Assuntos
Transtornos da Nutrição Infantil/prevenção & controle , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Infantil/fisiologia , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde , Política Nutricional , África Subsaariana/epidemiologia , Transtornos da Nutrição Infantil/epidemiologia , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Lactente , Transtornos da Nutrição do Lactente/epidemiologia , Transtornos da Nutrição do Lactente/prevenção & controle , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição do Lactente/fisiologia , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Necessidades Nutricionais , Estado Nutricional , Vigilância da PopulaçãoRESUMO
In Haiti, a novel approach to nutritional surveillance was developed on the basis of a low-cost, simple-to-repeat set of household surveys in all nine administrative departments using sentinel community sites. This system allows each department to independently conduct follow-up surveys as needed. The results of the first round of surveys conducted in 1995 show lower malnutrition rates in typical food-deficient departments and high levels of malnutrition in several food-surplus areas. Further analyses underscore the importance of variables related to child-care practices and of care-enabling factors such as household food security, health environment, and caregivers' time and education. These findings challenge the traditional thinking among a majority of Haitian policy makers who look at the malnutrition problem solely from the perspective of local food production.
Assuntos
Abastecimento de Alimentos , Distúrbios Nutricionais/epidemiologia , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Fatores Etários , Estatura , Peso Corporal , Criança , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Infantil , Pré-Escolar , Características da Família , Feminino , Haiti/epidemiologia , Educação em Saúde , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Distúrbios Nutricionais/prevenção & controle , Política Nutricional , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
There are few studies of community growth promotion as a means of addressing malnutrition that are based on longitudinal analysis of large-scale programmes with adequate controls to construct a counterfactual. The current study uses a difference in difference comparison of cohorts to assess the impact on the proportion of underweight children who lived in villages receiving services provided by the Senegal Nutrition Enhancement Project between 2004 and 2006. The project, designed to extend nutrition and growth promotion intervention into rural areas through non-governmental organisation service providers, significantly lowered the risk of a child having a weight more than 2 sd below international norms. The odds ratio of being underweight for children in programme villages after introduction of the intervention was 0.83 (95% CI 0.686, 1.000), after controlling for regional trends and village and household characteristics. Most measured aspects of health care and health seeking behaviour improved in the treatment relative to the control.
Assuntos
Serviços de Saúde Comunitária/métodos , Promoção da Saúde/métodos , Desnutrição/prevenção & controle , Magreza/prevenção & controle , Desenvolvimento Infantil , Proteção da Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos de Coortes , Estudos Cross-Over , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Entrevistas como Assunto , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Desnutrição/epidemiologia , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Serviços de Saúde Rural , Senegal/epidemiologia , Magreza/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Results from three national surveys in Haiti suggest that the prevalence of stunting, under-weight, and wasting in children fell considerably between 1978 and 1990. In the following four years, rates of stunting and underweight levelled off, while that of wasting nearly doubled. Child nutrition deteriorated dramatically during a period of intense political crisis and international sanctions that included a strctly enforced trade embargo. Human welfare should be monitored whenever international sanctions are imposed to regulate a country's behavior
Según los resultados de tres encuestas nacionales en Haití, la prevalencia del retraso del crecimiento, la insuficiencia ponderal y la emaciación en niños se redujeron notablemente entre 1978 y 1990. En los años posteriores, las tasas de retraso del crecimiento y de insuficiencia ponderal se nivelaron, mientras que la tasa de emaciación casi se duplicó. La nutrición de los niños se deterioró marcadamente durante un período de crisis política intensa y de sanciones internacionales, que incluyeron un bloqueo económico riguroso. Es necesario vigilar el bienestar de los seres humanos cuando se imponen sanciones internacionales para controlar las acciones de un país
Assuntos
Economia , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Transtornos da Nutrição Infantil/diagnóstico , HaitiRESUMO
Results from three national surveys in Haiti suggest that the prevalence of stunting, under-weight, and wasting in children fell considerably between 1978 and 1990. In the following four years, rates of stunting and underweight levelled off, while that of wasting nearly doubled. Child nutrition deteriorated dramatically during a period of intense political crisis and international sanctions that included a strctly enforced trade embargo. Human welfare should be monitored whenever international sanctions are imposed to regulate a country's behavior