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1.
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol ; 36(9): 1612-1622, 2022 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35538594

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 pandemic, wearing PPE can induce skin damage such as erythema, pruritus, erosion, and ulceration among others. Although the skin microbiome is considered important for skin health, the change of the skin microbiome after wearing PPE remains unknown. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to characterize the diversity and structure of bacterial and fungal flora on skin surfaces of healthcare workers wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) during the COVID-19 pandemic using metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). METHODS: A total of 10 Chinese volunteers were recruited and the microbiome of their face, hand, and back were analysed before and after wearing PPE. Moreover, VISIA was used to analyse skin features. RESULTS: Results of alpha bacterial diversity showed that there was statistically significant decrease in alpha diversity indice in the skin samples from face, hand, and three sites after wearing PPE as compared with the indice in the skin samples before wearing PPE. Further, the results of evaluated alpha fungal diversity show that there was a statistically significant decrease in alpha diversity indices in the skin samples from hand after wearing PPE as compared with the indices in the skin samples before wearing PPE (P < 0.05). Results of the current study found that the main bacteria on the face, hand, and back skin samples before wearing the PPE were Propionibacterium spp. (34.04%), Corynebacterium spp. (13.12%), and Staphylococcus spp. (38.07%). The main bacteria found on the skin samples after wearing the PPE were Staphylococcus spp. (31.23%), Xanthomonas spp. (26.21%), and Cutibacterium spp. (42.59%). The fungal community composition was similar in three skin sites before and after wearing PPE. CONCLUSION: It was evident that wearing PPE may affect the skin microbiota, especially bacteria. Therefore, it was evident that the symbiotic microbiota may reflect the skin health of medical workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Equipamento de Proteção Individual , Bactérias , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Fungos , Pessoal de Saúde , Humanos , Pandemias
2.
Br J Anaesth ; 120(3): 555-562, 2018 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29452812

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In the supine position, forced-air warming is more effective on the lower body than on the upper body to prevent intraoperative hypothermia. However, it is unknown in the lateral decubitus position. We thus compared forced-air warming on the upper and lower bodies in the lateral position. METHODS: Patients (n=123) were randomised to receive forced-air warming on the upper body or lower body during thoracoscopic surgery in the lateral position. We measured the nasopharyngeal temperature at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after lateral positioning during surgery and the infrared tympanic membrane temperature at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after surgery. Patients received both upper and lower body warming at a temperature of <35.5°C. The primary outcome was the incidence of intraoperative hypothermia with a temperature of <36.0°C. RESULTS: Intraoperative hypothermia was less frequent with the upper body warming than with the lower body warming {21/62 vs 35/61, risk ratio [95% confidence interval (CI)] 0.6 (0.4-0.9), P=0.011}. The intraoperative temperature was higher with the upper body warming than with the lower body warming at 30 (P=0.002), 60 (P<0.001), and 90 (P<0.001) min after lateral positioning, and the postoperative temperature was higher at 0 (P<0.001) and 30 (P=0.001) min after surgery. Fewer patients received both upper and lower body warming in the upper body warming group than in the lower body warming group during surgery (1 vs 7, P=0.032). CONCLUSIONS: Forced-air warming was more effective on the upper body than on the lower body to prevent hypothermia during thoracoscopic surgery in the lateral decubitus position. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02993666.


Assuntos
Hipotermia/prevenção & controle , Complicações Intraoperatórias/prevenção & controle , Postura , Reaquecimento/métodos , Toracoscopia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Adulto Jovem
3.
Anaesthesia ; 72(2): 197-203, 2017 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27786358

RESUMO

People can hear and pay attention to familiar terms such as their own name better than general terms, referred to as the cocktail party effect. We performed a prospective, randomised, double-blind trial to investigate whether calling the patient's name compared with a general term facilitated a patient's response and recovery from general anaesthesia. We enrolled women having breast cancer surgery with general anaesthesia using propofol and remifentanil. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups depending on whether the patient's name or a general term was called, followed by the verbal command - 'open your eyes!' - during emergence from anaesthesia; this pre-recorded sentence was played to the patient using headphones. Fifty patients were allocated to the name group and 51 to the control group. Our primary outcome was the time from discontinuation of anaesthesia until eye opening. The mean (SD) time was 337 (154) s in the name group and 404 (170) s in the control group (p = 0.041). The time to i-gel® removal was 385 (152) vs. 454 (173) s (p = 0.036), the time until achieving a bispectral index of 60 was 174 (133) vs. 205 (160) s (p = 0.3), and the length of stay in the postanaesthesia care unit was 43.8 (3.4) vs. 47.3 (7.1) min (p = 0.005), respectively. In conclusion, using the patient's name may be an easy and effective method to facilitate recovery from general anaesthesia.


