SF2457, a new antibiotic related to amicetin.

A novel nucleoside antibiotic, SF2457, was isolated from the fermentation broth of Nocardia brasiliensis SF2457. The structure of SF2457 was determined by degradation studies using alkaline hydrolysis and methanolysis. SF2457 is closely related to the amicetin group antibiotics. The antibiotic exhibited inhibitory activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Novel antibiotics SF2738A, B and C, and their analogs produced by Streptomyces sp.

Three new antibiotics SF2738A, B and C, and their analogs were isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces sp. The antibiotics are active against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi, and exhibited cytotoxic activity against P388 murine leukemia cells with IC50 values of 0.08, 0.25 and 7.5 micrograms/ml, respectively. Their structures were determined by spectral analyses and chemical conversion. Especially, the structure of SF2738A was confirmed to be (E)-((4-methoxy-5-methylthio-2-(2-pyridyl)pyridin-6-yl)methylene)azan ol by X-ray crystallographic analysis.

BN-183B, a new antitumor antibiotic produced by Pseudomonas. Taxonomy, isolation, physico-chemical and biological properties.

BN-183B is a new antitumor antibiotic with chlorine in its molecule found in the culture broth of Pseudomonas sp. BN-183. The compound was weakly basic and isolated as a hydrochloride in a pure state. The molecular formula of its free base was determined as C14H20N2O6Cl2. The antibiotic showed not only strong antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria but also marked activity toward experimental tumors such as lymphoid leukemia L-1210 and lymphocytic leukemia P-388 in mice. No mutagenicity of BN-183B was noted.

A new indole N-glycoside antibiotic SF-2140 from an Actinomadura. I. Taxonomy and fermentation of producing microorganism.

A new indole N-glycoside antibiotic SF-2140 which shows antiviral and weak antibacterial activity has been obtained from the cultured broth of an actinomycete strain. Strain SF-2140, designated Actinomadura albolutea sp. nov., was isolated from a soil sample collected in Hyogo Prefecture, Japan.

A new anthelmintic cyclodepsipeptide, PF1022A.

The novel anthelmintic cyclodepsipeptide PF1022A was isolated from cultured mycelia of Mycelia Sterilia PF1022 (FERM BP-2671). It showed strong anthelmintic activities against Ascaridia galli in chickens. The structure of PF1022A was determined to be cyclo(D-lactyl-L-N-methylleucyl-D-3-phenyllactyl-L-N-meth ylleucyl-D-lactyl-L-N- methylleucyl-D-3-phenyllactyl-L-N-methylleucyl) by spectroscopic analyses and chemical studies.

UK-1, a novel cytotoxic metabolite from Streptomyces sp. 517-02. I. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation, physico-chemical and biological properties.

A new benzoxazole, UK-1, was isolated from the mycelial cake of an actinomycete strain 517-02. Based on morphological, cultural and physiological characteristics, strain 517-02 was seemed to be a close relative of Streptomyces morookaense. UK-1 showed potent cytotoxic activity against B16, HeLa and P388 cells and did not show any antimicrobial activity.

Studies on antibiotics BN-227 and BN-227-F, new antibiotics. I. Taxonomy, isolation and characterization.

The two new antibiotics, BN-227 and BN-227-F, were isolated from the fermentation broth of Pseudomonas sp. BN-227. BN-227 has a molecular formula C7H9NO3, and melts at 115 degrees C. BN-227-F has a molecular formula C21H24N3O9Fe, and melts at 156 degrees C. BN-227-F is a chelate compound consisting of three similar ligands (antibiotic BN-227) and ferric ion. The two antibiotics have antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

SF2446, new benzo[a]naphthacene quinone antibiotics. I. Taxonomy and fermentation of the producing strain, isolation and characterization of antibiotics.

New antibiotics SF2446A1, A2, A3, B1 and B2 have been isolated from the culture of Streptomyces sp. SF2446 and antibiotic SF2446B3 has been obtained by methanolysis of SF2446B1 or B2. SF2446A1, A2 and B1 showed strong inhibitory activities against mycoplasmas and Gram-positive bacteria. Empirical molecular formulae of antibiotics SF2446-A1, A2, A3, B1, B2 and B3 were determined to be C34H35NO15, C26H21NO11, C34H35NO14, C34H35NO14 and C26H21NO10, respectively.

