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1.
J Strength Cond Res ; 38(3): 577-583, 2024 Mar 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38090983

RESUMO

ABSTRACT: Brown, G, Massard, T, Wignell, T, McCall, A, and Duffield, R. Match exposure, consecutive match number, and recovery days affect match running during international women's soccer tournaments. J Strength Cond Res 38(3): 577-583, 2024-To determine the influence of tournament-specific factors (match exposure, consecutive matches, and days between matches) on match running in women's international soccer players (footballers), 28 players from 1 national team were observed over 4 international tournaments using 10 Hz global positioning system units. Linear mixed models with a forward selection approach were used to analyze the collective effect of tournament-specific factors of match exposure (playing time), consecutive matches (count), days between matches (count) and time on pitch on relative (min -1 ) match running metrics (total distance, high-speed running, very high-speed running, accelerations, and decelerations), and the change in these metrics between halves. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Days between matches were included in the final models for total distance ( p < 0.0001), high-speed running ( p = 0.002), very high-speed running ( p = 0.025), and change in accelerations ( p < 0.0001) and decelerations ( p = 0.002). Prior match exposure was included in the models for total distance ( p = 0.021), change in total distance ( p < 0.0001), and change in high-speed running ( p = 0.0008). Consecutive match number was included in the model for deceleration ( p = 0.030), change in very high-speed running ( p = 0.016), change in acceleration ( p < 0.0001), and change in deceleration ( p < 0.0001). Time on pitch was included in the final total distance ( p = 0.044), high-speed running ( p < 0.0001), acceleration ( p < 0.0001), and deceleration ( p = 0.0003) models. Overall, reduced match running throughout tournaments was associated with increased time on pitch and ≤3 days between matches. Increasing match exposure and more time between matches minimizes reductions in match running between halves. Practitioners can use these variables to inform player monitoring during international soccer tournaments and on return to clubs.


Assuntos
Desempenho Atlético , Corrida , Futebol , Humanos , Feminino , Aceleração , Sistemas de Informação Geográfica
2.
Br J Sports Med ; 57(21): 1341-1350, 2023 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36609352

RESUMO

Several sports have published consensus statements on methods and reporting of epidemiological studies concerning injuries and illnesses with football (soccer) producing one of the first guidelines. This football-specific consensus statement was published in 2006 and required an update to align with scientific developments in the field. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) recently released a sports-generic consensus statement outlining methods for recording and reporting epidemiological data on injury and illness in sport and encouraged the development of sport-specific extensions.The Fédération Internationale de Football Association Medical Scientific Advisory Board established a panel of 16 football medicine and/or science experts, two players and one coach. With a foundation in the IOC consensus statement, the panel performed literature reviews on each included subtopic and performed two rounds of voting prior to and during a 2-day consensus meeting. The panel agreed on 40 of 75 pre-meeting and 21 of 44 meeting voting statements, respectively. The methodology and definitions presented in this comprehensive football-specific extension should ensure more consistent study designs, data collection procedures and use of nomenclature in future epidemiological studies of football injuries and illnesses regardless of setting. It should facilitate comparisons across studies and pooling of data.


Assuntos
Traumatismos em Atletas , Futebol , Humanos , Futebol/lesões , Traumatismos em Atletas/epidemiologia , Coleta de Dados , Projetos de Pesquisa
3.
J Sports Sci ; 41(21): 1906-1914, 2023 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38269550

