy of muscles.


Assuntos
Hibernação , Músculo Esquelético/inervação , Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia , Nervo Fibular/cirurgia , Ursidae/fisiologia , Animais , Denervação , Feminino , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/anatomia & histologia , Atrofia Muscular/prevenção & controle , Tamanho do Órgão , Ursidae/anatomia & histologia
4.
Comp Hepatol ; 9: 6, 2010 Jul 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20598156

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: ABCB4 functions as a phosphatidylcholine translocater, flipping phosphatidylcholine across hepatocyte canalicular membranes into biliary canaliculi. In people, ABCB4 gene mutations are associated with several disease syndromes including intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (type 3), primary biliary cirrhosis, and cholelithiasis. Hepatobiliary disease, specifically gallbladder mucocele formation, has been recognized with increased frequency in dogs during the past decade. Because Shetland Sheepdogs are considered to be predisposed to gallbladder mucoceles, we initially investigated ABCB4 as a candidate gene for gallbladder mucocele formation in that breed, but included affected dogs of other breeds as well. RESULTS: An insertion (G) mutation in exon 12 of canine ABCB4 (ABCB4 1583_1584G) was found to be significantly associated with hepatobiliary disease in Shetland Sheepdogs specifically (P < 0.0001) as well as other breeds (P < 0.0006). ABCB4 1583_1584G results in a frame shift generating four stop codons that prematurely terminate ABCB4 protein synthesis within exon 12, abolishing over half of the protein including critical ATP and a putative substrate binding site. CONCLUSIONS: The finding of a significant association of ABCB4 1583_1584G with gallbladder mucoceles in dogs suggests that this phospholipid flippase may play a role in the pathophysiology of this disorder. Affected dogs may provide a useful model for identifying novel treatment strategies for ABCB4-associated hepatobiliary disease in people.

5.
Am J Vet Res ; 70(5): 633-9, 2009 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19405903

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To measure the effects of lowmolecular-weight inhibitors on the activity of bovine neutrophil matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9). SAMPLE POPULATION: Bovine MMP-9 purified from bovine neutrophilconditioned medium. PROCEDURES: Neutrophils were degranulated by stimulation with phorbol ester. Enzyme purification was performed by use of gelatin affinity and gel-filtration chromatography. Activated enzyme was incubated with inhibitors prior to addition of substrate (gelatin fluorescein conjugate or fluorogenic peptide). Rates of enzymatic cleavage were determined by monitoring fluorescence as the reactions progressed. Values of IC(50) (molar concentration of compound that inhibits specific activity by 50%) and K(I) (in vitro inhibition constant) were determined. RESULTS: Rates of enzymatic activity of monomeric and dimeric bovine MMP-9 measured by use of gelatin and peptide substrates were linear with respect to time and concentrations of enzyme and substrate. The MMP-9 was potently inhibited by hydroxamic acids (IC(50) for gelatin, 29.2 to 55.7 nM; IC(50) for peptide, 4.8 to 24.6 nM; K(I), 0.2 to 0.5 nM), whereas tetracyclines (IC(50) for gelatin, 30.1 to 112.7 MM; IC(50) for peptide, 48.0 to 123.8 MM; K(I), 25.2 to 61.4 microM) and chlorhexidine (IC(50) for gelatin, 139.1MM; IC(50) for peptide, 672.5MM to 1.7 mM; K(I), 495.0 to 663.0 MM) had limited inhibition. Gelatinase-specific inhibitor SB-3CT had intermediate potency (IC(50) for peptide, 185.0 to 290.0 nM; K(I), 66.5 to 86.0 nM). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Bovine MMP-9 was potently inhibited by hydroxamic acids and gelatinase inhibitor. These compounds may be useful as modulators of neutrophil-mediated protease activity in cattle.


