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1.
Life Sci ; 240: 117093, 2020 Jan 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31760100

RESUMO

Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as anti-PD-1 drugs, is an area in increasing development for its efficacy and advantages in the treatment of advanced metastatic melanoma. In fact, immunotherapy has been the target of several and recent studies in different types of cancer, namely in melanoma, a globally growing threat. Contributing to the increasing incidence of this cancer is climate change, particularly global warming of the past century, which has increased the tendency to spend more time outdoors and, consequently, exposure to sunlight and ultraviolet radiation. Among the most relevant risk factors for melanoma is the increase in ultraviolet radiation due to ozone layer depletion, one of the main factors responsible for the incidence of new cases. Anti-PD-1 agents like Nivolumab and Pembrolizumab allow a more effective treatment, enhancing the duration of the responses to therapy and prolonging the survival of the patient. However, recent studies about safety and tolerability have stated that, although these drugs present less adverse effects and toxicity, they may lead to specific autoimmune-mediated adverse events. Overall, immunotherapy with anti-PD-1 agents represents a highly promising area in the treatment of some types of cancer such as melanoma.


Assuntos
Antígeno B7-H1/antagonistas & inibidores , Imunoterapia/métodos , Melanoma/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/uso terapêutico , Antineoplásicos Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Metástase Neoplásica , Nivolumabe/uso terapêutico
3.
Sleep Med ; 16(8): 971-5, 2015 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26071851

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The sleep of patients admitted to coronary care unit (CCU) may be compromised. A feasible and cost-effective tool to evaluate sleep in this scenario could provide important data. The aim of this study was to evaluate sleep with a questionnaire developed specifically for the CCU and to validate it with polysomnography (PSG). METHODS: Ninety-nine patients (68% male; 56 ± 10 years old) with acute coronary syndrome were included. PSG was performed within 36 h of admission. A specific 18-question questionnaire (CCU questionnaire) was developed and applied after the PSG. Cronbach's alpha test was used to validate the questionnaire. The Spearman test was used to analyze the correlation between the PSG variables and the questionnaire, and the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the PSG variables among patients with good, regular, or poor sleep. RESULTS: The total sleep time was 265 ± 81 min, sleep efficiency 62 ± 18%, REM sleep 10 ± 7%, apnea/hypopnea index 15 ± 23, and the arousal index 24 ± 15. Cronbach's alpha test was 0.69. The CCU questionnaire showed correlation with the sleep efficiency evaluated by PSG (r: 0.52; p < 0.001). Sleep quality was divided into three categories according to the CCU questionnaire: patients with good sleep had a sleep efficiency of 72 ± 9%, better than those with a regular or poor sleep (60 ± 16% and 53 ± 20%, respectively; p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The CCU questionnaire is a feasible and reliable tool to evaluate sleep in the CCU, showing correlation with the PSG sleep efficiency.


Assuntos
Unidades de Cuidados Coronarianos , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/diagnóstico , Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/complicações , Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/terapia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Polissonografia , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sono , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/etiologia , Sono REM , Inquéritos e Questionários/normas
4.
Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg ; 19(3): 382-7, 2014 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24899589

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this trial was to compare functional capacity, pulmonary shunt fraction and clinical outcomes between patients undergoing pleurotomy with a pleural drain inserted in the sub-xyphoid position and patients with a pleural drain placed in the intercostal position after off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery. METHODS: Patients were randomized into two groups according to the pleural drain site: Group II (n = 33 intercostal pleural drain); and Group SI (n = 35 sub-xyphoid pleural drain). Functional capacity was assessed by the distance covered on the 6-min walking test performed preoperatively and on postoperative day (POD) 5; in addition, pulmonary function test was determined preoperatively and on POD 1 and 5. Pulmonary shunt fraction was evaluated preoperatively and on POD 1, and clinical outcomes were recorded throughout the study. RESULTS: Group SI had better preservation of lung volumes and capacities in POD compared with Group II (P <0.05). Pulmonary shunt fraction increased in both groups postoperatively; however, Group SI showed a smaller pulmonary shunt fraction (0.26 ± 0.04 vs 0.21 ± 0.04%; P = 0.0014). Functional capacity was significantly reduced in both groups on POD 5; however, Group SI showed better preservation of functional capacity (P = 0.0001). Group SI had better postoperative clinical results, with lower incidence of atelectasis and pleural effusion (P <0.05), lower pain scores (P <0.0001), and shorter orotracheal intubation and hospitalization lengths (P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Sub-xyphoid pleural drain determined better functional capacity and exercise tolerance with a smaller pulmonary shunt fraction and improved clinical outcomes compared with intercostal pleural drainage after off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery.


Assuntos
Ponte de Artéria Coronária sem Circulação Extracorpórea , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/cirurgia , Drenagem/métodos , Pulmão/fisiopatologia , Idoso , Brasil , Ponte de Artéria Coronária sem Circulação Extracorpórea/efeitos adversos , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnóstico , Drenagem/efeitos adversos , Teste de Esforço , Tolerância ao Exercício , Feminino , Volume Expiratório Forçado , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pleura , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos Prospectivos , Testes de Função Respiratória , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Capacidade Vital , Caminhada
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