RESUMO

Perceived confidence is an important dimension of an athlete's psychological readiness to return-to-play. However, there is no established and validated tool to evaluate confidence in professional football. This study aimed to provide preliminary evaluation of the internal structure of the Injury-Psychological Readiness to Return-to-Sport scale (I-PRRS) in a cohort of injured male professional footballers. Over an 18-month period, 29 teams from 17 leagues participated. Players sustaining injuries eliciting ≥ 3 weeks' time-loss were recruited. Cross culturally adapted to 4 further languages, the I-PRRS was administered on two occasions: 1) day before returning-to-training and 2) day before returning-to-match-play. In total, 113 injuries were recorded with 96 completed I-PRRS data sets collected. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated the I-PRRS was a unidimensional scale, with all items measuring the same construct. The scale demonstrated good internal consistency (ω = .88). When examining longitudinal invariance of the I-PRRS across administration time-points, indices of model fit supported scalar invariance. There was preliminary evidence of good internal structure for the I-PRRS in professional male footballers. However, before further research involving the I-PRRS can be endorsed, efforts to confirm or refute empirical developments pertaining to psychological readiness are necessary.


Assuntos
Lesões do Ligamento Cruzado Anterior , Traumatismos em Atletas , Futebol , Humanos , Masculino , Traumatismos em Atletas/psicologia , Análise Fatorial , Idioma , Volta ao Esporte/psicologia , Futebol/lesões
4.
J Strength Cond Res ; 37(11): 2235-2240, 2023 Nov 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37883401

RESUMO

ABSTRACT: Brown, GA, Massard, T, Wignell, T, McCall, A, and Duffield, R. Monitoring training load and wellness of female footballers transitioning between club and national teams. J Strength Cond Res 37(11): 2235-2240, 2023-This study described the change in training and match internal loads, plus perceptual wellness during the transition between club and national teams (NTs) for female international footballers (soccer). Session count, session rating of perceived exertion (s-RPE), and perceptual wellness data were collected from 42 players from 1 NT between 2019 and 2021 for 7 NT tournaments. Data were collated into 7-day (1 week) microcycles to compare the 2 weeks before the first week of NT (transition in: NT-2, NT-1, NT1); and separately from the final NT week to the next 2 weeks in clubs (transition out: NTFinal, NT+1, NT+2). Data were analyzed using linear mixed-models, with session count, s-RPE or wellness as the outcome variable, week as the fixed effect, player name, and tournament as random effects. Tukey's adjusted post-hoc comparisons and Cohen's d effect sizes (ES) were compared between weeks. Significance level was set at p < 0.05. During the transition into NT, training and total session counts increased (p < 0.0001, ES > 0.67), training s-RPE increased (p = 0.012, ES = 0.35), whereas match count and s-RPE decreased (p < 0.05, ES < -0.34). During the transition out of NT, there were decreases in training session count (p < 0.05, ES < -0.37), match count, and total session count (p < 0.0001, ES < -0.86), and match and total s-RPE (p < 0.0001, ES < -0.63). Perceived wellness was not significantly different throughout (p > 0.05, ES = -0.34 to 0.35). Thus, training and match exposures differ between club and NTs, demonstrating these unique transitional periods require simple and effective load monitoring to inform training and recovery prescription when changing between club and NTs.


Assuntos
Esforço Físico , Futebol , Humanos , Feminino , Modelos Lineares
5.
Br J Sports Med ; 55(8): 416, 2021 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33097528

RESUMO

Football is a global game which is constantly evolving, showing substantial increases in physical and technical demands. Nutrition plays a valuable integrated role in optimising performance of elite players during training and match-play, and maintaining their overall health throughout the season. An evidence-based approach to nutrition emphasising, a 'food first' philosophy (ie, food over supplements), is fundamental to ensure effective player support. This requires relevant scientific evidence to be applied according to the constraints of what is practical and feasible in the football setting. The science underpinning sports nutrition is evolving fast, and practitioners must be alert to new developments. In response to these developments, the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) has gathered experts in applied sports nutrition research as well as practitioners working with elite football clubs and national associations/federations to issue an expert statement on a range of topics relevant to elite football nutrition: (1) match day nutrition, (2) training day nutrition, (3) body composition, (4) stressful environments and travel, (5) cultural diversity and dietary considerations, (6) dietary supplements, (7) rehabilitation, (8) referees and (9) junior high-level players. The expert group provide a narrative synthesis of the scientific background relating to these topics based on their knowledge and experience of the scientific research literature, as well as practical experience of applying knowledge within an elite sports setting. Our intention is to provide readers with content to help drive their own practical recommendations. In addition, to provide guidance to applied researchers where to focus future efforts.


