Predictors of red blood cell transfusion after cardiac surgery: a prospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: To identify predictors of red blood cell transfusion (RBCT) after cardiac surgery. METHOD: A prospective cohort study performed with 323 adults after cardiac surgery, from April to December of 2013. A data collection instrument was constructed by the researchers containing factors associated with excessive bleeding after cardiac surgery, as found in the literature, for investigation in the immediate postoperative period. The relationship between risk factors and the outcome was assessed by univariate analysis and logistic regression. RESULTS: The factors associated with RBCT in the immediate postoperative period included lower height and weight, decreased platelet count, lower hemoglobin level, higher prevalence of platelet count <150x10(3)/mm (3), lower volume of protamine, longer duration of anesthesia, higher prevalence of intraoperative RBCT, lower body temperature, higher heart rate and higher positive end-expiratory pressure. The independent predictor was weight <66.5Kg. CONCLUSION: Factors associated with RBCT in the immediate postoperative period of cardiac surgery were found. The independent predictor was weight.

Nursing outcomes for patients with multiple traumas and impaired physical mobility: An integrative review.

PURPOSE: This research identifies nursing outcomes for patients with multiple traumas who present changes in physical mobility. METHODS: This was a thorough literature review, following Whittemore and Knafl's method and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses´ guidelines (2005) and adopting the Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Classification Medicine-Levels of Evidence (2011). The literature search included databases from Virtual Health Library, Cochrane Library, Excerpta Medica Database, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, PubMed, SciVerse Scopus, The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Web of Science. It was conducted between October and December 2019 and updated in April 2022. FINDINGS: Upon our first analysis of the 254 articles that could correlate to the present study, we concluded that 15 of them are of foremost relevance. The nursing outcomes found are correlated with skin care, position in hospital bed, pressure injury prevention, self-care assistance to bath, intimate, and oral hygiene, pain control, circulatory precaution, and impaired physical mobility assistance. All of these outcomes are directly or indirectly involved with the consequences of mobility impairment. CONCLUSIONS: The main nursing outcomes of our research identified for patients with multiple traumas were related to mobility, the consequences of immobility, self-care, and skin maintenance. In conclusion, this review highlights the importance of measuring outcomes related to the provision of nursing care. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: The nursing outcomes classification provides results that can be used across the continuum of care to assess the patient's status after nursing interventions. It also allows for improved care for multiple trauma patients who have altered mobility, identifying the real needs of these patients.

OBJETIVO: Esta pesquisa propõe a identificação dos resultados de enfermagem para pacientes politraumatizados que apresentam alterações na mobilidade física. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de uma revisão minuciosa da literatura, seguindo o método de Whittemore e Knafl e as diretrizes Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (2005) e adotando o Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Classification Medicine - Levels of Evidence (2011). A busca na literatura incluiu bases de dados da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde; Biblioteca Cochrane; Base de dados Excerpta Medica; Sistema de Análise e Recuperação de Literatura Médica Online; PubMed®; SciVerse Scopus; O Índice Cumulativo para Enfermagem e Literatura de Saúde Aliada; e Web of Science. As buscas foram realizadas entre outubro e dezembro de 2019 e atualizadas em abril de 2022. RESULTADOS: Em nossa primeira análise dos 254 artigos que poderiam se correlacionar com o presente estudo, concluímos que 15 deles são de maior relevância. Os resultados de enfermagem encontrados estão correlacionados aos cuidados com a pele, posição no leito hospitalar, prevenção de lesão por pressão, assistência ao autocuidado ao banho, higiene íntima e oral, controle da dor, precaução circulatória e assistência à mobilidade física prejudicada. Todos os resultados acima mencionados estão direta ou indiretamente envolvidos com as consequências do comprometimento da mobilidade. CONCLUSÕES: Os principais resultados de enfermagem de nossa pesquisa identificados para pacientes politraumatizados foram relacionados à mobilidade, consequências da imobilidade, autocuidado e manutenção da pele. Em conclusão, esta revisão destaca a importância de medir os resultados relacionados à prestação de cuidados de enfermagem. IMPLICAÇÕES PARA A PRÁTICA DE ENFERMAGEM: A Classificação de Resultados de Enfermagem fornece resultados que podem ser usados ​​em todo o continuum de cuidados para avaliar o estado do paciente após intervenções de enfermagem. Também permite melhorar o atendimento aos politraumatizados que apresentam mobilidade alterada, identificando as reais necessidades desses pacientes.