Assuntos
Bovinos/fisiologia , Ativação Enzimática/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Inibidores de Metaloproteinases de Matriz , Neutrófilos/enzimologia , Animais , Calibragem , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Cinética , Metaloproteinase 9 da Matriz/química , Peso Molecular , Fatores de Tempo
6.
J Am Vet Med Assoc ; 254(7): 852-858, 2019 Apr 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30888281

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To describe the use of non-contrast-enhanced CT to identify deep digital flexor (DDF) tendinopathy in horses with lameness attributed to pain in regions distal to the metatarsophalangeal or metacarpophalangeal joints. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. ANIMALS: 28 client-owned horses. PROCEDURES: Medical records were searched to identify horses that underwent non-contrast-enhanced CT with or without high-field MRI as part of an evaluation for lameness localized to areas distal to the metacarpophalangeal or metatarsophalangeal joint in ≥ 1 limb. Horses were included in the study if they had ≥ 1 DDF tendon lesion (DDF tendinopathy) identified. Signalment, lameness examination findings and response to perineural anesthesia, imaging modality, anesthetic agents and duration of anesthesia, and imaging findings were recorded. Data were summarized descriptively. RESULTS: Bilateral imaging was performed for all horses, irrespective of unilateral or bilateral lameness. Nine of 28 horses underwent both CT and MRI, and all DDF tendon lesions identified by one modality were identified by the other. Of 48 limbs with DDF tendinopathy, 46 (96%) had core lesions and 35 (73%) had dorsal border irregularities. Median anesthesia time for CT and CT followed by MRI was 15 and 110 minutes, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggested that non-contrast-enhanced CT was useful for identifying DDF tendinopathy in horses with lameness localized to the phalangeal regions, and this was supported by consistency of findings in a subset of horses that underwent MRI. Further research is needed to confirm these results.


Assuntos
Doenças dos Cavalos , Tendinopatia/veterinária , Animais , Cavalos , Coxeadura Animal , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Estudos Retrospectivos
8.
Am J Vet Res ; 80(6): 607-612, 2019 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31140840

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To radiographically compare patellar ligament length (PLL) in dogs undergoing tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) for unilateral cranial cruciate ligament rupture at preoperative, postoperative, and follow-up evaluations. ANIMALS: 105 dogs that underwent TPLO for unilateral cranial cruciate ligament rupture at a referral veterinary hospital from October 1, 2008, through November 30, 2017. PROCEDURES: Medical records were reviewed to obtain information on dog signalment, surgical procedure, and radiographically measured PLL at preoperative, postoperative, and follow-up evaluations. RESULTS: Dogs undergoing TPLO had a shorter PLL at the postoperative and follow-up evaluations, compared with the PLL at the preoperative evaluation. Mean ± SD overall unadjusted PLL decreased significantly by 2.3 ± 3.4% between the preoperative and postoperative evaluation and by 2.8 ± 3.9% between the preoperative and follow-up evaluation. The PLL did not differ significantly between the postoperative and follow-up evaluation; mean PLL decreased by 0.4 ± 3.8% between the postoperative and follow-up evaluation. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The PLL was shorter after TPLO in dogs, which was similar to changes observed for humans after high tibial osteotomy procedures. Further evaluation of clinical assessments, joint mobility, ultrasonographic assessments, and kinematic results are needed to determine the relevance of the PLL and whether a decrease in ligament length results in decreased mobility and persistent lameness in dogs, as has been reported for humans.


Assuntos
Lesões do Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/veterinária , Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico por imagem , Osteotomia/veterinária , Ligamento Patelar/diagnóstico por imagem , Joelho de Quadrúpedes/diagnóstico por imagem , Animais , Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/cirurgia , Lesões do Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/cirurgia , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Doenças do Cão/cirurgia , Cães , Feminino , Seguimentos , Masculino , Período Pós-Operatório , Estudos Retrospectivos , Joelho de Quadrúpedes/cirurgia , Tíbia , Ultrassonografia/veterinária
9.
J Biomed Mater Res A ; 84(1): 219-29, 2008 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17607764