Assuntos
Desempenho Atlético/fisiologia , Dieta Saudável , Política Nutricional , Futebol/fisiologia , Traumatismos em Atletas/reabilitação , Composição Corporal , Comportamento Competitivo/fisiologia , Diversidade Cultural , Suplementos Nutricionais , Meio Ambiente , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Necessidades Nutricionais , Condicionamento Físico Humano/fisiologia , Viagem
6.
J Sports Sci ; 39(17): 1926-1935, 2021 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33787453

RESUMO

Overuse injuries account for a substantial part of sport injury incidence among athletes of various sports and levels. Despite the gradual onset of symptoms, athletes often persevere in training and competing. The present exploratory study aimed to identify a psychological risk profile for overuse injury. One hundred and forty-nine athletes competing in various sports responded to a range of questionnaires measuring the following psychological variables: negative life stress, perfectionistic concerns, perfectionistic strivings, athletic identity, and the coach-athlete relationship. Participants subsequently answered the OSTRC Overuse Injury Questionnaire on a weekly basis during a 10-week period. Using a latent profile analysis, athletes were classified into three latent profiles regarding their psychological characteristics. Athletes in the second profile, characterized by a combination of high athletic identity, perfectionistic concerns and negative life stress and poor coach-athlete relationship, were found to be significantly more often affected by overuse injuries (74% of the time) than individuals in the two other profiles (52% and 48% of the time, respectively). In conclusion, psychological factors may contribute to the risk of overuse injuries through complex interactions (i.e. accounting for interdependencies within a specific configuration of variables) rather than through their independent influences.


Assuntos
Atletas/psicologia , Traumatismos em Atletas/epidemiologia , Transtornos Traumáticos Cumulativos/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Traumatismos em Atletas/psicologia , Transtornos Traumáticos Cumulativos/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Relações Interpessoais , Masculino , Perfeccionismo , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Estresse Psicológico , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto Jovem
7.
J Sports Sci ; 39(16): 1850-1859, 2021 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33840362

RESUMO

This study investigated the variability in the worst-case scenario (WCS) and suggested a framework to improve the definition and guide further investigation. Optical tracking data from 26 male players across 38 matches were analysed to determine the WCS for total distance, high-speed running (>5.5 m.s-1) and sprinting (>7.0 m.s-1) using a 3-minute rolling window. Position, total output, previous epoch, match half, time of occurrence, classification of starter vs substitute, and minutes played were modelled as selected contextual factors hypothesized to have associations with the WCS. Linear mixed effects models were used to account for cross-sectional observations and repeated measures. Unexplained variance remained high (total distance R2 = 0.53, high-speed running R2 = 0.53 and sprinting R2 = 0.40). Intra-individual variability was also high (total distance CV = 4.6-8.2%; high-speed CV = 15.6-37.8% and Sprinting CV = 21.1-76.4%). The WCS defined as the maximal physical load in a given time-window, produces unstable metrics lacking context, with high variability. Furthermore, training drills targetting this metric concurrently across players may not have representative designs and may underprepare athletes for complete match demands and multifaceted WCS scenarios. Using WCS as benchmarks (reproducing similar physical activity for training purposes) is conceptually questionable.