Nursing interventions and activities for patients with multiple traumas: An integrative review.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify nursing interventions and activities for patients with multiple traumas who have variations in physical mobility. METHODS: We used integrative literature review following Whittemore and Knafl method and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses' guidelines and adopting the Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Classification Medicine - Levels of Evidence. The data collection was carried out between October and December 2019 and updated in May 2022, in the following databases: Virtual Health Library, Cochrane Library, Excerpta Medica dataBASE, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, PubMed®, SciVerse Scopus, The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Web of Science. FINDINGS: There were 103 articles to be fully read and evaluated. From these, 34 publications were selected. Most nursing interventions and activities identified were placed in the NIC class Activity and Exercise Management in the Physiological: Basic domain, which has interventions to organize or to assist with physical activity, energy conservation, and expenditure; followed by Elimination Management (interventions to establish and maintain regular bowel and urinary elimination patterns and manage complications due to altered patterns); Immobility Management (interventions to manage restricted body movement and the sequelae); Nutrition Support (interventions to modify or maintain nutritional status); Physical Comfort Promotion (interventions to promote comfort using physical techniques); and Self-Care Facilitation (interventions to provide or assist with routine activities of daily living). CONCLUSIONS: The interventions and nursing activities found in this research were not only related to the change in mobility in victims of multiple traumas but also aimed to prevent the consequences of immobility and to take care of already established conditions. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE NURSING PRACTICE: This research enables the taxonomy's development and the validation of interventions for selected groups of patients. This allows the contribution to the development of the NIC-an important resource to improve nursing practice in teaching, research, and care.

OBJETIVO: Esta pesquisa propõe a identificação das intervenções e atividades de enfermagem para pacientes politraumatizados que apresentam alterações na mobilidade física. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de uma revisão minuciosa da literatura, seguindo o método de Whittemore e Knafl e as diretrizes Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (2005) e adotando o Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Classification Medicine - Levels of Evidence (2011). A busca na literatura inclui bases de dados da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde; Biblioteca Cochrane; Base de dados Excerpta Medica; Sistema de Análise e Recuperação de Literatura Médica Online; PubMed®; SciVerse Scopus; O Índice Cumulativo para Enfermagem e Literatura de Saúde Aliada; e Web of Science. As buscas foram realizadas entre outubro e dezembro de 2019 e atualizadas em maio de 2022. RESULTADOS: Havia 103 artigos para serem lidos e avaliados na íntegra. Destes, foram selecionadas 34. A maioria das intervenções e atividades de enfermagem identificadas foram colocadas na classe NIC Gerenciamento de Atividades e Exercícios no domínio Fisiológico: Básico, que possui intervenções para organizar ou auxiliar na atividade física, conservação de energia e gasto; seguido pelo Gerenciamento de Eliminação (intervenções para estabelecer e manter padrões regulares de eliminação intestinal e urinária e gerenciar complicações devido a padrões alterados); Gestão da Imobilidade (intervenções para gerir o movimento corporal restrito e as sequelas); Suporte Nutricional (intervenções para modificar ou manter o estado nutricional); Promoção do Conforto Físico (intervenções para promover o conforto utilizando técnicas físicas); e Facilitação do Autocuidado (intervenções para fornecer ou auxiliar nas atividades rotineiras da vida diária). CONCLUSÕES: As intervenções e atividades de enfermagem encontradas nesta pesquisa não estavam relacionadas apenas à alteração da mobilidade em vítimas de politraumatismos, mas também visavam prevenir as consequências da imobilidade e cuidar das condições já estabelecidas. IMPLICAÇÕES PARA A PRÁTICA DE ENFERMAGEM: Esta pesquisa possibilita o desenvolvimento da taxonomia e a validação de intervenções para grupos selecionados de pacientes. Isso permite contribuir para o desenvolvimento da NIC - importante recurso para aprimorar a prática de enfermagem no ensino, na pesquisa e na assistência.

