Double recurrence of group B streptococcus bacteremia in an immunocompetent infant.

We report an immunocompetent infantile case wherein group B streptococcus bacteremia recurred two times. The isolated bacteria which colonized in his nasopharyngeal cavity might be a source of repetitive infection. Although the best action has not been established yet, penicillin G as the prophylaxis seemed to be effective in this case.

[A trial of hierarchical cluster analysis of hospitalized wheezy infants and young children based on clinical factors].

BACKGROUND: It has been estimated that there are several phenotypes constituting wheezy infants, in addition to true asthma. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is categorized wheezy infants and young children by cluster analysis and to turn out of categorized frequency. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study included 53 subjects aged less than 2 years old who were admitted with wheezy exacerbation. Based on clinical factors, we classified these subjects into several clinical phenotypes using cluster analysis. RESULTS: The following four phenotypes were identified; cluster 1: almost all were exacerbated by RSV infection without previous wheezy episodes; cluster 2: almost all were younger, males, without previous wheezy episodes, sensitized to allergens and parental asthma, who tended to be exposed to passive smoke and have no siblings; cluster 3: almost all were slightly older males with recurrent wheezy episodes who tended to be sensitized to various allergens; cluster 4: almost all were younger females with exposure to passive-smoke, whose mother or father has a history of asthma. Cluster 4 patients tended to attend a day-care center and to be exclusively breast-fed. CONCLUSION: Although this study covers only a limited number of subjects, cluster analysis is a new and useful method of categorizing heterogeneous wheezy infants and young children. Further analysis may establish clinical classifications of these patients.

A case of urinary tract infection caused by Kluyvera ascorbata in an infant: case report and review of the literature.

We experienced a case of urinary tract infection in a 3-month-old child caused by Kluyvera ascorbata. The authors report the case and review the literature regarding Kluyvera urinary tract infection exclusively in children. Kluyvera infection, which had been extremely rare, has increasingly been reported, including urinary tract infection. A prompt identification of Kluyvera species in clinical infections is important. Recognition of its disease-producing potential and the subsequent initiation of effective antimicrobial coverage are essential for appropriate management in the pediatric population.

[Relation of the time course of Japanese Pediatric Asthma Control Test (JPAC) and Childhood Asthma Control Test (C-ACT) score with respiratory function and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO)].

BACKGROUND AND OBJECT: Two major convenient questionnaires of asthma control in childhood, Japanese Pediatric Asthma Control Program (JPAC) and Childhood Asthma Control Test (C-ACT) have been available in Japan. The aim of this study is to evaluate relationship of two questionnaires in terms of the changes of respiratory function and fractional nitric oxide (FENO) in each individual. SUBJECT AND METHODS: The 102 samples from patients with asthma aged 6 to 11 years old and their parents' answers for the two questionnaires at regular visits were collected. At the same time, respiratory functions and FENO were measured. The correlations of each difference of scores (+/-JPAC or +/-C-ACT), correlations of +/-JPAC or +/-C-ACT and increased ratio of respiratory functions and FENO (DeltaFENO%) were examined. We analyzed the factors that influences on respiratory functions and FENO. Moreover, the correlations of increased ratio of respiratory functions and DeltaFENO% were examined. RESULTS: Changes of JPAC and C-ACT correlated with each other. (rho=0.725, p<0.0001) DeltaFENO% was influenced by medications, especially ICS. +/-JPAC weakly correlated with DeltaFEV1% and DeltaFEF25-75% and DeltaPEF%, so did C-ACT. +/-JPAC correlated most strongly with the change of DeltaFEF25-75% among the parameters of respiratory functions. (rho=0.357, p=0.0003)+/-JPAC, but not +/-C-ACT weakly correlated with DeltaFENO%. (rho=-0.2045, p=0.0401) CONCLUSION: JPAC and C-ACT reflect the change of the respiratory function of each patient rather than those at random visit. Furthermore, JPAC may reflect FENO. In conclusion, recognition of the changes of the scores of these questionnaires may increase the utilities of the same scores obtained at a single visit. It is needed further study how to use FENO added on these questionnaires.