Assuntos
Desempenho Atlético , Corrida , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Jovem , Desempenho Atlético/fisiologia , Estudos Transversais , Sistemas de Informação Geográfica , Estudos Retrospectivos , Corrida/fisiologia
8.
J Strength Cond Res ; 33(11): 2897-2904, 2019 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31453942

RESUMO

Fullagar, HHK, Harper, LD, Govus, A, McCunn, R, Eisenmann, J, and McCall, A. Practitioner perceptions of evidence-based practice in elite sport in the United States of America. J Strength Cond Res 33(11): 2897-2904, 2019-Practitioners' perceptions regarding the use and effectiveness of research evidence in sport is not well understood. The purpose of the present study was to examine practitioners' perceptions around the use, implementation, and barriers to evidence-based practice (EBP) in sport science in the United States of America (USA). A survey (28 items) was completed by 67 full-time staff who were a physical performance team member employed by universities or professional sporting organizations in the USA. Questions included the use of research, contribution of research areas, barriers to accessing and implementing EBP, and methods of feedback to the coach and players. All respondents (100%) stated they used research evidence in their performance/training program, ranking research as contributing most (largest contribution = 1 to smallest contribution = 4) to individualized preparation or recovery recommendations (1.98 ± 1.02). The top 3 preferred sources of information were "peer-reviewed research" (100% of respondents), "conferences/seminars" (76%), and "practitioners within your sport" (63%). Commonly reported perceived barriers between accessing and implementing research were "lack of staff" (accessing = 33%, implementing = 46%) "time" (accessing = 38%, implementing = 48%) and nonapplicable research (accessing = 33%, implementing = 37%), whereas "poor player compliance" was a clear barrier to implementing EBP (56%). Practitioners most preferred, and actual, method of feedback for coaching staff (87% for both) and players (94 and 95%, respectively) was "informal conversations/speaking." Improved access to educational and financial resources, increased integration of staff in coach settings and understanding of player/coach contexts may help to alleviate barriers to EBP.


Assuntos
Prática Clínica Baseada em Evidências , Medicina Esportiva/métodos , Adulto , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pesquisa , Esportes , Inquéritos e Questionários , Estados Unidos
10.
Br J Sports Med ; 52(23): 1517-1522, 2018 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29626055

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Internal workload (ie, from training and matches) is considered one of the most important injury risk factors for elite European football teams, however there is little published evidence to support this belief. OBJECTIVE: We examined the association and predictive power of internal workload and non-contact injuries. METHODS: Five elite European teams, 171 players (age: 25.1±4.9 years; height: 181.6±6.7 cm; body mass: 77.5±7.2 kg) participated over one full competitive season. Using the session-rating of perceived exertion (s-RPE) method player's internal workloads were calculated for acute week, week-to-week changes, cumulated weeks, chronic weeks and acute:chronic ratios and analysed for association with non-contact injury (using generalised estimating equations (GEE)). Associated variables from GEE analysis were categorised into very low to very high workload zones and checked for increased relative risks (RRs). Associated workload variables were also analysed for predictive power (receiver operating characteristics). RESULTS: Acute:chronic workload ratios at 1:3 and 1:4 weeks were associated with non-contact injury (P<0.05). Specifically, a greater risk of injury was found for players with an acute:chronic workload at 1:4 weeks of 0.97 to 1.38 (RR 1.68; 95% CI 1.02 to 2.78, likely harmful) and >1.38 (RR 2.13; 95% CI 1.21 to 3.77, very likely harmful) compared with players whose acute:chronic workload was 0.60 to 0.97. An acute:chronic workload 1:3 of >1.42 compared with 0.59 to 0.97 displayed a 1.94 times higher risk of injury (RR 1.90; 95% CI 1.08 to 3.36, very likely harmful). Importantly, acute:chronic workload at both 1:4 and 1:3 showed poor predictive power (area under the curve 0.53 to 0.58) despite previous reports and beliefs that it can predict injury. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence for the acute:chronic internal workload (measured using s-RPE) as a risk factor for non-contact injury in elite European footballers. However the acute:chronic workload, in isolation, should not be used to predict non-contact injury.