Self-Care Behaviors in Heart Failure.

OBJECTIVE: To identify self-care behaviors, instruments, techniques, parameters for the assessment of self-care behaviors in people with heart failure, compare these behaviors with the indicators of the Nursing Outcomes Classification outcome, Self Management: Cardiac Disease. METHOD: Integrative literature review performed in Lilacs, Medline, CINAHL, and Cochrane, including publications from 2009 to 2015. One thousand six hundred ninety-one articles were retrieved from the search, of which 165 were selected for analysis. RESULTS: Ten self-care behaviors and several different assessment instruments, techniques, and parameters were identified. The addition and removal of some indicators are proposed, based on this review. The data provide substrate for the development of conceptual and operational definitions of the indicators, making the outcome more applicable for use in clinical practice.

Factors associated with excessive bleeding after cardiac surgery: A prospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: To identify factors associated with excessive bleeding (ExB) after cardiac surgery in adults. BACKGROUND: Excessive bleeding after cardiac surgery must be anticipated for implementation of timely interventions. METHODS: A prospective cohort study with 323 adults requiring open-chest cardiac surgery. Potential factors associated with ExB were investigated through univariate analysis and logistic regression. The accuracy of the relationship between the independent variables and the outcome was depicted through the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS: The factors associated with ExB included gender, body mass index (BMI), preoperative platelet count, intraoperative heparin doses and intraoperative platelet transfusion. The ROC curve cut-off points were 26.35 for the BMI; 214,000 for the preoperative platelet count, and 6.25 for intraoperative heparin dose. This model had an accuracy = 77.3%, a sensitivity = 81%, and a specificity = 62%. CONCLUSIONS: Male gender, BMI, preoperative platelet count, dose of intraoperative heparin >312.5 mg without subsequent platelet transfusion, are factors associated with ExB.

Validação de definições para indicadores do resultado NOC: Autocontrole da doença cardíaca / Validación de definiciones para indicadores del resultado NOC: Autocontrol de la enfermedad cardíaca / Validation of definitions of the indicators for Nursing Outcomes Classification outcomes: Self-management cardiac disease

Resumo Objetivo Validar definições conceituais e operacionais para os indicadores do resultado NOC "Autocontrole da doença cardíaca". Métodos Estudo metodológico de validação consensual desenvolvido em três etapas: revisão integrativa da literatura, elaboração de definições conceituais e operacionais para os indicadores do resultado NOC "Autocontrole da doença cardíaca" e validação das definições por consenso de 20 especialistas. Foi realizado teste binomial para análise da proporção de especialistas que concordaram que as definições elaboradas eram relevantes e claras. Valores de p inferiores a 0,05 indicavam diferença significativa na opinião dos especialistas quanto à relevância e a clareza das definições. Resultados Na avaliação dos especialistas, as definições conceituais de 43 indicadores apresentaram valores de p > 0,05 para clareza e 43 para relevância. Nas definições operacionais 36 indicadores apresentaram valor de p>0,05 para clareza e 43 para relevância. Para indicadores com o p<0,05 reajustes foram feitos conforme as sugestões dos especialistas. Conclusão O estabelecimento de definições conceituais e operacionais para indicadores NOC torna o processo de avaliação mais confiável, orientando a prática clínica em direção a melhores resultados. Quando validados, esses indicadores podem oferecer maior precisão, aumentando a efetividade da prática clínica.