Pyrrolomycin group antibiotics inhibit substance P-induced release of myeloperoxidase from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

In order to search for microbial modulators of the activity of neuropeptide, we established a screen based on substance P (SP)-induced myeloperoxidase (MPO) release from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). SP induced MPO release in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations ranging from 1 approximately 10 x 10(-4) M. In comparison at 1 x 10(-4) M, induction was also observed with SP derivatives but not with other neuropeptides such as neurokinin and enkephalin. Based on this, we searched for microbial inhibitors against SP-induced MPO release. An actinomycete metabolite designated HS3, which turned out to be identical with dioxapyrrolomycin or A1-R2081, and structurally related pyrrolomycins were found to inhibit SP-induced MPO release. In addition, these compounds inhibited the f-Met-Leu-Phe (FMLP)-induced MPO release from PMN. Pyrrolomycin derivatives with an N-methylated pyrrole ring showed, however, a selective inhibition of the SP-induced MPO release. This was in contrast to results with aseanostatin P5 which selectively inhibited FMLP-induced MPO release.

SF2487, a new polyether antibiotic produced by Actinomadura.

A new antibiotic SF2487 has been isolated from the culture broth of Actinomadura sp. SF2487. The structure of antibiotic SF2487 was determined by spectroscopic analyses of the sodium salt and X-ray diffraction analysis of the silver salt. The antibiotic represents a new member of polyether group antibiotics known as the acyltetronic acid type 4. The antibiotic is weakly active against Gram-positive bacteria and exhibits antiviral activity against influenza virus in vitro.

PF1092A, B and C, new nonsteroidal progesterone receptor ligands produced by Penicillium oblatum. I. Taxonomy of producing strain, fermentation, isolation and biological activities.

Three new nonsteroidal progesterone receptor ligands, PF1092A, B and C, have been isolated from Penicillium oblatum. They were purified from the solid cultures of rice media using ethyl acetate extraction, silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies, and crystallization. All three ligands competitively inhibited [3H]-progesterone binding to porcine uteri cytosol preparations with IC50 of 3.0 x 10 nM (PF1092A), 2.2 x 10(2) nM (PF1092B) and 2.2 x 10(3) nM (PF1092C).

A new tetracycline antibiotic with antitumor activity. I. Taxonomy and fermentation of the producing strain, isolation and characterization of SF2575.

A new antitumor antibiotic SF2575 has been isolated from a culture filtrate of Streptomyces sp. SF2575. The molecular formula was determined to be C40H43NO15 by elemental analysis, mass and 13C NMR spectral analyses. The spectral data revealed SF2575 to be a new tetracycline antibiotic. It was active against Gram-positive bacteria and exhibited antitumor activity against P388 leukemia in mice.

Proposal to transfer Actinomadura carminata to a new subspecies of the genus Nonomuraea as Nonomuraea roseoviolacea subsp. carminata comb. nov.

An anthracycline-producing actinomycete (strain SF2303) was compared with two other anthracycline producers, Actinomadura carminata IFO 15903T and Nonomuraea roseoviolacea IFO 14098T, using morphological, physiological, chemotaxonomic and molecular-genetic criteria. The morphological and cultural characteristics of these three strains are similar. The physiological properties of strain SF2303 and N. roseoviolacea IFO 14098T are very similar, but are different from those of A. carminata IFO 15903T in the utilization of some sugars and the reduction of nitrate. Their chemotaxonomic properties [cell wall chemotype, IIIB; major menaquinone, MK-9 (III, VIIl-H4); phospholipid type, PIV; cellular fatty acids 10M-17:0/17:1 and iso-16:0 as major components and 2-hydroxy fatty acids as minor components; mycolic acid, absent] were identical and indicated that these three strains belong to the family Streptosporangiaceae. On the basis of 16S rDNA sequences and phylogenetic analysis, they were all included in the cluster formed by species of Nonomuraea. The levels of DNA relatedness between strain SF2303 and N. roseoviolacea IFO 14098T ranged from 71 to 78%; however, the levels of relatedness between the two strains and A. carminata IFO 15903T were lower (49-60%). Therefore, strain SF2303 was identified as a member of the species N. roseoviolacea and it is proposed that Actinomadura carminata Gauze et al. 1973 should be transferred to a new subspecies of the genus Nonomuraea Zhang et al. 1998 as N. roseoviolacea subsp. carminata comb. nov.

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of ribosomal protein AT-L30 from an actinomycete genus, Streptosporangium.