Assuntos
Traumatismos em Atletas/epidemiologia , Futebol/lesões , Carga de Trabalho , Adulto , Humanos , Condicionamento Físico Humano , Fatores de Risco , Adulto Jovem
11.
J Strength Cond Res ; 31(1): 115-125, 2017 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27227793

RESUMO

Abaïdia, A-E, Delecroix, B, Leduc, C, Lamblin, J, McCall, A, Baquet, G, and Dupont, G. Effects of a strength training session after an exercise inducing muscle damage on recovery kinetics. J Strength Cond Res 31(1): 115-125, 2017-The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an upper-limb strength training session the day after an exercise inducing muscle damage on recovery of performance. In a randomized crossover design, subjects performed the day after the exercise, on 2 separate occasions (passive vs. active recovery conditions) a single-leg exercise (dominant in one condition and nondominant in the other condition) consisting of 5 sets of 15 eccentric contractions of the knee flexors. Active recovery consisted of performing an upper-body strength training session the day after the exercise. Creatine kinase, hamstring strength, and muscle soreness were assessed immediately and 20, 24, and 48 hours after exercise-induced muscle damage. The upper-body strength session, after muscle-damaging exercise accelerated the recovery of slow concentric force (effect size = 0.65; 90% confidence interval = -0.06 to 1.32), but did not affect the recovery kinetics for the other outcomes. The addition of an upper-body strength training session the day after muscle-damaging activity does not negatively affect the recovery kinetics. Upper-body strength training may be programmed the day after a competition.


Assuntos
Força Muscular/fisiologia , Músculo Esquelético/lesões , Mialgia/fisiopatologia , Treinamento Resistido/métodos , Adulto , Creatina Quinase/sangue , Estudos Cross-Over , Teste de Esforço , Humanos , Cinética , Masculino , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica , Adulto Jovem
12.
Br J Sports Med ; 50(12): 725-30, 2016 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26795611

RESUMO

PURPOSE: (1) To quantify current practice at the most elite level of professional club football in Europe with regard to injury prevention strategy; (2) to describe player adherence and coach compliance to the overall injury prevention programme. METHODS: A structured online survey was administered to the Head medical officers of 34 elite European teams currently participating in the UEFA Elite Club Injury Study. The survey had 4 sections; (1) risk factors for injury, (2) assessment and monitoring of injury risk, (3) prevention strategies and (4) coach compliance and player adherence to the injury prevention process. RESULTS: 33 (97%) Medical officers of the teams responded. The most important perceived injury risk factor was previous injury. Four of the top 6 risk factors-physical fitness, accumulated fatigue, reduced recovery time between matches and training load-were related to player workload. The top 3 preventative exercises were eccentric, balance/proprioception and core training. Regarding monitoring, the top 3 tools implemented were measurement of workload, subjective wellness and a general medical screen. The subjectively rated level of coach compliance in UEFA teams was perceived as 'high', while the player adherence varied from none at all to perfect. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION: Medical officers place importance on workload-related variables as risk factors for injury in elite European football players. A lack of consistently high player adherence may limit the effects of contemporary injury prevention programmes in elite European footballers.


Assuntos
Futebol/lesões , Medicina Esportiva/normas , Traumatismos em Atletas/prevenção & controle , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Competência Clínica/normas , Europa (Continente) , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , Cooperação do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Medição de Risco
13.
Br J Sports Med ; 50(12): 764-8, 2016 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26682867

