[Elemental composition of aqueous humour and blood serum at various levels of intraocular pressure]. / Elementnyi sostav vlagi perednei kamery i syvorotki krovi pri razlichnom urovne vnutriglaznogo davleniya.

AIM: To conduct a comparative study of element concentrations in the aqueous humour of human eye and blood serum at various levels of intraocular pressure (IOP). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The chemical composition of biological fluids was studied in two equal groups (33 patients/33 eyes each): group 1 - primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) with decompensated IOP and group 2 - normal IOP (the controls). Sampling of the aqueous humour and blood was done during surgical procedures, namely, penetrating glaucoma surgery (group 1) and cataract phacoemulsification (group 2). Blood was taken from the cubital vein and centrifuged to obtain the supernatant for further analysis. The samples were studied with Zeiss EVO LS10 scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with Oxford X-Max50 energy dispersive spectrometer. RESULTS: In both groups, regardless of the IOP level, Na and K concentrations were found to be constantly higher in the aqueous humour than the blood serum. The ratio of Na concentrations in the aqueous humour and serum (measured in mmol/l) was 1.51/1.30 at normal IOP and 1.49/1.31 at decompensated IOP. The ratio of K concentrations was 0.11/0.03 and 0.12/0.03, respectively. Concentrations of N and S in the aqueous humour were higher in the group with decompensated IOP. CONCLUSION: Regardless of the IOP level, Na and K concentrations were found to be constantly higher in the aqueous humour than the blood serum. IOP elevation was accompanied by an increase in N and S concentrations in the aqueous humour.

[Expected epidemic risk from the minimum drinking water content of protozoan agents of enteric parasitic diseases].

The paper presents information on lambliasis and cryptosporidiosis outbreaks associated with drinking water contamination-associated. It discusses a risk for the emergence of mass outbreaks of lambliasis and cryptosporidiosis among the population of the municipalities of administrative district centers and other human settlements, which are to exercise sanitary and parasitological control over the quality of water of its centralized drinking supply. The significance of this water contamination by lamblia cysts and cryptosporidium oocysts is considered. Calculations are given to predict an epidemic risk and possible ways of its prevention.

[The role of the water factor in the dissemination of Toxocara eggs and the spread of toxocariasis in a megalopolis]. / Rol' vodnogo faktora v rasseivanii iaits Toxocara i rasprostranenii toksokaroza v usloviiakh megapolisa.

The water factor in transfer of the activators toxocariasis was not taken into account by parasitologists earlier. Yet in the urbanized ecosystems (first of all--in the megalopolis) it can have rather appreciable importance in distribution of toxocariasis in animals and man. Our researches which have been carried out in reservoirs of Moscow with the "wild" and the "organized" beaches, have revealed various, but as a whole their significant, of contaminations by invasion eggs Toxocara (Toxocara canis, T. mistax, and Toxascaris leonina). It specifies an opportunity of their hit in organism of the man and, as a consequence--toxocariasis. The examination of the patients toxocariasis of the people (first of all of children at the age of 3-10 years) have confirmed the fact of their bathing and involuntary swallow of water in urban unflowing reservoirs. In ecosystems of the megalopolis at a high level of parasite of pollution increased superinvasion of dogs and cats and free access of animals to internal reservoirs--the risk of infection of the people toxocariasis gradually grows.

[Cases of myiasis in man. Variants in the clinical course]. / Sluchai miazov u cheloveka. Varianty klinicheskogo techeniia.

The paper presents clinical notes of human myases of different clinical pictures. It shows the prolonged (above 6 months) course of myases caused by parasitic gadfly larvae, resulting in severe organ lesions which are reversible. The treatment of myases is discussed.

[An analysis of the results of clinical trials of praziquantel analogs in intestinal cestode and trematode infections. 2. The treatment of liver trematode infections (opisthorchiasis, fascioliasis) and schistosomiasis]. / Analiz rezul'tatov klinicheskikh ispytanii analogov prazikvantelia pri kishechnykh tsestodozakh i trematodozakh. Soobshchenie 2. Lechenie trematodozov pecheni (opistorkhoz i fastsiolez) i shistosomozov.