RESUMO

Xenogeneic porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) is a natural, biodegradable matrix that has been successfully used as a scaffold for repair of tissue defects. The goal of this study was to compare a collateral ligament transection surgically reconstructed with an anchored SIS ligament to a sham-operated control procedure for the correction of joint laxity using an equine model. Ten metacarpophalangeal joints from 10 horses had complete transection of the lateral collateral ligament. In 6 horses, the collateral ligament was reconstructed with a multilaminate strip of SIS anchored with screws into bone tunnels proximal and distal to the joint. The sham controls had similar screws, but no SIS placed. Clinical compatibility and effectiveness were evaluated with lameness, incisional quality, and joint range of motion, circumference and laxity. Ligament structure and strength was quantified with serial high resolution ultrasound, histology, and mechanical testing at 8 weeks. Surgical repair with SIS eliminated joint laxity at surgery. SIS-treated joints had significantly less laxity than sham treatment at 8 weeks (p < 0.001). SIS-treated ligaments demonstrated a progressive increase in repair tissue density and fiber alignment that by week 8 were significantly greater than sham-treated ligament (p < 0.03). SIS-repaired ligament tended to have greater peak stress to failure than sham-treatment (p < 0.07). Cellularity within the ligament repair tissue and inflammation within the bone tunnel was significantly greater in the SIS-treated limbs (p < 0.017). Within the first 8 weeks of healing, SIS implanted to reinforce collateral ligament injury was biocompatible in the joint environment, restored initial loss of joint stability, and accelerated early repair tissue quality. SIS ligament reconstruction might provide benefit to early ligament healing and assist early joint stability associated with ligament injury.


Assuntos
Mucosa Intestinal , Intestino Delgado , Articulação Metacarpofalângica/cirurgia , Animais , Cavalos , Articulação Metacarpofalângica/diagnóstico por imagem , Articulação Metacarpofalângica/lesões , Modelos Animais , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica , Ultrassonografia , Cicatrização
10.
Am J Vet Res ; 69(2): 279-88, 2008 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18241027

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To compare the iridocorneal angle (ICA) and angle opening distance (AOD) in dogs with cataractous and noncataractous lenses; evaluate cataractous eyes ultrasono-graphically for association of postoperative ocular hypertension (POH) with the ICA, AOD, and postoperative echogenic anterior chamber debris; and evaluate intraobserver reliability associated with ICA and AOD measurements. ANIMALS: 56 dogs with 102 cataracts, and 23 clinically normal dogs. PROCEDURES: Ultrasound biomicroscopy was performed on 102 eyes of 56 dogs before and after cataract surgery and on 46 nondilated and dilated eyes of 23 clinically normal dogs. Cataract stage, ICA, AOD, and association with POH were assessed. RESULTS: Cataract stage and ICA or AOD were not significantly associated; however, ICA and AOD typically decreased with increasing cataract maturity. Before and after pupillary dilation, AODs were significantly smaller in cataractous eyes than in noncataractous eyes. Before surgery, ICA and AOD in eyes without pupillary dilation were significantly associated with POH. At > 13 degrees , odds of developing POH increased by 11% for each degree increase in the ICA. Postoperative anterior chamber debris was not associated with POH. Coefficient of variation for repeated measurements was 10% for the ICA and 9.5% for the AOD, suggesting good intraobserver reliability. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In this study, dogs with larger ICA and AOD measurements before surgery were at greater risk of developing POH. This information may be useful for future studies to determine whether preventative treatment for POH administered prior to surgery may be beneficial.


