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OBJECTIVES: To explore the barriers and facilitators to prenatal care, as well as the knowledge about healthy pregnancy and the attitude towards pregnancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mixed-methods study in pregnant women with social and economic vulnerability. Barriers and facilitators for prenatal care were examined using ethnographic methods, while structured and semi-structured interviews were used to assess knowledge and attitudes. Data were categorized during the qualitative analysis, and frequencies, ratios, average and standard deviation were calculated in the quantitative analysis. RESULTS: Ten women aged between 18 and 33 years were interviewed; 50% sought prenatal care during their first trimester. Facilitators included partner role and family support, and barriers were unsafe neighborhood and home, and lack of funds to cover transportation to the clinic. Most women did not receive information related to weight gain. Almost none knew about depression or abuse. Half of them did not know about risks of addictive substances, nor did they know about prevention of infectious diseases. Finally, attitudes towards pregnancy were: environmental stressors; chaotic homes; fears about pregnancy; and interest in knowing more about pregnancy. CONCLUSION: The interviewed women were open to learn about their pregnancy and they have family and spouse support. Prenatal care should be strengthened with topics related to mental health, domestic abuse, healthy weight gain, risk of addictive substances, and prevention of infectious diseases. They can be enhanced by including safety in unsafe areas, as well as techniques for better time and family economy management.
OBJETIVOS: Explorar barreras y facilitadores para contar con atención prenatal, conocimientos sobre embarazo saludable y; actitudes frente al embarazo. MÉTODOS: Estudio cuali-cuantitativo, en embarazadas con vulnerabilidad socio-económica. Se examinaron barreras y facilitadores para recibir atención prenatal y entrevistas estructuradas y semi-estructuradas para evaluar conocimientos y actitudes frente al embarazo. En el análisis cualitativo se categorizaron datos y en el cuantitativo, se estimaron frecuencias y proporciones y promedio y D.E. RESULTADOS: Se entrevistaron 10 mujeres entre 18 y 33 años de edad, 50% acudieron al cuidado prenatal durante el primer trimestre. Los facilitadores para atención prenatal: roles en la pareja y apoyo familiar. Las barreras: entorno inseguro, al interior y el exterior del hogar y falta de recursos para transportarse. La mayoría no recibió información para aumentar de peso durante el embarazo. Casi ninguna conocía sobre depresión ni maltrato. La mitad desconocía riesgos del tabaco, alcohol y otras sustancias adictivas, así como de prevención de enfermedades infecto-contagiosas. Las actitudes en torno al embarazo: con estresores de su entorno; viven en ambientes caóticos; con miedos por el embarazo; e interés por adquirir conocimientos sobre su embarazo. CONCLUSIÓN: Las mujeres tienen disposición para adquirir conocimientos sobre el embarazo y cuentan con apoyo familiar y de pareja. Su atención debe fortalecer temas de salud mental, violencia familiar, ganancia saludable de peso, riesgos de sustancias adictivas y prevención de enfermedades infecto-contagiosas; contemplando afronta-miento de entornos inseguros, manejo del tiempo y de la economía familiar.
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OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the association of family factors with malnutrition and oral condition in adolescence. METHODS: a cross-sectional study of 456 adolescents was carried out to examine associations between family factors and risk for overweight or overweight (ROoO), risk for short stature or short stature (RSSoSS), and a DMFT (decayed, filled and missing-teeth) index > or = 8. RESULTS: the risk factors for ROoO were maternal educational level of high school or above (OR = 1.9, IC 95 % = 1.16-3.14) and having less than two siblings (OR = 1.6, IC 95 % = 1.13-2.34). Age > 15 years is associated with a DMFT index > or = 8 (OR = 1.9, IC 95 % = 1.14-2.34). CONCLUSIONS: a higher maternal educational level and having one or no siblings were ROoO risks. Increased age was a risk factor for caries.