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The effect of fixture congestion on injury rates and patterns has received scarce attention in elite football and existing investigations have not accounted for player rotation or examined the temporal distribution and potential cause of injuries. AIM: To prospectively investigate the epidemiology of injury during short periods of fixture congestion in a professional football club. METHODS: Over a six-season period, exposure time and injury data were compared in the same players (n=25 (14 individuals)) when participating in two frequently occurring short congested fixture cycles in comparison to match-play outside these cycles. (1) two successive matches separated by an interval totalling ≤3 days calculated immediately from the end of play in match 1 to the beginning of play in match 2; (2) three successive matches separated by ≤4-day intervals starting the day immediately after each match. RESULTS: In two-match congestion cycles, incidence rate ratios (IRR) showed that there was a higher risk of injury in the final 15 min of play in the second match in comparison to match-play outside the cycles (IRR: 3.1 (95% CI 1.1 to 9.3), p=0.0400). A greater risk of injury overall (IRR: 2.0 (95% CI 1.1 to 3.8), p=0.0345) and in the first-half of play (2.6 (1.1 to 6,5), p=0.0386), and risk of ankle sprains (10.4 (95% CI 1.9 to 57.9), p=0.0068) and non-contact injuries due to a 'change in direction' (IRR: 7.8 (1.3 to 46.8), p=0.0243) were observed in the final match of three-match congestion cycles in comparison to match-play outside the cycles. CONCLUSIONS: Injury rates and patterns were affected in the same elite football players when competing in short congested fixture cycles in comparison to match-play outside the cycles.


Assuntos
Futebol/lesões , Traumatismos em Atletas/etiologia , Traumatismos em Atletas/fisiopatologia , Desempenho Atlético/fisiologia , França/epidemiologia , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Volta ao Esporte/fisiologia , Fatores de Risco , Entorses e Distensões/epidemiologia , Entorses e Distensões/fisiopatologia
15.
J Sports Sci ; 34(24): 2215-2223, 2016 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27144879

RESUMO

This study investigated variability in competitive high-speed running performance in an elite soccer team. A semi-automated tracking system quantified running performance in 12 players over a season (median 17 matches per player, 207 observations). Variability [coefficient of variation (CV)] was compared for total sprint distance (TSD, >25.2 km/h), high-speed running (HSR, 19.8-25.2 km/h), total high-speed running (THSR, ≥19.8 km/h); THSR when the team was in and out of ball possession, in individual ball possession, in the peak 5 min activity period; and distance run according to individual maximal aerobic speed (MAS). Variability for % declines in THSR and distance covered at ≥80% MAS across halves, at the end of play (final 15 min vs. mean for all 15 min periods) and transiently (5 min period following peak 5 min activity period), was analysed. Collectively, variability was higher for TSD versus HSR and THSR and lowest for distance run at ≥80% MAS (CVs: 37.1%, 18.1%, 19.8% and 11.8%). THSR CVs when the team was in/out of ball possession, in individual ball possession and during the peak 5 min period were 31.5%, 26.1%, 60.1% and 23.9%. Variability in THSR declines across halves, at the end of play and transiently, ranged from 37.1% to 142.6%, while lower CVs were observed in these metrics for running at ≥80% MAS (20.9-53.3%).These results cast doubt on the appropriateness of general measures of high-speed activity for determining variability in an elite soccer team, although individualisation of HSR thresholds according to fitness characteristics might provide more stable indicators of running performance and fatigue occurrence.


Assuntos
Fadiga/etiologia , Resistência Física , Corrida , Futebol , Análise e Desempenho de Tarefas , Adulto , Atletas , Desempenho Atlético , Comportamento Competitivo , Humanos , Adulto Jovem
16.
Br J Sports Med ; 49(9): 583-9, 2015 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25576530

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To systematically review the scientific level of evidence for the 'Top 3' risk factors, screening tests and preventative exercises identified by a previously published survey of 44 premier league football (soccer) teams. Also, to provide an overall scientific level of evidence and graded recommendation based on the current research literature. METHODS: A systematic literature search (Pubmed [MEDLINE], SportDiscus, PEDRO and Cochrane databases). The quality of the articles was assessed and a level of evidence (1++ to 4) was assigned. Level 1++ corresponded to the highest level of evidence available and 4, the lowest. A graded recommendation (A: strong, B: moderate, C: weak, D: insufficient evidence to assign a specific recommendation) for use in the practical setting was given. RESULTS: Fourteen studies were analysed. The overall level of evidence for the risk factors previous injury, fatigue and muscle imbalance were 2++, 4 and 'inconclusive', respectively. The graded recommendation for functional movement screen, psychological questionnaire and isokinetic muscle testing were all 'D'. Hamstring eccentric had a weak graded 'C' recommendation, and eccentric exercise for other body parts was 'D'. Balance/proprioception exercise to reduce ankle and knee sprain injury was assigned a graded recommendation 'D'. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of perceptions and practices of premier league teams have a low level of evidence and low graded recommendation. This does not imply that these perceptions and practices are not important or not valid, as it may simply be that they are yet to be sufficiently validated or refuted by research.