Assuntos
Catarata/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/cirurgia , Olho/anatomia & histologia , Implante de Lente Intraocular/veterinária , Microscopia Acústica/veterinária , Facoemulsificação/veterinária , Animais , Cães , Olho/patologia , Feminino , Saúde , Masculino
11.
Am J Vet Res ; 68(8): 841-9, 2007 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17669024

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and correlate patterns of subchondral bone density and articular cartilage degeneration (derived by use of gross, histologic, and computed tomographic [CT] examinations) in equine third metacarpal condyles with and without osteoarthritis. SAMPLE POPULATION: 8 metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints (n = 4 horses) without osteoarthritis and 6 osteoarthritis-affected MCP joints (4). PROCEDURES: Horses were euthanized. The third metacarpal condyles of the joints were examined grossly and via CT (3 slice images/condyle). For 6 condylar zones, mean bone density and pattern of density distribution were determined. Data for osteoarthritis-affected and control joints were compared. Histomorphometric point count analyses identified areas of bone density for comparison with CT density measurements. RESULTS: Osteoarthritis-affected condyles had heterogeneous subchondral bone with focal resorptive lesions and patterned sclerosis, whereas control condyles had symmetric bone density distribution. In osteoarthritis-affected condyles, bone density determined via gray scale image density analysis was greater (dorsal and medial pattern), compared with control condyles, and differed among zones because of resorption and sclerosis. With regard to bone density in osteoarthritis-affected condyles, histologic findings correlated with CT images, and bone lesions were significantly correlated with cartilage lesions. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In horses, heterogeneous distribution and greater subchondral bone density were characteristic of osteoarthritis-affected condyles, compared with control condyles. Subchondral bone lesions correlated with overlying cartilage lesions in osteoarthritis-affected MCP joints. Identification of CT image characteristics appears to predict the presence of a cartilage lesion in MCP joints of horses with osteoarthritis.


Assuntos
Densidade Óssea/fisiologia , Cartilagem/patologia , Doenças dos Cavalos/patologia , Osteoartrite/veterinária , Animais , Membro Anterior/patologia , Cavalos , Articulações/patologia , Osteoartrite/patologia
12.
Am J Vet Res ; 68(9): 995-1004, 2007 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17764415

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To characterize and purify covalent complexes of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and haptoglobin released by bovine granulocytes in vitro. SAMPLE POPULATION: Blood samples obtained from healthy cows and cows with acute and chronic inflammation to obtain WBCs and sera. PROCEDURES: WBCs were isolated by differential centrifugation, hypotonic lysis of RBCs, and degranulated by stimulation with phorbol ester (20 ng/mL). Cell-conditioned medium was subjected to affinity and gel chromatography and purified proteins subjected to SDS- PAGE gelatin zymography, western blot analysis, Coomassie blue staining, and peptide mass spectrometry for protein identification. Sera of cows hospitalized for acute and chronic septic conditions and of clinically normal cows were analyzed with similar methods. RESULTS: Matrix metalloproteinase-9 was released from neutrophils in vitro and migrated to a molecular mass of approximately 220 kd (prodimer), approximately 105 kd (promonomer), and > 220 kd (high-molecular mass complexes). These high-molecular mass complexes were composed of alpha- and beta-haptoglobin and MMP-9 (ratio13:13:1). Complexes of MMP-9 and haptoglobin had biochemical properties of both its protein constituents (i.e., enzymatic activity toward gelatin and hemoglobin binding). Complexes of MMP-9 and haptoglobin were also detected in sera of cows with acute inflammation, but not in clinically normal cows or cows with chronic disease. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A fraction of neutrophil MMP-9 is released in complex with haptoglobin. The complex is present in granules and retains biological activity of its components. Detection of the complex in serum may provide an indicator of acute inflammation.


Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/imunologia , Bovinos/sangue , Granulócitos/enzimologia , Granulócitos/imunologia , Haptoglobinas/imunologia , Inflamação/veterinária , Metaloproteinase 9 da Matriz/sangue , Animais , Western Blotting/veterinária , Bovinos/imunologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/sangue , Cromatografia de Afinidade/veterinária , Cromatografia em Gel/veterinária , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida/veterinária , Ativação Enzimática , Feminino , Haptoglobinas/isolamento & purificação , Inflamação/sangue , Inflamação/imunologia , Metaloproteinase 9 da Matriz/isolamento & purificação , Peso Molecular , Neutrófilos/enzimologia , Neutrófilos/imunologia , Análise de Sequência de Proteína , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem/veterinária
13.
Phys Med Biol ; 51(9): 2179-89, 2006 May 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16625034

RESUMO

Nanoparticles have drawn great attention as targeted imaging and/or therapeutic agents. The small size of the nanoparticles allows them to target cells that are beyond capillary vasculature, such as cancer cells. We investigated the effect of solid nanoparticles for enhancing ultrasonic grey scale images in tissue phantoms and mouse livers in vivo. Silica nanospheres (100 nm) were dispersed in agarose at 1-2.5% mass concentration and imaged by a high-resolution ultrasound imaging system (transducer centre frequency: 30 MHz). Polystyrene particles of different sizes (500-3000 nm) and concentrations (0.13-0.75% mass) were similarly dispersed in agarose and imaged. Mice were injected intravenously with nanoparticle suspensions in saline. B-mode images of the livers were acquired at different time points after particle injection. An automated computer program was used to quantify the grey scale changes. Ultrasonic reflections were observed from nanoparticle suspensions in agarose gels. The image brightness, i.e., mean grey scale level, increased with particle size and concentration. The mean grey scale of mouse livers also increased following particle administration. These results indicated that it is feasible to use solid nanoparticles as contrast enhancing agents for ultrasonic imaging.


Assuntos
Meios de Contraste/química , Aumento da Imagem/métodos , Fígado/diagnóstico por imagem , Nanoestruturas/química , Dióxido de Silício/química , Ultrassonografia/métodos , Animais , Estudos de Viabilidade , Camundongos , Tamanho da Partícula
14.
J Vet Intern Med ; 20(3): 544-6, 2006.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16734087

RESUMO

Greyhounds have significantly higher serum creatinine (SCr) concentration than do non-Greyhound dogs that may be attributable to differences in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). By means of plasma clearance of technetium Tc 99m diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, GFR was measured in 10 Greyhounds and 10 non-Greyhound dogs with normal findings of physical examination, CBC, serum biochemical analysis, and urinalysis. Dogs were fed the same diet for a minimum of 6 weeks before GFR data collection. Greyhounds had significantly higher mean +/- SD GFR (3.0 +/- 0.1 vs 2.5 +/- 0.2 ml/min/ kg; P = .01) and SCr concentration (1.8 +/- 0.1 vs 1.5 +/- 0.1 mg/dL; P = .03) than did non-Greyhound dogs, but the serum urea nitrogen (SUN) concentration was not significantly different (18 +/- 1 vs 18 +/- 2 mg/dL; P = .8). Therefore, the higher SCr concentration in Greyhounds is not attributable to decreased GFR, and may be associated with the high muscle mass in the breed. Healthy Greyhounds have higher GFR than do non-Greyhound dogs.


Assuntos
Cães/fisiologia , Taxa de Filtração Glomerular/veterinária , Rim/fisiologia , Animais , Nitrogênio da Ureia Sanguínea , Creatinina/sangue , Cães/sangue , Feminino , Taxa de Filtração Glomerular/fisiologia , Rim/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Linhagem , Cintilografia , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos , Pentetato de Tecnécio Tc 99m
15.
Am J Vet Res ; 67(3): 467-71, 2006 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16506909

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To determine the dimensions and volume of thyroid tissue in clinically normal cats by use of computed tomography. ANIMALS: 8 cats. PROCEDURE: Helical computed tomography images (2-mm collimation) were acquired from the cranial aspect of the second cervical vertebra through the caudal aspect of the fourth cervical vertebra. Data were acquired before contrast medium administration (n = 7 cats) and immediately after contrast medium enhancement (1 cat). Length, width, and height measurements of each thyroid lobe were made by use of transverse, dorsal, and sagittal plane images. Thyroid lobe volume was estimated by use of 3 methods. RESULTS: All thyroid lobes were histologically normal. Mean dimensions for a thyroid lobe were 16.5 x 2.00 x 4.31 mm (length x width x height) using only data from transverse images. Mean thyroid lobar volume was 113.75 mm(3) using the sum of areas method. Mean total volume of thyroid tissue was 215.25 mm(3) using the sum of areas method. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results may be useful for computed tomography evaluation of abnormal thyroid glands in cats, which warrants investigation.