Assuntos
Período de Recuperação da Anestesia , Anestesia Geral , Adulto , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nomes , Estudos Prospectivos
4.
Reprod Domest Anim ; 49(4): 684-692, 2014 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24942049

RESUMO

This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of forced collapse of the blastocoel before slow-rate freezing and vitrification of bovine blastocysts. Cryopreservation of bovine blastocysts has been proposed as a tool to improve the feasibility of cattle production using the embryo transfer technique. However, the low efficiency of frozen-thawed embryos survival and further development is a crucial problem. In this study, bovine in vitro and in vivo blastocysts were slow-rate frozen and vitrified after forced blastocoele collapse (FBC) of the blastocyst cavity by puncturing the blastocoele with a pulled Pasteur pipet. Differences in the developmental potential of frozen-thawed blastocysts derived from FBC and non-FBC groups were found in both slow-rate freezing and vitrification. Furthermore, we found that the total cell number of blastocysts in FBC groups was increased and the index of apoptosis in FBC groups was decreased. Consistent with these results, real-time RT-PCR analysis data showed that expression of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-XL gene was significantly increased by FBC groups, whereas expression of the pro-apoptotic Bax gene was significantly decreased by FBC groups. Our results also showed that pregnancy outcomes in both slow-rate frozen and vitrified bovine in vivo blastocysts could be improved by reducing the fluid content after FBC of the blastocyst cavity. Therefore, we suggest that FBC of the blastocyst cavity with a pulled Pasteur pipet is an effective pre-treatment technique for both slow-rate freezing and vitrification of bovine blastocysts.


Assuntos
Blastocisto/fisiologia , Bovinos/embriologia , Criopreservação/veterinária , Ectoderma/fisiologia , Desenvolvimento Embrionário/fisiologia , Animais , Apoptose , Blastocisto/citologia , Contagem de Células , Criopreservação/métodos , Técnicas de Cultura Embrionária/veterinária , Transferência Embrionária/veterinária , Feminino , Fertilização in vitro/veterinária , Marcação In Situ das Extremidades Cortadas , Gravidez , Resultado da Gravidez , Vitrificação
5.
Int J Dent Hyg ; 12(2): 133-40, 2014 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24034864

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To develop a dental hygiene care programme based on the specific needs of patients with mental disorders and to suggest practical guidelines to improve the oral health care of these patients. METHODS: A total of 73 patients with mental illness participated in the study. The patients were randomly classified into three groups and followed over 12 weeks at 4-week intervals. A newly designed dental hygiene care programme using flash-based video, brochures and a toothpick method was implemented by five dental hygienists. Plaque index, stimulated saliva, subjective oral dryness and dental caries activity were analysed as outcome variables. RESULTS: Results showed that the dental plaque index significantly decreased after each session (P < 0.0001) in all three groups, and significant differences were found between groups (P = 0.036). Patients' oral dryness decreased significantly, but stimulated saliva and dental caries activity did not improve. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that the dental hygiene care programme, which made use of a short, 10-min flash-based video and brochures every 4 weeks, was effective in reducing the dental plaque index of patients with mental disorders.


Assuntos
Placa Dentária/prevenção & controle , Profilaxia Dentária/métodos , Transtornos Mentais , Adulto , Idoso , Recursos Audiovisuais , Assistência Odontológica para a Pessoa com Deficiência , Testes de Atividade de Cárie Dentária , Dispositivos para o Cuidado Bucal Domiciliar , Índice de Placa Dentária , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Transtornos Mentais/tratamento farmacológico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Avaliação das Necessidades , Higiene Bucal/educação , Folhetos , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto/métodos , Saliva/metabolismo , Escovação Dentária/instrumentação , Escovação Dentária/métodos , Resultado do Tratamento , Gravação em Vídeo , Xerostomia/classificação , Adulto Jovem
6.
Diabetes Metab ; 44(1): 73-76, 2018 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29074329