The authors did not detect any differences in the efficacies and tolerance of praziquantel analogs manufactured by various firms (azinox, Russia; pikitor, China; cesol, cisticide, biltricide, Bayer, Merk, Germany, India). These drugs were found highly effective in opisthorchiasis (87.8%) and schistosomiasis (91.7%) and ineffective in fascioliasis. The efficacy and tolerance of azinox, a drug manufactured in this country, was similar to those of its foreign analogs.

[An analysis of the results of clinical trials of praziquantel analogs in intestinal cestode and trematode infections. 1. The treatment of intestinal cestode infections (diphyllobothriasis, taeniasis, hymenolepiasis)]. / Analiz rezul'tatov klinicheskikh ispytanii analogov prazikvantelia pri kishechnykh tsestodozakh i trematodozakh. 1. Lechenie kishechnykh tsestodozov (difillobrotrioz, teniidozy, gimenolepidoz).

The studies have demonstrated a high efficacy of prasiquantel in therapy of enteric cestodiases. No differences in the efficacy and tolerance of prasiquantel analogs manufactured by various pharmaceutic firms (azinox, CIS; pikiton, China; biltricide, Bayer, India; cesol, Merk, India; cisticide, Merk India) were detected. Prasiquantel single dose (15 mg/kg) efficacies in diphyllobothriasis, taeniarhynchiasis, and taeniasis made up 91.4, 98.5, and 100%, respectively. In hymenolepiasis the efficacy of a total dose (40 and 50 mg/kg given twice with a 10-day interval) was 88.9%.

[The characteristics of diphyllobothriasis foci in the Pur River basin (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug)]. / Osobennosti ochagov difillobotriozov v basseine reki Pur (Iamalo-Nenetskii avtonomnyi okrug).

Diphyllobothriases are spread in the population of the Pur River basin unevenly. The population on the lower Pur is affected little, but that on the upper Pur and its tributaries is affected much more. This is largely accounted for by what fishes are prevalent in the diet of the local population and how they consume fish. In the past 30 years, the infection of fish with Diphyllobothrium latum larvae and the prevalence of the population's infection have reduced in some areas of the Pur River basin. Among other things, this is associated with man-made impacts on the local water reservoirs (development of areas, gas extraction, etc.), which influences the first and second intermediate D.latum hosts.

[Helminthiasis morbidity in an organized pediatric population in one of the regions of the Far North]. / Porazhennost' gel'mintozami organizovannogo detskogo naseleniia v odnom iz raionov Krainego Severa.

In 1991-1992, higher affection rates of diphyllobothriasis and enterobiasis were notified in some groups of the organized children living on the Pur River (the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug). The children are infected by Diphyllobothrium in infancy, the risk of infection is rather high, reinfections are observed. Among other things, this makes it necessary to perform systematic educational studies among the population in their different forms.

[Subcellular reaction to cerebral hypoxia]. / Subkletochnaia reaktsiia pri gipoksii golovnogo mozga.

Compensatory-adaptive reaction of the brain to hypoxia depends on destructive and reparative processes developing in neuronal and glial elements. A drastic tension and reconstruction of the energy apparatus--mitochondria occurs, as well as reversible disturbances in informative connections between the nucleus and cytoplasm and between nerve fibers and synapses. As a result, structural-functional activity of organells decreases along with changes in metabolic processes. Destructive processes in oligodendroglia, at all stages of the experiment, are more pronounced than in neurons. Preliminary injection of hydroxybutyric acid to the animals preserves the cellular energy potential under hypoxia, that is evident from the lack of severe alterations in mitochondria and other organells. Mechanisms of the adaptive-compensatory reaction in cortical neurons under hypoxia are connected with tension and reconstruction of all organells of the brain cellular elements and with biochemical shifts of lactate dehydrogenase enzymes.