Assuntos
Gatos/anatomia & histologia , Glândula Tireoide/anatomia & histologia , Tomografia Computadorizada Espiral/veterinária , Animais , Feminino , Saúde
16.
J Am Vet Med Assoc ; 258(3): 257-259, 2021 Feb 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33496622

Assuntos
Animais
17.
Can J Vet Res ; 69(4): 272-7, 2005 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16479725

RESUMO

This paper describes a simple methodology for evaluating the bacterial binding of ciprofloxacin labelled with technetium Tc 99m. Using this methodology, the binding of 99mTc-ciprofloxacin by live Escherichia coli was compared with the binding of 99mTc-ciprofloxacin by killed E. coli and the binding of 99mTc-pertechnetate (99mTcO4-) by live E. coli. The antimicrobial effect of 99mTc-ciprofloxacin on E. coli was evaluated. Four groups were defined: live E. coli with 99mTc-ciprofloxacin, live E. coli with 99mTcO4 , killed E. coli with 99mTc-ciprofloxacin, and killed E. coli with 99mTcO4-. After 0, 2, and 4 h of incubation of 1 x 10(8) colony-forming units of E. coli suspended in 5 mL of sterile distilled water with 1.85 MBq of 99mTc-ciprofloxacin or 99mTcO4, 1 mL from each sample was centrifuged. The radioactivity of the bacterial pellet and that of the supernatant were measured separately, and the percentage of sample radioactivity attributable to bacterial binding was calculated. Of the 99mTc-ciprofloxacin, 3.6% to 5.9% was bound to live or killed E. coli; only 0.1% to 0.2% of the 99mTcO4- was bound to live E. coli (P < 0.0001). No significant difference in 99mTc-ciprofloxacin binding was found between live and killed E. coli (P = 0.887). An antimicrobial effect on E. coli was seen with 99mTc-ciprofloxacin: colony counts were reduced after 4 h. The small amount of 99mTc-ciprofloxacin binding and the lack of difference in binding between live and killed E. coli may limit the utility of this methodology in evaluating the presence of E. coli infection.


Assuntos
Ciprofloxacina/análogos & derivados , Infecções por Escherichia coli/veterinária , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Doenças dos Cavalos/diagnóstico por imagem , Compostos de Organotecnécio , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos , Pertecnetato Tc 99m de Sódio , Animais , Ciprofloxacina/metabolismo , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana/métodos , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana/veterinária , Infecções por Escherichia coli/diagnóstico , Infecções por Escherichia coli/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças dos Cavalos/diagnóstico , Doenças dos Cavalos/microbiologia , Cavalos , Compostos de Organotecnécio/metabolismo , Cintilografia , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos/metabolismo , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Pertecnetato Tc 99m de Sódio/metabolismo , Fatores de Tempo
18.
Avian Dis ; 46(1): 234-8, 2002.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11922342

RESUMO

This case report examines an Arbor Acres female x Peterson male crossbred 6-wk-old female broiler chicken with four legs, two cloacae, and three ceca. The intestines occupied the caudodorsal portion of the abdominal cavity with three ceca attached to the terminal end of the ileum. The left lateral cecum was larger and had a divided distal end that terminated into 2-cm-long blind sacs. The rectum was dilated and divided into two cloacae that each opened on the dorsolateral aspect of both the right and left cloacal elevator muscles. The two extra legs were attached to the pygostyle by cartilage and skin tissue. Both femoral heads of the extraneous legs were fused together. The extra legs were smaller in size (approximately 17 cm in length) compared with the normal legs (approximately 22 cm). The femoral heads of the two normal legs were disarticulated from the acetabulum.