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Euglycaemic ketoacidosis has been reported after sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor treatment. However, the degree of ketonaemia and its metabolic effects have not been well investigated. Our study examined the degree of ketonaemia induced by SGLT2 inhibition and its association with metabolic profiles in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: Biochemical parameters, including insulin, glucagon, free fatty acid (FFA), ß-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and acetoacetate (ACA) levels, were measured in 119 T2DM patients after dapagliflozin treatment for>3 months, and compared with a matched control group. RESULTS: Levels of total ketones, BHB and ACA were significantly higher in the dapagliflozin group than in the control group: 283.7±311.0 vs 119.8±143.8µmol/L; 188.3±226.6 vs 78.0±106.7µmol/L; and 94.1±91.3 vs 41.8±39.1µmol/L, respectively (all P<0.001). After dapagliflozin treatment, BHB was higher than the upper limit of normal (>440µmol/L) in 13 (10.9%) patients who had no relevant symptoms. BHB level after dapagliflozin treatment correlated positively with HbA1c (r=0.280), FFA levels (r=0.596) and QUICKI (r=0.238), and negatively with BMI (r=-0.222), insulin-to-glucagon ratio (r=-0.199) and HOMA-IR (r=-0.205; all P<0.05). On multivariable linear regression analysis, QUICKI was independently associated with BHB level. CONCLUSION: Ketone levels were higher in T2DM patients treated with dapagliflozin than in controls, but with no clinical symptoms or signs of ketonaemia. Low-grade ketonaemia after dapagliflozin treatment may also be associated with improved insulin sensitivity.


Assuntos
Compostos Benzidrílicos/efeitos adversos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Glucosídeos/efeitos adversos , Hipoglicemiantes/efeitos adversos , Resistência à Insulina/fisiologia , Cetose/induzido quimicamente , Ácido 3-Hidroxibutírico/sangue , Acetoacetatos/sangue , Adulto , Idoso , Compostos Benzidrílicos/uso terapêutico , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Glucosídeos/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico , Cetose/sangue , Cetose/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem
7.
Psychiatr Rehabil J ; 40(3): 266-275, 2017 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28368138

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: This purpose of this study was to describe and demonstrate CrossCheck, a multimodal data collection system designed to aid in continuous remote monitoring and identification of subjective and objective indicators of psychotic relapse. METHOD: Individuals with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders received a smartphone with the monitoring system installed along with unlimited data plan for 12 months. Participants were instructed to carry the device with them and to complete brief self-reports multiple times a week. Multimodal behavioral sensing (i.e., physical activity, geospatials activity, speech frequency, and duration) and device use data (i.e., call and text activity, app use) were captured automatically. Five individuals who experienced psychiatric hospitalization were selected and described for instructive purposes. RESULTS: Participants had unique digital indicators of their psychotic relapse. For some, self-reports provided clear and potentially actionable description of symptom exacerbation prior to hospitalization. Others had behavioral sensing data trends (e.g., shifts in geolocation patterns, declines in physical activity) or device use patterns (e.g., increased nighttime app use, discontinuation of all smartphone use) that reflected the changes they experienced more effectively. CONCLUSION: Advancements in mobile technology are enabling collection of an abundance of information that until recently was largely inaccessible to clinical research and practice. However, remote monitoring and relapse detection is in its nascence. Development and evaluation of innovative data management, modeling, and signal-detection techniques that can identify changes within an individual over time (i.e., unique relapse signatures) will be essential if we are to capitalize on these data to improve treatment and prevention. (PsycINFO Database Record


Assuntos
Aplicações da Informática Médica , Monitorização Ambulatorial/métodos , Transtornos Psicóticos/diagnóstico , Esquizofrenia/diagnóstico , Smartphone , Telemedicina/métodos , Adulto , Feminino , Hospitalização , Humanos , Masculino , Monitorização Ambulatorial/instrumentação , Atividade Motora/fisiologia , Transtornos Psicóticos/terapia , Recidiva , Esquizofrenia/terapia , Análise Espacial , Fala/fisiologia , Telemedicina/instrumentação , Adulto Jovem
8.
IEEE Trans Affect Comput ; 7(4): 435-451, 2016.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30906508

