Work Exposures and Development of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review.

INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the number one cause of death, and there is evidence that work exposures could be associated with their development. This study aimed to systematically review observational studies of adults exposed to job strain, effort-reward imbalance, long working hours, job insecurity, shift work, and occupational noise, and assess the association of those work exposures with CVDs. METHODS: The Navigation Guide framework was applied. The population were adults of working age (18-65), and cohort and case-control studies were included. The work exposures were job strain, effort-reward imbalance, long working hours, job insecurity, shift work, and occupational noise. The outcomes were cerebrovascular diseases, ischaemic heart disease, and hypertensive diseases. The selection, data extraction, risk of bias assessment, and quality assessment were carried out by two reviewers independently and disagreements were solved by a third reviewer or by consensus. The synthesis of the results was done by applying the 'vote counting based on direction' method, and the results were summarized in an effect direction plot. The strength of the evidence for every risk factor and CVD was defined by consensus. RESULTS: A total of 17 643 papers were initially identified in the literature search, but after applying the filters by title and abstract, and full text, 86 studies were finally included. From the included studies, sufficient evidence was found of the harmfulness of job strain for cerebrovascular disease and ischemic heart disease. Furthermore, there was sufficient evidence of the harmfulness of shift work for ischemic heart disease. Evidence of no relationship was found between long working hours and shift work with ischaemic heart disease and hypertensive disease, respectively. The other associations of work exposures and CVDs had limited or inadequate evidence of harmfulness. CONCLUSIONS: In this comprehensive review, there was sufficient evidence of a harmful relationship between job strain, shift work, and CVDs. For the other work exposures, more high-quality studies are needed. In order to improve current prevention strategies for CVDs, the findings of this review imply that job strain and shift work are work exposures that constitute additional risk factors that could be approached as targets for worksite interventions. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42020179972.

COVID-19 Living Overview of Evidence repository is highly comprehensive and can be used as a single source for COVID-19 studies.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The coronavirus disease 2019 Living OVerview of Evidence (COVID-19 L·OVE) is a public repository and classification platform for COVID-19 articles. The repository contains more than 430,000 articles as of September 20, 2021 and intends to provide a one-stop shop for COVID-19 evidence. Considering that systematic reviews conduct high-quality searches, this study assesses the comprehensiveness and currency of the repository against the total number of studies in a representative sample of COVID-19 systematic reviews. METHODS: Our sample was generated from all the studies included in the systematic reviews of COVID-19 published during April 2021. We estimated the comprehensiveness of COVID-19 L·OVE repository by determining how many of the individual studies in the sample were included in the COVID-19 L·OVE repository. We estimated the currency as the percentage of studies that was available in the COVID-19 L·OVE repository at the time the systematic reviews conducted their own search. RESULTS: We identified 83 eligible systematic reviews that included 2,132 studies. COVID-19 L·OVE had an overall comprehensiveness of 99.67% (2,125/2,132). The overall currency of the repository, that is, the proportion of articles that would have been obtained if the search of the reviews was conducted in COVID-19 L·OVE instead of searching the original sources, was 96.48% (2,057/2,132). Both the comprehensiveness and the currency were 100% for randomized trials (82/82). CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 L·OVE repository is highly comprehensive and current. Using this repository instead of traditional manual searches in multiple databases can save a great amount of work to people conducting systematic reviews and would improve the comprehensiveness and timeliness of evidence syntheses. This tool is particularly important for supporting living evidence synthesis processes.

Efectos de la terapia de interacción guiada sobre el bienestar de diadas en riesgo psicosocial / Effects of interaction guidance therapy on wellbeing of dyads in psychosocial risk

Se presentan resultados de un estudio sobre la efectividad de una intervención con video-retroalimentación para familias vulnerables, llamada terapia de interacción guiada (IG). La muestra estuvo compuesta por 19 diadas -figura parental y niños entre 2 y 10 años-, participantes en programas sociales de intervención familiar. Se evaluó el nivel de ajuste conductual y socioemocional en los niños y adultos, mediante un diseño pre-post de grupo único. Se encontró diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p<0.05) con mejorías en los problemas de los niños, y en el bienestar general y sintomatología ansioso-depresiva del adulto, pero no en las variables de estrés contextual ni en las relaciones sociales del adulto; la IG parece funcionar mejor en niños menores de 6 años. Estos hallazgos indican que la IG sería efectiva para mejorar el bienestar y salud mental de díadas en riesgo psicosocial, requiriéndose más investigación para respaldar esta tendencia preliminar.

Outcomes of a study about the effectiveness of an intervention using video feedback for vulnerable families, called interaction guidance therapy (IG), are presented. The sample was composed by 19 dyads -parent and children between 2 and 10 years-, participants in social programs of family intervention. The level of behavior and emotional adjustment of children and adults was assessed, by means of a pre-post design with a single group. Statistical significant differences were found (p<0.05), with improvements in children problems, and in general wellbeing and anxious-depressive symptomatology of the adult, but not in the variables of contextual stress neither in the social relationships of the adult; IG seems to work better with children younger than 6 years of age. These results indicate that IG would be effective to improve the wellbeing and mental health of dyads in psychosocial risk requiring more research to support this preliminary trend.

Odontopediatría y enfermedad celíaca: diagnóstico y tratmaiento de las lesiones bucales / Pediatric dentistry and celiac disease: diagnosis and treatment of the oral lesions

La enfermedad celíaca es una alteración de base inmunológica que puede presentarse en cualquier etapa de la vida. La causa es la intolerancia al gluten en aquellas personas predispuestas genéticamente. El diagnóstico precoz en niños permite adherir auna dieta libre de gluten y evitar consecuencias vinculadas con la enfermedad. El objetivo de este trabajo es orientar sobre las lesiones en tejidos blandos y duros de la cavidad bucal o retardo en la cronología de la erupción, que podrían asociarse a enfermedad celíaca (EC) y realizar la derivación oportuna al médico pediatra...