RESUMO
C57BL/6 mice exhibit spontaneous cerebellar malformations consisting of heterotopic neurons and glia in the molecular layer of the posterior vermis, indicative of neuronal migration defect during cerebellar development. Recognizing that many genetically engineered (GE) mouse lines are produced from C57BL/6 ES cells or backcrossed to this strain, we performed histological analyses and found that cerebellar heterotopia were a common feature present in the majority of GE lines on this background. Furthermore, we identify GE mouse lines that will be valuable in the study of cerebellar malformations including diverse driver, reporter, and optogenetic lines. Finally, we discuss the implications that these data have on the use of C57BL/6 mice and GE mice on this background in studies of cerebellar development or as models of disease.
Assuntos
Vermis Cerebelar/anormalidades , Camundongos Transgênicos/fisiologia , Malformações do Sistema Nervoso/genética , Malformações do Sistema Nervoso/patologia , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Vermis Cerebelar/patologia , Feminino , Hipoxantina Fosforribosiltransferase/genética , Hipoxantina Fosforribosiltransferase/metabolismo , Proteínas Luminescentes/genética , Proteínas Luminescentes/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Receptor TIE-2/genética , Receptor TIE-2/metabolismo , Receptores de LDL/genética , Receptores de LDL/metabolismo , Proteína 25 Associada a Sinaptossoma/genética , Proteína 25 Associada a Sinaptossoma/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: To determine if new-onset perioperative atrial fibrillation during arthroplasty represents a benign response to intraoperative cardiac stress or is a risk factor for stroke, we evaluated the subsequent risk of ischemic stroke in patients with new-onset atrial fibrillation occurring during primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA). METHODS: Discharge data of all adult patients undergoing primary TKA or THA from 1997 to 2013 were queried via the New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System database to find patients with new-onset perioperative atrial fibrillation. These patients were then followed up over time to determine their risk of ischemic stroke. RESULTS: Of the 312,636 TKA and 215,610 THA unique patient admissions, 3646 (0.7%) had a diagnosis of new-onset perioperative atrial fibrillation. The cohort of patients with this finding was 58.9% female with an average age of 73.6 years and higher prevalence of vascular risk factors. Adjusting for validated stroke risk factors, the risk of ischemic stroke within 1 year after THA or TKA in patients with new-onset atrial fibrillation was 2.7 times higher than in those without a history of atrial fibrillation (odds ratio: 2.7, 95% confidence interval: 1.5-4.8). Hospital length of stay and charges for patients with new-onset atrial fibrillation were also greater than patients with either a prior diagnosis or no diagnosis of atrial fibrillation. CONCLUSION: New-onset atrial fibrillation during TKA and THA may indicate risk of ischemic stroke following surgery that should warrant medical follow-up and may increase hospital length of stay and charges.