RESUMO

Pain-related emotions are a major barrier to effective self rehabilitation in chronic pain. Automated coaching systems capable of detecting these emotions are a potential solution. This paper lays the foundation for the development of such systems by making three contributions. First, through literature reviews, an overview of how pain is expressed in chronic pain and the motivation for detecting it in physical rehabilitation is provided. Second, a fully labelled multimodal dataset (named 'EmoPain') containing high resolution multiple-view face videos, head mounted and room audio signals, full body 3D motion capture and electromyographic signals from back muscles is supplied. Natural unconstrained pain related facial expressions and body movement behaviours were elicited from people with chronic pain carrying out physical exercises. Both instructed and non-instructed exercises were considered to reflect traditional scenarios of physiotherapist directed therapy and home-based self-directed therapy. Two sets of labels were assigned: level of pain from facial expressions annotated by eight raters and the occurrence of six pain-related body behaviours segmented by four experts. Third, through exploratory experiments grounded in the data, the factors and challenges in the automated recognition of such expressions and behaviour are described, the paper concludes by discussing potential avenues in the context of these findings also highlighting differences for the two exercise scenarios addressed.

9.
Endocrinology ; 137(3): 1129-37, 1996 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8603584

RESUMO

We have shown previously that chronic administration (8 weeks) of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) has little growth-promoting effect in well fed sheep. The aim of this study was to investigate the anabolic effects of IGF-I in energy-restricted conditions in which circulating concentrations of IGF-I in control animals were expected to be low. Young castrate male sheep were offered chaffed lucerne at a rate equivalent to 110% maintenance and were treated by sc injection three times per day for either 8 or 12 weeks with recombinant human IGF-I (150 micrograms/kg live wt x day) or saline in a 2 x 2 factorial design (eight animals per cell). IGF-I treatment significantly increased plasma IGF-I concentrations, but reduced plasma concentrations of IGF-II, GH, urea, and creatinine. Treatment with IGF-I also decreased (P < 0.1) GH secretion in response to a GRF load, but significantly (P < 0.05) increased the nonesterified fatty acid response to an epinephrine load. The reduction in circulating GH levels was accompanied by a suppression of [125I]oGH binding to hepatic microsomal membranes. This effect, if apparent in other tissues, may act as a feedback mechanism to limit the local synthesis of IGF-I and could explain why IGF-I treatment had little effect on the growth rate of the sheep, although it did increase nitrogen digestibility of the feed consumed and decreased the fat content of the hind leg. It also differentially promoted the growth of the spleen, thymus, and mandibular salivary gland and increased blood counts of eosinophils. It is concluded that IGF-I does not have marked effects on growth rate or body composition in sheep fed a near-maintenance diet. Possible reasons include the associated suppression of GH secretion and action, which limits the ability of treated animals to repartition absorbed nutrients.


Assuntos
Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/administração & dosagem , Fígado/metabolismo , Receptores da Somatotropina/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Ingestão de Energia , Humanos , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/análise , Masculino , Tamanho do Órgão , Proteínas Recombinantes/administração & dosagem
10.
Growth Horm IGF Res ; 9(1): 11-7, 1999 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10207503

RESUMO

The effects of recombinant bovine growth hormone (bGH) treatment of pregnant ewes on maternal metabolism, placental development and fetal growth were examined in two studies. In a preliminary study (experiment one), single-bearing ewes were treated by twice-daily subcutaneous injection for 7 days with bGH (n = 8) at a dose of 0.15 mg/kg LW/day or with saline (n = 8) between days 101 and 107 of gestation inclusive. In experiment two, single- and twin-bearing ewes were treated for 14 days with bGH (0.15 mg/kg L W/day) (n = 10) or saline (n = 10) between days 70 and 83 or days 98 and 111 of gestation inclusive. Ewes were killed on the day following termination of bGH treatment and fetal and placental measurements recorded. Maternal plasma concentrations of GH, IGF-I and insulin were higher (P < 0.001) in bGH-treated ewes relative to saline-treated ewes in both experiments. Consistent across experiments was an increase (P < 0.05) in the weight of the myoendometrium in bGH-treated ewes. Treatment with bGH also increased the total weight of the gravid uterus (P < 0.05) in both experiments. Weights of the uterine fluids were increased by bGH in experiment one (P < 0.05), but an effect of the same magnitude could not be repeated in experiment two. In experiment one, there was a tendency towards increased mean fetal body weights after growth hormone treatment, although the effect was non-significant. In experiment two, treatment with bGH was associated with significantly (P < 0.05) higher fetal weights, but only at the later stage of gestation (day 112). This effect was additive with that of fetal rank. Exogenous bGH treatment had little discernible effect on measures of placental size. It is concluded that administration of exogenous bGH to pregnant ewes can stimulate fetal growth, but only after about day 100 of gestation. This response seems most likely to reflect changes in maternal nutrient partitioning or placental function, rather than placental size. These studies suggest a role for growth hormone of maternal or placental origin in the regulation of fetal growth.


