Measured Submersion Times in Underwater Hockey Are Inconsistent With Its Classification as an Extreme Apneic Sport.

Underwater hockey (UWH) is a sport played at the bottom of a pool without the use of breathing devices such as scuba equipment. It has been classified as an extreme apneic sport based on perceptions of prolonged underwater submersion times during play. This study measured 2000 submersion times during UWH games and compared the average measured submersion times to estimates by UWH players and aquatics directors. The average measured submersion time was 11.0 seconds (SD:3.7) with a range of 4 to 27 seconds, but aquatics directors' estimates were over 100 percent longer (22.7 seconds). While observed active drop times typically lasted for 12.1 seconds (SD: 3.7), observed drop times with no puck lasted on average 9.3 seconds (SD:3.0). When compared to director and player estimates, actual/observed drop times were significantly (p<0.05) lower for overall drop times, active drop times, and drop times without a puck. The average submersion times measured in this study more closely resembled competitive swimming, a breathing-controlled sport, and contradicted lay press reports of routine submersion for one to three minutes, which implies a risk for a hypoxic blackout. The results of this study may mitigate safety concerns about UWH as a high-risk sport for a hypoxic blackout.

Novel use of 308-nm excimer laser to treat a primary cutaneous CD30+ lymphoproliferative nodule.

CD30+ cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders, the second most common cutaneous T cell lymphoma after mycosis fungoides, represent a spectrum of conditions ranging from lymphomatoid papulosis to borderline CD30+ lesions to anaplastic large-cell lymphoma. We report the case of a solitary cutaneous CD30+ lymphoproliferative nodule that was successfully treated with a 308-nm excimer laser. Our findings suggest that the 308-nm excimer laser may be a safe, effective, and well-tolerated therapy for primary localized CD30+ cutaneous lymphoproliferative lesions.

Treatment of mycosis fungoides using a 308-nm excimer laser: two case studies.

Early-stage mycosis fungoides (MF) is most commonly treated with skin-directed therapies such as topical steroids, phototherapy (broadband or narrowband UVB), photochemotherapy (psoralen plus UVA), topical nitrogen mustard, and total skin electron-beam irradiation. Recently, several small studies have demonstrated the efficacy of the 308-nm excimer laser in the treatment of early-stage MF. This xenon-chloride laser, which emits monochromatic excimer light at the 308-nm wavelength, has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration to treat psoriasis since 1997 and to treat vitiligo since 2001. We report two patients in which patch-stage MF was treated with a 308-nm excimer laser. Our findings confirm previous observations that the 308-nm excimer laser is a safe, effective, and well-tolerated therapy for early stage MF.