Resumen Objetivo Validar definiciones conceptuales y operativas para los indicadores del resultado NOC "Autocontrol de la enfermedad cardíaca" Métodos Estudio metodológico de validación consensual realizado en tres etapas: revisión integradora de la literatura, elaboración de definiciones conceptuales y operacionales para los indicadores del resultado NOC "Autocontrol de la enfermedad cardíaca" y validación de las definiciones por consenso de 20 especialistas. Se realizó test binomial para analizar la proporción de especialistas que estaba de acuerdo con que las definiciones elaboradas eran relevantes y claras. Valores de p inferiores a 0,05 indicaban diferencia significativa en la opinión de los especialistas con relación a la relevancia y claridad de las definiciones. Resultados En el análisis de los especialistas, las definiciones conceptuales de 43 indicadores presentaron valores de p>0,05 respecto a la claridad y 43 a la relevancia. En las definiciones operativas, 36 indicadores presentaron valores de p>0,05 respecto a la claridad y 43 a la relevancia. Con relación a los indicadores con p<0,05, se realizaron ajustes según las sugerencias de los especialistas. Conclusión Establecer definiciones conceptuales y operativas para indicadores NOC permite que el proceso de evaluación sea más confiable, lo que orienta la práctica clínica a la obtención de mejores resultados. Al validarlos, estos indicadores pueden ofrecer mayor precisión y aumentar la efectividad de la práctica médica.

Abstract Objective To validate conceptual and operational definitions of the indicators for NOC outcomes: cardiac disease self-management. Methods This consensus-validation study was developed in three steps: integrative literature review, development of conceptual and operational definitions of the indicators for NOC outcome: cardiac disease self-management, and consensus-validation of definitions by 20 nursing specialists. A binomial test was conducted to analyze the proportion of nursing specialists who agreed on the relevance and clarity of definitions. P-values lower than 0.05 indicated a significant difference of the opinion among nursing specialits concerning the relevance and clarity of definitions. Results After the reviewing by nursing specialits, the conceptual definitions of 43 indicators for clarity and 43 for relevance had a p >0.05. Operational definitions of 36 indicators presented for clarity and 43 for relevance had a p-value >0.05. Indicators showing p <0.05 were adjusted accordingly to reflect the opinion of nursing specialists. Conclusion To establish conceptual and operational definitions for NOC indicators turn the assessment process more, and guide the clinical practice towards better results. Once validated, these indicators may provide higher precision and increase effectiveness in clinical practice.

Predictors of red blood cell transfusion after cardiac surgery: a prospective cohort study / Fatores preditores de transfusão de concentrado de hemácias após cirurgia cardíaca: um estudo coorte prospectivo / Factores predictivos de transfusión de concentrado de hematíes después de cirugía cardiaca: un estudio cohorte prospectivo

Abstract OBJECTIVE To identify predictors of red blood cell transfusion (RBCT) after cardiac surgery. METHOD A prospective cohort study performed with 323 adults after cardiac surgery, from April to December of 2013. A data collection instrument was constructed by the researchers containing factors associated with excessive bleeding after cardiac surgery, as found in the literature, for investigation in the immediate postoperative period. The relationship between risk factors and the outcome was assessed by univariate analysis and logistic regression. RESULTS The factors associated with RBCT in the immediate postoperative period included lower height and weight, decreased platelet count, lower hemoglobin level, higher prevalence of platelet count <150x10 3/mm3, lower volume of protamine, longer duration of anesthesia, higher prevalence of intraoperative RBCT, lower body temperature, higher heart rate and higher positive end-expiratory pressure. The independent predictor was weight <66.5Kg. CONCLUSION Factors associated with RBCT in the immediate postoperative period of cardiac surgery were found. The independent predictor was weight.