Assuntos
Desenvolvimento Embrionário e Fetal/fisiologia , Hormônio do Crescimento/farmacologia , Placenta/fisiologia , Líquido Amniótico/química , Animais , Bovinos , Desenvolvimento Embrionário e Fetal/efeitos dos fármacos , Membranas Extraembrionárias/efeitos dos fármacos , Membranas Extraembrionárias/fisiologia , Feminino , Hormônio do Crescimento/sangue , Insulina/sangue , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/metabolismo , Miométrio/efeitos dos fármacos , Miométrio/fisiologia , Tamanho do Órgão , Placenta/efeitos dos fármacos , Gravidez , Proteínas Recombinantes/farmacologia , Valores de Referência , Ovinos , Útero/efeitos dos fármacos , Útero/fisiologia
11.
Growth Horm IGF Res ; 8(6): 439-46, 1998 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10985755

RESUMO

The ability of ovine placental lactogen (oPL) to bind to the growth hormone receptor (GHR) raises the possibility that oPL may exert a growth hormone (GH)-like action on galactopoiesis. We have compared the effects of treating lactating ewes for 5 days with an equimolar dose (0.1 mg/kg/day, administered as two equal doses 12 hourly) of either bovine growth hormone (bGH) (n = 10), oPL (n = 10) or saline (n = 9) on hepatic and mammary GHR, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) gene expression and hepatic GHR number. Hepatic GHR and IGFBP-3 mRNA were unaltered by bGH or oPL treatment. Hepatic IGF-I mRNAs increased following bGH (P < 0.05) but not oPL treatment. GHR gene expression was greater in liver compared to mammary gland extracts. There was no effect of either bGH or oPL treatment on mammary GHR, IGF-I or IGFBP-3 mRNA or hepatic GHR number. These studies confirm the galactopoietic effects of bGH in lactating ruminants and suggest that the mechanism of this action is not via increased hepatic GHR number or gene expression. In addition, the increase in hepatic but not mammary IGF-I mRNA with bGH treatment suggests an endocrine action of IGF-I on milk synthesis. These studies also demonstrate that an equimolar dose of oPL is not galactopoietic or somatogenic in the lactating ewe.


Assuntos
Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Hormônio do Crescimento/farmacologia , Proteína 3 de Ligação a Fator de Crescimento Semelhante à Insulina/genética , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/genética , Lactação/fisiologia , Fígado/metabolismo , Glândulas Mamárias Animais/metabolismo , Lactogênio Placentário/farmacologia , Receptores da Somatotropina/genética , Animais , Bovinos , Feminino , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/metabolismo , Leite/química , Ovinos
12.
Water Res ; 38(5): 1289-95, 2004 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14975662

RESUMO

Juniper is a small-diameter underutilized lignocellulosic material. We evaluated the efficacy of base-treated juniper fiber (BTJF) for cadmium (Cd2+) sorption and the viability of juniper fiber as a sorbent for removing Cd2+ from water. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis indicated that carboxylate ion is a major functional group responsible for Cd2+ sorption. The apparent ideal sodium hydroxide concentration for base treatment is approximately 0.5M. A batch sorption isotherm test showed that equilibrium sorption data were better represented by the Langmuir model than the Freundlich model. After base treatment, the maximum Cd2+ sorption loading, Qmax, was greatly improved (9.18-29.54 mg/g), despite a decrease in specific surface area. A pseudo-second-order kinetic model fitted well for the sorption of Cd2+ onto BTJF. Initial metal ion concentration and treatment alkalinity were found to be major parameters influencing the kinetics of the sorption reaction. As a result of its strong ability to bind cadmium and its faster kinetics in low concentration, BTJF could be an inexpensive and efficient sorbent for removing heavy metals from stormwater runoff.