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Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia , Nível de Saúde , Estado Nutricional , Saúde Bucal , Adolescente , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
Fundamentos: Se tiene poca información sobre compra y consumo de alimentos ante el confinamiento por SARSCoV-2 en pacientes socioeconómicamente vulnerables. El objetivo fue evaluar la compra y consumo de alimentosante confinamiento por SARS-CoV-2 de pacientes con sobrepeso u obesidad pertenecientes a una Clínica de Salud Incluyente en la Ciudad de México. Métodos: Estudio observacional, transversal analítico, con pacientes de ambos sexos, entre 30 y 70 años, con sobrepeso u obesidad, sin ansiedad y depresión severa. Vía telefónica, se preguntó por la compra y el consumo de alimentos, percepción de cambios de peso corporal y tiempo para preparar alimentos. Se aplicó estadística descriptiva, pruebas de chi-cuadrado y razón de momios. El nivel de significancia fue de 0,05. Resultados: Muestra de 30 pacientes, 50% sexo femenino, con una edad promedio 57,2 ± 5,9 años. La más alta percepción de aumento de precio y escasez fue en los grupos de frutas, verduras y alimentos de origen animal. Consumen dieta completa en frutas y verduras: 33,3%; alimentos de origen animal: 56% y cereales: 100% de los pacientes. Se determinó que el 6,7% tenía dieta inocua y el 43,3% variada. La percepción de aumento de precio de alimentos de origen animal y leguminosas se relacionó con la de aumento de peso corporal (OR:21; IC95% 1,833- 240,52 y OR:35; IC95% 1,780-693,41). Conclusiones: Durante confinamiento, la percepción de aumento de precio y escasez de frutas, verduras y alimentos de origen animal puede explicar su bajo consumo. Las recomendaciones de nutrición deberán facilitar consumo de frutas, verduras, leguminosas y alimentos de origen animal entre pacientes socioeconómicamente vulnerables. (AU)
Background: There is little information on the purchase and consumption of food in the face of confinement in underserved patients. Objective: To evaluate purchase and consumption of food during the confinement due to SARS-CoV-2 among overweight or obese patients in an Inclusive Health Clinic in Mexico City. Methods: Observational, cross-sectional analytical study, with patients of both sexes, between 30 and 70 years old, with overweight or obesity, without severe anxiety and depression. Through telephone calls, purchase and consumption of food, changes in body weight perception and in the time to prepare food were asked. Descriptive statistics, chi square and odd ratios were applied. The significance level 0.05. Results: The sample of 30 patients, 50% women, average age 57.2 (+5.9) years. The highest proportion of perception of price increase and scarcity was in the fruits and vegetables and animal products. With complete diet in fruits and vegetables: 33.3%; animal products: 56% and cereals: 100%. From all, 6.7% innocuous diet and 43% varied diet. The perception of increase price in animal products and legumes is related to perceiving an increase in body weight (OR: 21; 95% CI: 1.833-240.52 and OR: 35; 95% CI 1.780-693.41). Conclusions: During confinement, the perception of price increase and scarcity in fruits, vegetables and animal products explain the low amount of consumption. Conclusion: Based on our results, the nutrition recommendations need to facilitate consumption of fruits, vegetables, legumes and animal products among uderserved patients. (AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade , Pandemias , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Doença Crônica , Alimentos , DietaRESUMO
RESUMEN Objetivos Explorar barreras y facilitadores para contar con atención prenatal, conocimientos sobre embarazo saludable y; actitudes frente al embarazo. Métodos Estudio cuali-cuantitativo, en embarazadas con vulnerabilidad socio-económica. Se examinaron barreras y facilitadores para recibir atención prenatal y entrevistas estructuradas y semi-estructuradas para evaluar conocimientos y actitudes frente al embarazo. En el análisis cualitativo se categorizaron datos y en el cuantitativo, se estimaron frecuencias y proporciones y promedio y D.E. Resultados Se entrevistaron 10 mujeres entre 18 y 33 años de edad, 50% acudieron al cuidado prenatal durante el primer trimestre. Los facilitadores para atención prenatal: roles en la pareja y apoyo familiar. Las barreras: entorno inseguro, al interior y el exterior del hogar y falta de recursos para transportarse. La mayoría no recibió información para aumentar de peso durante el embarazo. Casi ninguna conocía sobre depresión ni maltrato. La mitad desconocía riesgos del tabaco, alcohol y otras sustancias adictivas, así como de prevención de enfermedades infecto-contagiosas. Las actitudes en torno al embarazo: con estresores de su entorno; viven en ambientes caóticos; con miedos por el embarazo; e interés por adquirir conocimientos sobre su embarazo. Conclusión Las mujeres tienen disposición para adquirir conocimientos sobre el embarazo y cuentan con apoyo familiar y de pareja. Su atención debe fortalecer temas de salud mental, violencia familiar, ganancia saludable de peso, riesgos de sustancias adictivas y prevención de enfermedades infecto-contagiosas; contemplando afronta-miento de entornos inseguros, manejo del tiempo y de la economía familiar.(AU)