Resumo OBJETIVO Identificar preditores de transfusão de concentrado de hemácias (TCH) após cirurgia cardíaca. MÉTODO Estudo de coorte prospectivo realizado com 323 adultos após cirurgia cardíaca de abril a dezembro de 2013. Um instrumento de coleta de dados foi construído pelas pesquisadoras contendo fatores associados a sangramento excessivo após cirurgia cardíaca encontrados na literatura, para investigação no pós-operatório imediato. A relação entre os fatores de risco e o desfecho foi verificada por análise univariada e regressão logística. RESULTADOS Os fatores associados à transfusão de concentrado de hemácias no pós-operatório imediato incluíram menor peso e altura, menor contagem plaquetária, menor nível de hemoglobina, maior prevalência de contagem plaquetária <150x10 3/mm 3, menor volume de protamina, maior duração da anestesia, maior prevalência de transfusão de concentrado de hemácias intraoperatória, menor temperatura corporal, maior frequência cardíaca e maior pressão positiva expiratória final. O preditor independente foi peso<66,5Kg. CONCLUSÃO Encontraram-se fatores associados à transfusão de concentrado de hemácias no pós-operatório imediato de cirurgia cardíaca. O preditor independente foi o peso.

Resumen OBJETIVO Identificar predictivos de transfusión de concentrado de hematíes (TCH) después de cirugía cardiaca. MÉTODO Estudio de cohorte prospectivo llevado a cabo con 323 adultos luego de cirugía cardiaca de abril a diciembre de 2013. Un instrumento de recolección de datos fue diseñado por las investigadoras abarcando factores asociados con sangrado excesivo tras cirugía cardiaca encontrados en la literatura, para la investigación en el posoperatorio inmediato. La relación entre los factores de riesgo y el resultado fue verificada por análisis univariado y regresión logística. RESULTADOS Los factores asociados con la transfusión de concentrado de hematíes en el posoperatorio inmediato incluyeron peso y altura, menor conteo plaquetario, menor nivel de hemoglobina, mayor prevalencia de conteo plaquetario <150x10 3/mm 3, menor volumen de protamina, mayor duración de la anestesia, mayor prevalencia de transfusión de concentrado de hematíes intraoperatorio, menor temperatura corporal, mayor frecuencia cardiaca y mayor presión positiva espiratoria final. El predictor independiente fue peso<66,5kg. CONCLUSIÓN Se hallaron factores asociados con la transfusión de concentrado de hematíes en el posoperatorio inmediato de cirugía cardiaca. El predictor independiente fue el peso.

Self-Care Behaviors in Heart Failure

OBJECTIVE: To identify self-care behaviors, instruments, techniques, parameters for the assessment of self-care behaviors in people with heart failure, compare these behaviors with the indicators of the Nursing Outcomes Classification outcome, Self-Management: Cardiac Disease. METHOD: Integrative literature review performed in Lilacs, Medline, CINAHL, and Cochrane, including publications from 2009 to 2015. One thousand six hundred ninety-one articles were retrieved from the search, of which 165 were selected for analysis. RESULTS: Ten self-care behaviors and several different assessment instruments, techniques, and parameters were identified. The addition and removal of some indicators are proposed, based on this review. The data provide substrate for the development of conceptual and operational definitions of the indicators, making the outcome more applicable for use in clinical practice.

Factors associated with excessive bleeding after cardiac surgery: a prospective cohort study

Objective To identify factors associated with excessive bleeding (ExB) after cardiac surgery in adults. Background Excessive bleeding after cardiac surgery must be anticipated for implementation of timely interventions. Methods A prospective cohort study with 323 adults requiring open-chest cardiac surgery. Potential factors associated with ExB were investigated through univariate analysis and logistic regression. The accuracy of the relationship between the independent variables and the outcome was depicted through the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve. ResultsThe factors associated with ExB included gender, body mass index (BMI), preoperative platelet count, intraoperative heparin doses and intraoperative platelet transfusion. The ROC curve cut-off points were 26.35 for the BMI; 214,000 for the preoperative platelet count, and 6.25 for intraoperative heparin dose. This model had an accuracy = 77.3%, a sensitivity = 81%, and a specificity = 62%. Conclusions Male gender, BMI, preoperative platelet count, dose of intraoperative heparin >312.5 mg without subsequent platelet transfusion, are factors associated with ExB.