Assuntos
Cádmio/isolamento & purificação , Juniperus/química , Modelos Teóricos , Poluentes da Água/isolamento & purificação , Purificação da Água/métodos , Adsorção , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Íons , Cinética
13.
Domest Anim Endocrinol ; 17(4): 409-19, 1999 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10628431

RESUMO

The ontogeny of hepatic growth hormone (GH) receptors (GHR), as measured by responses of both plasma insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and hepatic GHR to an exogenous bGH stimulus, was examined using sheep of different ages (Days 1-7, 14-21, 28-35, and 56-63 of life, and yearlings). The IGF-I response to bGH was first examined in yearling sheep using two doses of bGH (0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg LW/d). Based on these results, lambs in four groups up to Day 63 of life were treated for 5 d with bGH (n = 10) at a dose of 0.15 mg/kg LW/d or with saline (n = 10). Jugular blood samples were taken once daily on Days - 1, 4, and 5 of treatment. bGH treatment in lambs up to Day 63 of life had little effect on plasma concentrations of GH, insulin, glucose or urea, but significantly (P < 0.05) increased circulating concentrations of IGF-I at all ages and of NEFA at Day 62/63 of life. In contrast, bGH treatment at either dose in yearlings significantly increased these parameters, except for plasma urea concentrations which were decreased in bGH-treated yearlings. However, the responses of plasma IGF-I concentration to bGH stimulus in lambs up to Day 63 of life were small compared to those in yearling sheep. Consistent with this, bGH treatment failed to affect hepatic GH binding in young lambs, but up-regulated it in yearling sheep. Furthermore, basal (unstimulated) GH binding did not differ between sheep of 7 vs. 63 vs. 365 d of age, despite the greater IGF-I responses to bGH in the latter group. It is suggested that hepatic GHR in lambs up to Day 63 of life are not fully functional compared to the situation in yearlings.


Assuntos
Hormônio do Crescimento/fisiologia , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/biossíntese , Ovinos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Animais , Glicemia/metabolismo , Ácidos Graxos não Esterificados/sangue , Feminino , Hormônio do Crescimento/sangue , Insulina/sangue , Fígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Ureia/sangue
14.
J Anim Sci ; 77(5): 1241-8, 1999 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10340593

RESUMO

The objective of this study was to investigate the role of amylin (a pancreatic hormone) in regulating metabolism in support of lactation. Rat amylin was infused (320 pmol.kg LW(-1).h(-1)) for 6 h via an external pudic (mammary) artery into six lactating goats. This dose of amylin led to a sixfold increase in plasma concentrations of amylin relative to baseline. Amylin infusion increased plasma concentrations (jugular) of glucose and NEFA up to 16 and 168%, respectively, relative to saline infusion. In contrast, plasma concentrations of Ca and PO4 during amylin infusion were reduced by 18 and 30%, respectively, relative to saline infusion. Plasma concentrations of IGF-I, insulin, and Mg were not different between the two treatments, although IGF-I concentrations in the amylin-infused group, 1 and 6 h postinfusion, were significantly higher than those in the saline-infused group. Similarly, amylin infusion failed to affect milk yield and major constituents of milk except protein; milk protein content decreased progressively until the end of amylin infusion and remained low thereafter. Amylin also had no effect on minerals in milk (Ca, PO4, Mg, Fe, Sr, S, K, or Na) except Zn, which was significantly decreased from 56.8+/-5.8 micromol/L at 0 h to 44.5+/-2.4 micromol/L at 6 h postinfusion. Mammary blood flow (measured with a transit-time blood flow probe) increased up to 26% during amylin infusion, although this effect lasted only for the first 3 h. In conclusion, amylin increased plasma concentrations of glucose and NEFA, and mammary blood flow, while decreasing plasma concentrations of Ca and PO4. Despite these metabolic changes, amylin infusion did not increase milk yield of lactating goats.


