Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Urinary Tract Infections: A Cross-Sectional Study from Southwestern Saudi Arabia.

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a prevalent form of urinary tract diseases affecting individuals of all ages and genders. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), UTIs are a significant burden on the healthcare system, comprising 10% of all infections and ranking as the second leading cause of emergency department admissions. Despite this, limited research has been conducted in Saudi Arabia, particularly in Jazan Province, located in the southwestern region. Methods: This retrospective, cross-sectional study encompassed individuals with positive urine cultures who sought care at a tertiary hospital in Jazan between January 2022 and March 2023. A standardized data collection form was utilized to retrieve relevant information from microbiology lab test results and patients' electronic medical records. Variables such as sex, urine sample collection date, bacterial isolates, antibiotic sensitivity, and resistance were collected using the data collection form. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 23.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Results: A total of 1082 urinary bacterial samples were isolated and identified. Females accounted for more bacterial infections (62.66%) than males (37.34%). Gram-negative bacteria represented 94% of all isolated strains. The most prevalent pathogens associated with UTIs were Escherichia coli (47.97%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (24.58%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11.55%). Antimicrobial resistance patterns indicated the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) (30.13%), carbapenemase-resistant Enterobacter (CRE) (1.94%), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (0.74%), and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) (0.18%). UTI incidence demonstrated a higher prevalence in September (13%) compared to other months in 2022. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the predominant Gram-negative multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO), accounting for 34.42%, 13.95%, and 1.63% of the population. Conclusions: The prevalence of UTIs caused by antibiotic-resistant microbes is notable in Jazan. Consistent with findings from other regions, Escherichia coli remains the most common causative pathogen of UTIs, displaying a seasonal pattern that warrants attention. Approximately 35% of reported cases involve MDRO, with ESBLs accounting for 30%. These results should raise concerns among healthcare officials, highlighting the necessity for further investigations into factors contributing to the circulation of MDRO in Jazan.

The detailed histopathological characteristics of ovarian fibroma compared with thecoma, granulosa cell tumor, and sclerosing stromal tumor.

BACKGROUND: Ovarian fibromas are benign tumors that can present peculiar morphological features not studied sufficiently. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, 75 consecutive cases of ovarian fibroma were morphologically compared with 46 thecomas, 16 granulosa cell tumors, and 5 sclerosing stroma tumors for the following factors: the growth pattern as diffuse or nodular, the presence of hyaline plaques, necrosis, keloid-like sclerosis, calcifications, cystic degeneration, fibrous or edematous stroma, prominent vascularity, lutein cells, cellularity, scant or abundant cytoplasm, prominent cell membranes, nuclear grooves, atypia, and mitotic activity. RESULTS: The tumors differed significantly in terms of hyaline plaques presence, nuclear grooves, growth pattern, stroma type, tumor cellularity, cytoplasm, prominence of cell membranes, atypia, mitotic activity, and prominent vascularity. CONCLUSION: Ovarian fibromas can present some maybe unexpected features rather frequently, such as cystic degeneration, hyaline plaques, prominent vascularity, increased cellularity, and some mitotic activity, thus their presence should not always prompt to an alternative diagnosis.

Gastrointestinal Tactile Corpuscle-Like Bodies: Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature.

Gastrointestinal tactile corpuscle-like bodies are a rare, incidental, entirely benign finding. It is mainly reported in the colorectum and esophagus/gastro-esophageal junction. Rare cases have been documented in the stomach. Here, we present two cases of gastric and colonic tactile corpuscle-like bodies of a 38-year-old female and a 55-year-old male, respectively. Endoscopically, the colonic lesion was resected as an adenomatous polyp, while the gastric biopsies were taken to rule out Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) gastritis. Microscopically, both specimens revealed the same histopathologic aspects of eosinophilic fibrillary material with round to oval cells and peripherally placed nuclei. Immunohistochemically, these lesions were positive for anti-S100, confirming the diagnosis of tactile corpuscle-like bodies. A thorough literature review is provided.

Crystal-Storing Histiocytosis: The Iceberg of More Serious Conditions.

Crystal-storing histiocytosis is a rare condition that is histologically characterized by intracellular cytoplasmic crystalline inclusions. It usually presents monoclonal immunoglobulins that deposit within histiocytes, which accumulate and affect different organs of the human body and are commonly associated with lymphoproliferative conditions, especially those with plasmacytic differentiation. The prognosis of this condition is variable and related to the underlying clinical disease. In this review article, we aim to describe and discuss the clinical and pathological characteristics of crystal-storing histiocytosis based on the available literature and to provide a thorough differential diagnosis.

Nucleolar reorganization after cellular stress is orchestrated by SMN shuttling between nuclear compartments.

Spinal muscular atrophy is an autosomal recessive neuromuscular disease caused by mutations in the multifunctional protein Survival of Motor Neuron, or SMN. Within the nucleus, SMN localizes to Cajal bodies, which are associated with nucleoli, nuclear organelles dedicated to the first steps of ribosome biogenesis. The highly organized structure of the nucleolus can be dynamically altered by genotoxic agents. RNAP1, Fibrillarin, and nucleolar DNA are exported to the periphery of the nucleolus after genotoxic stress and, once DNA repair is fully completed, the organization of the nucleolus is restored. We find that SMN is required for the restoration of the nucleolar structure after genotoxic stress. During DNA repair, SMN shuttles from the Cajal bodies to the nucleolus. This shuttling is important for nucleolar homeostasis and relies on the presence of Coilin and the activity of PRMT1.