RESUMO
We report 45 incidents of candidemia in 45 patients diagnosed with hematologic malignancies between 1997 and 2004. A large majority of species isolated were non-albicans and there was an unexpectedly high incidence of Candida tropicalis. The attributable mortality (15%) was interestingly low in this population of severely immunocompromised patients.
Assuntos
Candidíase/epidemiologia , Fungemia/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Hematológicas/complicações , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Candida/classificação , Candida/isolamento & purificação , Candida albicans/isolamento & purificação , Candida glabrata/isolamento & purificação , Candida tropicalis/isolamento & purificação , Candidíase/tratamento farmacológico , Candidíase/etiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , França/epidemiologia , Fungemia/tratamento farmacológico , Fungemia/etiologia , Humanos , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Incidência , Intestinos/microbiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
We describe 4 cases of zygomycosis that occurred after prolonged use of voriconazole in severely immunocompromised patients with hematologic disease. An invasive infection was present in 3 patients who died soon after the diagnosis at 12, 13, and 45 days. Physicians should be mindful of this potential risk after treatment with voriconazole.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Doenças Hematológicas/complicações , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Mucormicose/microbiologia , Pirimidinas/uso terapêutico , Triazóis/uso terapêutico , Absidia/isolamento & purificação , Adulto , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mucormicose/tratamento farmacológico , Mucormicose/mortalidade , Mucormicose/cirurgia , Rhizomucor/isolamento & purificação , Rhizopus/isolamento & purificação , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , VoriconazolRESUMO
Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated yeast responsible for disseminated meningitis in immunocompromised hosts. Controversies persist on the existence of primary cutaneous cryptococcosis (PCC) versus cutaneous cryptococcosis being only secondary to hematogenous dissemination. Thus, we reviewed cryptococcosis cases associated with skin lesions reported in the French National Registry. Patients with PCC (n=28) differed significantly from those with secondary cutaneous cryptococcosis (n=80) or other forms of the disease (n=1866) by living area (mostly rural), age (older), ratio of men to women (approximately 1:1), and the lack of underlying disease. Evidence of PCC included the absence of dissemination and, predominantly, a solitary skin lesion on unclothed areas presenting as a whitlow or phlegmon, a history of skin injury, participation in outdoor activities, or exposure to bird droppings, and isolation of C. neoformans serotype D. Therefore, PCC is a distinct epidemiological and clinical entity with a favorable prognosis even for immunocompromised hosts.
Assuntos
Criptococose/epidemiologia , Cryptococcus neoformans , Dermatomicoses/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Criptococose/diagnóstico por imagem , Criptococose/tratamento farmacológico , Criptococose/microbiologia , Cryptococcus neoformans/classificação , Dermatomicoses/diagnóstico por imagem , Dermatomicoses/tratamento farmacológico , Dermatomicoses/microbiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Radiografia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The incidence of mucormycosis, defined as systemic infection caused by fungi of the class Phycomycetes has been increasing over the past 2 decades, especially in profoundly immunocompromised hosts. We report a new case in a patient presenting with post-transplant high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who received a prolonged treatment with voriconazole and caspofungin for an invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Definite diagnosis of mucormycosis was made by liver biopsy of nodules mimicking progressive lymphoma. The patient died 1 week after the diagnosis of mucormycosis despite the administration of liposomal amphotericin B. The role of voriconazole and caspofungin in the emergence of mucormycosis is discussed.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/efeitos adversos , Aspergilose Broncopulmonar Alérgica/complicações , Transplante de Rim/efeitos adversos , Linfoma não Hodgkin/complicações , Mucormicose/etiologia , Anfotericina B/uso terapêutico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Aspergilose Broncopulmonar Alérgica/tratamento farmacológico , Aspergilose Broncopulmonar Alérgica/etiologia , Caspofungina , Equinocandinas , Evolução Fatal , Feminino , Humanos , Lipopeptídeos , Linfoma não Hodgkin/tratamento farmacológico , Linfoma não Hodgkin/etiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mucormicose/diagnóstico , Mucormicose/tratamento farmacológico , Peptídeos Cíclicos/efeitos adversos , Pirimidinas/efeitos adversos , Falha de Tratamento , Triazóis/efeitos adversos , VoriconazolRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to assess the risk of fungal infections related to the water supply in several hospitals and to clarify the appropriate methodology in order to standardize the technical conditions of the controls and develop guidelines. It was conducted in 10 university hospital centers across the country from February 2004 through March 2005. METHOD: A preliminary study allowed us to optimize the mycological analysis. The study was conducted under the same conditions as for bacteriological controls: water filtration through a cellulose acetate membrane cultured on agar. Departments with the highest patient risk were selected, including hematology, organ transplantation, and burn units. We selected 98 sites and sampled both water and water-related surfaces at each: three one-liter water samples (the first flow, cold and hot water) and two or three surface samples (inside the tap, pommel of the shower and siphon). At each site, a form was filled to specify its location in the unit, any water treatment (chlorine or other), filtering, and temperature. Water from taps equipped with sterilized filtration was sampled without the filter. RESULTS: There was a significant difference (p=0.039) in the number of positive cultures between the three types of water sampled: hot water (>50 degrees C) was colonized less often than first flow or cold water. Only 4% of the hot-water samples had positive cultures, compared to the 52% of the cold-water samples. Except in two hospitals with generalized contamination of the water pipes (one with Exophiala spp and the other with Fusarium spp), colonization was usually slight. Cold water was more colonized than hot water, but 79% of the samples yielded fewer than 5CFU/L. Dematiaceous hyphomycetes were isolated; Aspergillus spp were rare. The number of CFU in surface samples (that is, biofilms) was higher (mean=15 CFU per sample) but surfaces were positive less often than water (13% compared with 43% of all water samples). Sampling from siphons was productive more often than from taps (23%), but the molds isolated differed from those in the related water. Relations to bacterial flora and P. aeruginosa were also studied, together with the effects of chemical treatment. CONCLUSION: Current regulations require only bacteriological survey. The absence of knowledge about the threshold of contamination at which there is a risk of nosocomial invasive fungal infections makes it difficult to impose routine monitoring. Mycological surveys of water are required during hospital renovation, plumbing work, pipe maintenance and when air samples are negative during nosocomial infection investigations.