Assuntos
Amiloide/fisiologia , Cabras/metabolismo , Lactação , Amiloide/farmacologia , Animais , Glicemia/metabolismo , Feminino , Polipeptídeo Amiloide das Ilhotas Pancreáticas , Ratos
15.
Environ Technol ; 25(2): 185-91, 2004 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15116876

RESUMO

Lignocellulosic biosorbents, including juniper fiber, show promise as sorbents for removing pollutants from wastewater run-off because of their low cost. In this study, juniper fiber modified with iron species from acid mine drainage (AMD) was tested for its capacity to remove phosphorus from water compared to unmodified juniper fiber. In batch tests, the maximum adsorbate loading (Qmax) of phosphorus onto the modified adsorbent was 1.83 mg g(-1) at pH 4.0, obtained by fitting the isotherm results to the Langmuir isotherm model. This value is similar to the sorption capacity of other conventional adsorbents such as goethite, which implies that the modified lignocellulosic material would be effective as a sorbent for removing phosphorus from water. In the kinetic test, the pseudo-second order kinetic model fitted well the sorption of phosphorus onto the modified filter medium, showing the kinetic constant (k) of 8.09 x 10(-2) g(mg min)(-1) at initial phosphorus concentration of 10 mg l(-1).


Assuntos
Celulose/química , Lignina/química , Modelos Teóricos , Fósforo/isolamento & purificação , Poluentes da Água/isolamento & purificação , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Ferro/química , Cinética , Mineração
16.
Fiziol Zh (1978) ; 38(3): 11-8, 1992.
Artigo em Ucraniano | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1499755

RESUMO

The inotropic effects of noradrenaline (10(-7)-10(-5) M) and acetylcholine (10(-8)-10(-6) M) were studied in experiments carried out on preparations of the right atria and on papillary muscles of the right ventricle in adult (4-5 months) and old (18-24 months) guinea pigs. An age-related decrease in inotropic noradrenaline effects and the displacement of dose-effect relationships to the right was revealed. Similar changes of the dose-related effects of acetylcholine superfused against the background of noradrenaline action were observed. The direct inotropic action of the acetylcholine did not change with ageing. A lack of the essential atrial-ventricular differences in age-related changes in myocardial reactivity is apparently very significant for support of effective functional coupling of cardiac chambers in ageing.


Assuntos
Acetilcolina/farmacologia , Envelhecimento/fisiologia , Modelos Cardiovasculares , Contração Miocárdica/fisiologia , Norepinefrina/farmacologia , Músculos Papilares/fisiologia , Função Ventricular , Animais , Função Atrial , Meios de Cultura , Depressão Química , Cobaias , Átrios do Coração/efeitos dos fármacos , Ventrículos do Coração/efeitos dos fármacos , Técnicas In Vitro , Contração Miocárdica/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculos Papilares/efeitos dos fármacos
17.
Fiziol Zh (1978) ; 38(4): 19-27, 1992.
Artigo em Ucraniano | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1286685

RESUMO

Dose-dependent effects of noradrenaline (10-7-10-6M), acetylcholine (10-8-3x10-6M) and stimulation rate (0.2-2.0 Hz) were obtained in experiments on myocardium preparations of the right and left atria and ventricles in rat. Three types of topological differences of the rat myocardium reactivity were observed: between the atria and ventricles (A/V), between the right and left atria and ventricles (R/L), between the right atrium (RA) and other cardiac chambers. A/V differences were most pronounced in the reactivity to acetylcholine (the atria were more reactive), the highest R/L differences were observed in the reactivity to noradrenaline (the myocardium of the right chambers was more reactive). RA reactivity greatly exceeded reactivity of other myocardial preparations to all three test influences. Topological peculiarities of chrono-inotropism permit supposing, that inotropic effects of rate changes in vivo are able to compensate, to some extent, the regional nonuniformity of cholin- and adrenergic regulatory inotropic effects.


Assuntos
Acetilcolina/farmacologia , Coração/efeitos dos fármacos , Norepinefrina/farmacologia , Animais , Função Atrial , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Estimulação Elétrica/métodos , Coração/fisiologia , Átrios do Coração/efeitos dos fármacos , Frequência Cardíaca/efeitos dos fármacos , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Ventrículos do Coração/efeitos dos fármacos , Técnicas In Vitro , Masculino , Contração Miocárdica/efeitos dos fármacos , Contração Miocárdica/fisiologia , Ratos , Função Ventricular
18.
IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng ; 21(6): 908-16, 2013 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23322764

