Leptin and Lipid Profile in Overweight Patient with Type 1 Diabetes.

AIM: To evaluate leptin and lipid profile in overweight patients with type 1 diabetes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included 50 overweight patients with type 1 diabetes and 50 age and sex matched healthy controls. Blood samples were taken for evaluation of glycosylated haemoglobin, lipid profile and leptin. Also, urine samples were taken for evaluation of albumin/creatinine ratio. RESULTS: Leptin level was significantly lower in overweight with type 1 diabetes and showed a significant positive correlation with hip circumference and body mass index and negative correlation with glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c). Leptin level was significantly lower in overweight diabetic patients with HbA1c > 7.5 %. The best cut-off point between overweight diabetic group and control group regarding leptin levels was found at 16.9 (ng/ml) with a sensitivity of 68% and specificity of 56%, area under the curve 0.623. CONCLUSION: Leptin levels were found to be low in overweight patients with type 1 diabetes and showed correlation with the body mass index and hip circumference. LDL was significantly higher while HDL was significantly lower in the diabetic, overweight group indicating increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Leptin level in overweight diabetic patients might be related to the metabolic control.

Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 Levels in Children on Hemodialysis: Association with MMP-9 C-1562T Gene Polymorphism and Vitamin D Levels.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Data concerning the concentration of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and its functional polymorphisms in chronic kidney diseases (CKD) are conflicting. The present study aimed to evaluate the levels of MMP-9in children with end stage renal diseases (ESRD) on hemodialysis (HD) and to explore its association with MMP-9 polymorphism and vitamin D levels as an important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). METHODS: We studied 55 children with ESRD on hemodialysis and 18 healthy children served as controls. MMP-9 and vitamin D levels were measured by ELISA in serum of all patients and controls. Genotypes for MMP-9 polymorphism(C-1562T) were determined by RFLP for only 28 of the patients and all the controls. RESULTS: There were insignificantly reduced MMP-9levels of patients vs. controls, however, there was significant increase in MMP-9 levels associated with CC genotypes for(C-1562T) polymorphism compared with CT genotype (p=0.01). We found that at MMP-9 base position-1562, the frequencies of the genotypes CC and CT in Children on HD were 71.4% and 28.6% respectively while all our controls were of the CC genotype. The alleles frequencies of C and T in patients were 85.7% and 14.29% as compared to 100% and 0%, respectively in the controls. Significant decrease in vitamin D was observed in children on HD versus that in controls (p=0.008). Serum MMP9 levels and age were variables that were independently associated with CVD. CONCLUSIONS: MMP9 genetic polymorphism (C-1562T) affects MMP9alterations in ESRD children on HD and vitamin D deficiency is common in our HD pediatric patients who require attention in accordance with current practice guidelines. They probably require supplementation with higher doses of cholecalciferol.