ABSTRACT Objectives To explore the barriers and facilitators to prenatal care, as well as the knowledge about healthy pregnancy and the attitude towards pregnancy. Materials and Methods Mixed-methods study in pregnant women with social and economic vulnerability. Barriers and facilitators for prenatal care were examined using ethnographic methods, while structured and semi-structured interviews were used to assess knowledge and attitudes. Data were categorized during the qualitative analysis, and frequencies, ratios, average and standard deviation were calculated in the quantitative analysis. Results Ten women aged between 18 and 33 years were interviewed; 50% sought prenatal care during their first trimester. Facilitators included partner role and family support, and barriers were unsafe neighborhood and home, and lack of funds to cover transportation to the clinic. Most women did not receive information related to weight gain. Almost none knew about depression or abuse. Half of them did not know about risks of addictive substances, nor did they know about prevention of infectious diseases. Finally, attitudes towards pregnancy were: environmental stressors; chaotic homes; fears about pregnancy; and interest in knowing more about pregnancy. Conclusion The interviewed women were open to learn about their pregnancy and they have family and spouse support. Prenatal care should be strengthened with topics related to mental health, domestic abuse, healthy weight gain, risk of addictive substances, and prevention of infectious diseases. They can be enhanced by including safety in unsafe areas, as well as techniques for better time and family economy management.(AU)
RESUMO: Objetivos Explorar barreiras e facilitadores para ter atendimento pré-natal, conhecimento sobre gravidez saudável e; atitudes em relação à gravidez. Métodos Estudo qualitativo-quantitativo em gestantes com vulnerabilidade socioeconômica. Barreiras e facilitadores para o atendimento pré-natal e entrevistas estruturadas e semiestruturadas foram examinadas para avaliar conhecimentos e atitudes em relação à gravidez. Na análise qualitativa, os dados foram categorizados e, na quantitativa, foram estimadas frequências e proporções e média e DP. Resultados Foram entrevistadas 10 mulheres entre 18 e 33 anos de idade, 50% realizaram pré-natal durante o primeiro trimestre. Facilitadores do pré-natal: papéis no casal e apoio familiar. Barreiras: ambiente inseguro, dentro e fora de casa e falta de recursos para o transporte. A maioria não recebeu informações para ganhar peso durante a gravidez. Quase ninguém sabia sobre depressão ou abuso. Metade desconhecia os riscos do tabaco, álcool e outras substâncias viciantes, bem como a prevenção de doenças infecciosas e contagiosas. Atitudes em torno da gravidez: com estressores em seu ambiente; eles vivem em ambientes caóticos; com medos de gravidez; e interesse em aprender sobre sua gravidez. Conclusão As mulheres estão dispostas a adquirir conhecimento sobre a gravidez e ter apoio da família e do parceiro. Sua atenção deve fortalecer questões de saúde mental, violência familiar, ganho de peso saudável, riscos de substâncias viciantes e prevenção de doenças infecto-contagiosas; contemplando lidar com ambientes inseguros, gerenciamento de tempo e finanças familiares.(AU)
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Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Cuidado Pré-Natal/organização & administração , Saúde Materno-Infantil , Populações Vulneráveis , Inquéritos e Questionários , Estudo ObservacionalRESUMO
Introducción: la hipertensión arterial sistémica es un factor de riesgo cardiovascular. En México afecta al 33.3% de los hombres y al 30.8% de mujeres. Objetivo: evaluar la efectividad de una intervención en nutrición en pacientes con hipertensión arterial sistémica. Métodos: estudio cuasiexperimental de antes y después con grupo de comparación en 22 pacientes adultos con hipertensión arterial sin comorbilidades que reciben atención primaria. El grupo de estudio (n=11) recibió educación grupal y consulta de nutrición. El control (n=11) sólo consulta de nutrición. Se midieron: tensión arterial sistólica y diastólica, peso, IMC, relación cintura cadera, porcentaje de grasa corporal, niveles de actividad física y conocimiento acerca de la hipertensión arterial sistémica. Resultados: después de la intervención, en el grupo de estudio, se observó disminución de peso (p=0.032) e índice de masa corporal (p=0.027); y aumentó de actividad física (p=0.016) y conocimiento (p=0.026). Se encontraron diferencias entre grupos en actividad física (p=0.002) y conocimiento acerca de la hipertensión arterial sistémica (p<0.001). Discusión: la intervención grupal es efectiva para disminuir peso e índice de masa corporal. La tensión arterial, el nivel de actividad física y el conocimiento acerca de la hipertensión arterial se modificaron favorablemente. Conclusiones: la intervención en nutrición grupal tiene un impacto positivo en las variables asociadas con la enfermedad cardiovascular (AU)
Introduction: Hypertension is a cardiovascular risk factor. In Mexico, the rate in men was 33.3% and in women 30.8%. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a nutrition intervention in patients with hypertension. Methods: a before and after cuasi-experimental study with comparison group in 22 adult patients with hypertension without comorbidities in primary health care. The study group (n=11) received group education and nutritional consultation. The control (n=11) only nutritional consultation. Measurements included systolic and diastolic blood pressure, weight, BMI, waisthip ratio, body fat percentage and, levels of physical activity and hypertension knowledge. Results: After intervention, in the group study, weight (p=0.032) and body mass index (p=0.027) decreased and, physical activity (p=0.016) and hypertension knowledge increased (p=0.026). Levels of physical activity (p=0.002) and hypertension knowledge (p<0.001) between groups were statistically different. Discussion: the group intervention is effective lowering weight and body mass index; blood pressure, physical activity and hypertension knowledge were also modified favorably. Conclusions: the nutrition intervention group impact favorably on variables related to cardiovascular disease (AU)