Assuntos
Ceco/anormalidades , Galinhas/anormalidades , Cloaca/anormalidades , Membro Posterior/anormalidades , Animais , Ceco/patologia , Galinhas/anatomia & histologia , Cloaca/patologia , Anormalidades Congênitas/patologia , Anormalidades Congênitas/veterinária , Feminino , Membro Posterior/patologia
19.
J Vet Intern Med ; 17(4): 499-509, 2003.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12892301

RESUMO

Polypoid cystitis is a rare disease of the urinary bladder in dogs characterized by inflammation, epithelial proliferation, and development of a polypoid mass or masses without histopathologic evidence of neoplasia. Medical records of 17 dogs with polypoid cystitis were reviewed to determine the clinical and laboratory features of this disorder and to assess treatment and outcome. Most affected dogs (15/17) were female and presented for evaluation of hematuria or recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI). Proteus spp were the most common bacterial isolates (12/52 or 23.1%) identified when all urine samples obtained for culture at any time during the course study were considered. Other commonly isolated organisms included Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus spp, and Enterococcus spp. Several dogs (7/17) also had cystic calculi at some time during the course of their disease. Most of the masses (11/14) were located cranioventrally in the bladder as opposed to transitional cell carcinoma, which has a predilection for the bladder neck or trigone area. It is unknown whether persistent or recurrent UTI predisposes to polyp formation or if polyps predispose to UTI. Surgery and removal of all polyps was the most efficacious treatment in dogs of this study. The question of whether or not polyps represent preneoplastic lesions remains unanswered and constitutes an area for future investigation.


Assuntos
Cistite/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Pólipos/veterinária , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/veterinária , Animais , Cistite/epidemiologia , Cistoscopia/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças do Cão/etiologia , Doenças do Cão/microbiologia , Doenças do Cão/patologia , Doenças do Cão/cirurgia , Cães , Feminino , Masculino , Ohio/epidemiologia , Pólipos/epidemiologia , Registros/veterinária , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores Sexuais , Ultrassonografia , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/epidemiologia
20.
J Vet Intern Med ; 18(3): 271-81, 2004.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15188811

RESUMO

The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostic utility of helical computed tomography (CT) for the diagnosis of ectopic ureters in the dog and to compare these findings with those of digital fluoroscopic excretory urography and digital fluoroscopic urethrography. Ureteral ectopia was confirmed or disproved based on findings from cystoscopy and exploratory surgery or postmortem examination. Of 24 dogs (20 female, 4 male) evaluated, 17 had ureteral ectopia. Digital fluoroscopic excretory urography and CT correctly identified ureteral ectopic status and site of ureteral ectopia (P < .05). Urethrography did not reliably detect ureteral ectopia. No false-positive diagnoses of ureteral ectopia were made in any of the imaging studies. Cystoscopic findings significantly agreed with findings during surgery in determining ureteral ectopic status and ectopic ureter site. One false-positive cystoscopic diagnosis of unilateral ureteral ectopia was made in a male dog. Kappa statistics showed better agreement between CT and both cystoscopy and surgical or postmortem examination findings with regard to presence and site of ureteral ectopia compared with other imaging techniques. CT was more useful than other established diagnostic imaging techniques for diagnosing canine ureteral ectopia.


Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/veterinária , Ureter/anormalidades , Doenças Ureterais/veterinária , Incontinência Urinária/veterinária , Animais , Cistoscopia/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Doenças do Cão/patologia , Doenças do Cão/cirurgia , Cães , Feminino , Masculino , Ohio/epidemiologia , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Ureter/diagnóstico por imagem , Ureter/patologia , Doenças Ureterais/diagnóstico , Incontinência Urinária/diagnóstico , Urografia/veterinária
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