RESUMO

Accelerometry is a widely used sensing modality in human biomechanics due to its portability, non-invasiveness, and accuracy. However, difficulties lie in signal variability and interpretation in relation to biomechanical events. In walking, heel strike and toe off are primary gait events where robust and accurate detection is essential for gait-related applications. This paper describes a novel and generic event detection algorithm applicable to signals from tri-axial accelerometers placed on the foot, ankle, shank or waist. Data from healthy subjects undergoing multiple walking trials on flat and inclined, as well as smooth and tactile paving surfaces is acquired for experimentation. The benchmark timings at which heel strike and toe off occur, are determined using kinematic data recorded from a motion capture system. The algorithm extracts features from each of the acceleration signals using a continuous wavelet transform over a wide range of scales. A locality preserving embedding method is then applied to reduce the high dimensionality caused by the multiple scales while preserving salient features for classification. A simple Gaussian mixture model is then trained to classify each of the time samples into heel strike, toe off or no event categories. Results show good detection and temporal accuracies for different sensor locations and different walking terrains.


Assuntos
Aceleração , Algoritmos , Inteligência Artificial , Marcha/fisiologia , Sistemas Microeletromecânicos/instrumentação , Monitorização Ambulatorial/métodos , Reconhecimento Automatizado de Padrão/métodos , Desenho de Equipamento , Análise de Falha de Equipamento , Humanos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade
19.
IEEE Trans Biomed Eng ; 57(2): 432-41, 2010 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19369146

RESUMO

Videofluoroscopy remains one of the mainstay methods for clinical swallowing assessment, yet its interpretation is both complex and subjective. This, in part, reflects the difficulties associated with estimation of bolus transit time through the oral and pharyngeal regions by visual inspection, and problems with consistent repeatability. This paper introduces a software-only framework that automatically determines the time taken for the bolus to cross 1-D anatomical landmarks representing the oral and pharyngeal region boundaries ( Fig. 1). The user-steered delineation algorithm live-wire and straight-line annotators are used to demarcate the landmark on a frame prior to the swallow action. The rate of change of intensity of the pixels in each landmark is used as the detection feature for bolus presence that can be visualized on a spatiotemporal plot. Artifacts introduced by head and neck movement are removed by updating the landmark coordinates using affine parameters optimized by a genetic-algorithm-based registration method. Heuristics are applied to the spatiotemporal plot to identify the frames during which the bolus passes the landmark. Correlation coefficients between three observers visually inspecting twenty-four 5-mL single swallow clips did not exceed 0.42. Yet the same measurements taken using this framework on the same clips had correlation coefficients exceeding 0.87.


Assuntos
Deglutição/fisiologia , Fluoroscopia/métodos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador/métodos , Orofaringe/fisiologia , Gravação em Vídeo/métodos , Humanos , Orofaringe/anatomia & histologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Software
20.
IEEE Trans Inf Technol Biomed ; 14(2): 418-24, 2010 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19726270

RESUMO

Plantar lesions induced by biomechanical dysfunction pose a considerable socioeconomic health care challenge, and failure to detect lesions early can have significant effects on patient prognoses. Most of the previous works on plantar lesion identification employed the analysis of biomechanical microenvironment variables like pressure and thermal fields. This paper focuses on foot kinematics and applies kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) for nonlinear dimensionality reduction of features, followed by Fisher's linear discriminant analysis for the classification of patients with different types of foot lesions, in order to establish an association between foot motion and lesion formation. Performance comparisons are made using leave-one-out cross-validation. Results show that the proposed method can lead to approximately 94% correct classification rates, with a reduction of feature dimensionality from 2100 to 46, without any manual preprocessing or elaborate feature extraction methods. The results imply that foot kinematics contain information that is highly relevant to pathology classification and also that the nonlinear KPCA approach has considerable power in unraveling abstract biomechanical features into a relatively low-dimensional pathology-relevant space.


Assuntos
Úlcera do Pé/fisiopatologia , Marcha/fisiologia , Ceratodermia Palmar e Plantar/fisiopatologia , Reconhecimento Automatizado de Padrão/métodos , Úlcera por Pressão/fisiopatologia , Algoritmos , Inteligência Artificial , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Análise Discriminante , Pé/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Modelos Biológicos , Dinâmica não Linear , Análise de Componente Principal , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade
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