We analyzed the ribosomal AT-L30 proteins from 11 type strains of species belonging to the genus Streptosporangium. The electrophoretic mobilities of the AT-L30 preparations from these strains, as determined by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, revealed that they could be divided into three groups. The first group contained Streptosporangium viridogriseum, S. viridogriseum subsp. kofuense, and S. albidum, while the second group contained S. roseum, S. album, S. vulgare, S. nondiastaticum, S. fragile, S. violaceochromogenes, and S. amethystogenes. S. corrugatum was a member of the third group. These groups were completely consistent with Nonomura's previous classification, which was based on morphological criteria. The results of partial amino acid sequencing of AT-L30 preparations from several representative strains strongly supported the hypothesis that each of the three groups of the genus Streptosporangium merits separate generic status.

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of ribosomal protein AT-L30 as a novel approach to actinomycete taxonomy: application to the genera Actinomadura and Microtetraspora.

Actinomycete ribosomal protein AT-L30 exhibits electrophoretic mobility that is specific for each genus. On the basis of this fact, we analyzed ribosomal AT-L30 proteins from 26 type strains of species belonging to the genera Actinomadura and Microtetraspora. The electrophoretic mobilities of AT-L30 preparations from these strains, as determined by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, revealed that they could be divided into two groups, one group with relative electrophoretic mobilities of 14.0 to 41.5 and another group with relative electrophoretic mobilities of -6.5 to 0. The first group corresponded to the genus Actinomadura, and the second group corresponded to the genus Microtetraspora. Partial amino acid sequencing of AT-L30 preparations from several strains proved that we were indeed dealing with the specified protein homologous to ribosomal protein L30 of Escherichia coli. Our results strongly supported the conclusions of previous work and thus proved the efficacy of ribosomal protein analysis as a novel approach for taxonomy of actinomycetes.

A taxonomic review of the genus Microbispora by analysis of ribosomal protein AT-L30.

We analyzed the ribosomal AT-L30 proteins from 13 type strains of species belonging to the genera Microbispora and Actinomadura. The electrophoretic mobilities of the AT-L30 preparations from Microbispora strains, as determined by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, revealed that the members of the genus Microbispora are phylogenetically homogeneous. The results of partial amino acid sequencing of AT-L30 preparations from several representative Microbispora strains supported the separation of the genus Microbispora from other related genera. The amino acid sequences of the AT-L30 proteins from strains of species belonging to the genus Actinomadura sensu stricto displayed a diversity that exemplified the low levels of amino acid sequence homology within the genus. This diversity was considered to be a characteristic typical of the genus Actinomadura.

A taxonomic review of the genus Microbispora and a proposal to transfer two species to the genus Actinomadura and to combine ten species into Microbispora rosea.

We conducted a taxonomic review of the genus Microbispora using chemotaxonomic and DNA-DNA hybridization techniques, and reached the following conclusions: Microbispora viridis should be transferred to the genus Actinomadura as Actinomadura rugatobispora comb. nov., nom. nov. (type strain SF2240 = IFO 14382 = JCM 3366) and Microbispora echinospora should be transferred to the genus Actinomadura as Actinomadura echinospora comb. nov. (type strain JCM 3148 = ATCC 27300). We also propose that Microbispora rosea, Microbispora amethystogenes, Microbispora chromogenes, Microbispora diastatica, Microbispora indica, Microbispora karnatakensis and Microbispora parva should be combined into the species Microbispora rosea subsp. rosea (type strain JCM 3006 = ATCC 12950), and that Microbispora aerata, Microbispora thermodiastatica and Microbispora thermorosea should be combined and transferred to the new subspecies Microbispora rosea subsp. aerata comb. nov. (type strain IFO 12581 = ATCC 15448). Microbispora bispora clearly differs from these ten strains at the species level.

Herbidospora gen. nov., a new genus of the family Streptosporangiaceae Goodfellow et al. 1990.

Eight actinomycete strains originally isolated from soil and plant samples were studied to determine their taxonomic status. All isolates produced branching substrate mycelia, but no distinct aerial hyphae. Relatively short chains of nonmotile spores (10 to 30 spores per chain) were borne on the tips of sporophores arising directly from the agar surface. The chemotaxonomic characteristics of the isolates, with the exception of the menaquinone profile, coincided with those of members of the family Streptosporangiaceae Goodfellow, Stanton, Simpson, and Minnikin 1990. Furthermore, the results of a phylogenetic analysis performed with 5S rRNA support the conclusion that the isolates should be classified in this family. The isolates differed from members of the constituent genera of the Streptosporangiaceae in morphological characteristics and menaquinone composition. Therefore, we propose a new genus for the strains, Herbidospora. The type species and type strain are Herbidospora cretacea sp. nov. and strain K-319 (= JCM 8553), respectively.