Assuntos
Futebol/lesões , Traumatismos em Atletas/prevenção & controle , Diagnóstico Precoce , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Terapia por Exercício/métodos , Fadiga/etiologia , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , Força Muscular/fisiologia , Músculo Esquelético/lesões , Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia , Equilíbrio Postural/fisiologia , Propriocepção/fisiologia , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Inquéritos e Questionários
17.
Br J Sports Med ; 49(9): 603-8, 2015 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25878078

RESUMO

PURPOSE: The available scientific research regarding injury prevention practices in international football is sparse. The purpose of this study was to quantify current practice with regard to (1) injury prevention of top-level footballers competing in an international tournament, and (2) determine the main challenges and issues faced by practitioners in these national teams. METHODS: A survey was administered to physicians of the 32 competing national teams at the FIFA 2014 World Cup. The survey included 4 sections regarding perceptions and practices concerning non-contact injuries: (1) risk factors, (2) screening tests and monitoring tools, (3) preventative strategies and (4) reflection on their experience at the World Cup. RESULTS: Following responses from all teams (100%), the present study revealed the most important intrinsic (previous injury, accumulated fatigue, agonist:antagonist muscle imbalance) and extrinsic (reduced recovery time, training load prior to and during World Cup, congested fixtures) risk factors during the FIFA 2014 World Cup. The 5 most commonly used tests for risk factors were: flexibility, fitness, joint mobility, balance and strength; monitoring tools commonly used were: medical screen, minutes/matches played, subjective and objective wellness, heart rate and biochemical markers. The 5 most important preventative exercises were: flexibility, core, combined contractions, balance and eccentric. CONCLUSIONS: The present study showed that many of the National football (soccer) teams' injury prevention perceptions and practices follow a coherent approach. There remains, however, a lack of consistent research findings to support some of these perceptions and practices.


Assuntos
Futebol/lesões , Medicina Esportiva , Traumatismos em Atletas/prevenção & controle , Atitude Frente a Saúde , Competência Clínica/normas , Terapia por Exercício/métodos , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Padrões de Prática Médica , Fatores de Risco
18.
J Sports Sci ; 33(20): 2116-24, 2015.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26460635

RESUMO

This study investigated exposure to periods of match congestion in regular starter players in a professional soccer team across 4 competitive seasons (2009-2013). Players were divided into 2 groups: club players (club match exposure only, n = 41) and national team players (club and national team exposure, n = 22). The frequency of congested periods that players were potentially exposed to per season was initially determined: 2-match cycles - potential exposure to 2 successive matches separated by a ≤ 3-day interval calculated immediately from the end of play in match 1 to the start of play in match 2 occurred on 12.5 ± 5.1 and 16.0 ± 4.7 occasions for club and national team players, respectively. Multiple-match cycles: potential exposure to 3-, 4-, 5- or 6-matches played successively within a ≤ 4-day period commencing from the day after each match occurred on 8.5 ± 2.1, 4.3 ± 1.7, 3.0 ± 0.8 and 1.8 ± 0.5 occasions for club and 11.5 ± 2.4, 6.5 ± 0.6, 4.5 ± 1.9 and 3.0 ± 1.4 occasions for national team players, respectively. With regard to actual exposure in club and national team players, respectively, participation in both matches in 2-match cycles attained 61.2% and 59.3% while 90-min play in both matches was only completed on 38.2% and 40.5% of occasions and ≥75-min play on 47.6% and 50.0% of occasions, despite availability to play in both groups being >86%. While availability to play in all players was frequently >70% for multiple-match cycles, a trend was observed for a sharp decline in participation as the number of matches in the cycles increased. Therefore, the present players were not extensively exposed to periods of fixture congestion.


Assuntos
Desempenho Atlético/fisiologia , Comportamento Competitivo/fisiologia , Futebol/fisiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Estações do Ano , Futebol/lesões , Fatores de Tempo
19.
J Sports Sci ; 33(17): 1751-7, 2015.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25751636

RESUMO

This study investigated the impact of in-season national team duty on injury rates and player availability in a professional soccer club. Time-loss injuries and exposure time during club and national team duties were recorded prospectively over 5 seasons (2009-2014). A time-loss injury was sustained by 37.7% of squad members participating in national duty, all injuries occurring in match-play. The incidence (per 1000 h exposure) for national team player match-play injuries did not differ (P = 0.608) to that for all players in club competitions: 48.0 (95% CI 20.9-75.5) vs. 41.9 (95% CI 36.5-47.4), incidence rate ratio = 1.2 (CI: 0.8-2.4). The majority (58%) of national team injuries resulted in a layoff ≤1 week. Of all working days lost to injury generally, 5.2% were lost through injury on national duty. Injury incidence in the week following national duty was comparable (P = 0.818) in players participating or not: 7.8 (95% CI 3.6-12.0) vs. 7.1 (95% CI: 4.6-9.6), incidence rate ratio = 1.1 (CI: 0.7-2.7). While approximately 40% of participating players incurred a time-loss injury on national duty, no training injuries were sustained and injuries made up a negligible part of overall club working days lost to injury. Following duty, players had a similar injury risk to peers without national obligations.


Assuntos
Futebol/lesões , Traumatismos em Atletas/epidemiologia , Comportamento Competitivo/fisiologia , Fadiga/complicações , França/epidemiologia , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Estações do Ano
20.
J Sports Sci ; 33(12): 1298-304, 2015.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25845799

RESUMO

This study aimed (1) to determine the reliability of a simple and quick test to assess isometric posterior lower limb muscle force in professional football players and (2) verify its sensitivity to detect reductions in force following a competitive match. Twenty-nine professional football players performed a 3-s maximal isometric contraction of the posterior lower limb muscles for both legs with players lying supine. Both legs were tested using a knee angle of 90° and 30° measured on a force plate. Players were tested twice with one week between sessions to verify reliability. Sensitivity was tested following a full competitive football match. The test showed high reliability for dominant leg at 90° (CV = 4.3%, ICC = 0.95, ES = 0.15), non-dominant leg at 90° (CV = 5.4%, ICC = 0.95, ES = 0.14), and non-dominant leg at 30° (CV = 4.8%, ICC = 0.93, ES = 0.30) and good reliability for dominant leg at 30° (CV = 6.3%, ICC = 0.86, ES = 0.05). The measure was sensitive enough to detect reductions in force for dominant leg at 90° (P = 0.0006, ES > 1), non-dominant leg at 90° (P = 0.0142, ES = 1), and non-dominant leg at 30° (P = 0.0064, ES > 1) and for dominant leg at 30° (P = 0.0016, ES > 1). In conclusion, the present test represents a useful and practical field tool to determine the magnitude of match-induced fatigue of the posterior lower limb muscles and potentially to track their recovery.


Assuntos
Teste de Esforço/métodos , Contração Isométrica , Perna (Membro)/fisiologia , Força Muscular/fisiologia , Futebol/fisiologia , Adolescente , Comportamento Competitivo/fisiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Fadiga Muscular/fisiologia , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Fatores de Risco , Adulto Jovem
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