Rationale, design and preliminary results of the GALIPEMIAS study (prevalence and lipid control of familial dyslipidemia in Galicia, northwest Spain).

AIMS: There is little information on the familial nature of dyslipidemias in the Spanish population. This knowledge could have potential diagnostic and treatment implications. The objective of the GALIPEMIAS study was to determine the prevalence of familial dyslipidemia in Galicia, as well as determine the degree of lipid control in the participants. Prevalence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) was also estimated. This paper presents the design, methodology and selected preliminary results. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study was performed in the population aged ≥18 years using cluster sampling and then random sampling. A sample of 1000 subjects was calculated and divided into three sequential phases with a specific methodology for each one. Phase I: selection of subjects from the general population and collection of informed consent documents; Phase II: collection of data from the digital clinical history to select subjects with dyslipidemia according to study criteria; Phase III: personal interview, blood analysis, family tree, and definitive diagnosis of dyslipidemia. Prevalence of different diseases and active medication was analysed. Corrected prevalence (to the reference population) of different risk factors and ASCVD was estimated. RESULTS: Phase I participation was 89.5%. We extracted complete information from 93% of the participants (Phase II). According to the study's own criteria, 56.5% (n = 527) of the participants had some form of dyslipidemia and almost 33.7% of them had familial dyslipidemia with autosomal dominant inherit pattern. The corrected prevalence of ASCVD was 5.1% (95% CI 3.1-7.2). CONCLUSIONS: Dyslipidemia was the most prevalent cardiovascular risk factor in our population with an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern in one out of every three dyslipidemia cases. Approximately, 5.1% of the sample population aged ≥18 has suffered an episode of ACVD.

[The continuum of COPD and cardiovascular risk: A global scenario of disease]. / El continuo de la EPOC y riesgo cardiovascular: una hipótesis global de la enfermedad.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a serious public health problem in our country. COPD is a treatable and preventable disease which is underdiagnosed. The EPISCAN study revealed a prevalence of 10.2% in Spain between individuals of 40-80 years, with 73% underdiagnosis. In Primary Care occupies 8.5% of all queries with a high economic impact. These patients exhibit some degree of systemic inflammation characterized by increased plasma levels of some inflammatory mediators such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, CRP and TNF, which are also related to endothelial disorders and arteriosclerosis. In the continuum of COPD, comorbidities most frequently appear are: ischemic heart disease, heart failure, stroke, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, renal failure, osteoporosis, myopathy, anxiety, depression, cognitive impairment, malnutrition, anemia and lung cancer.

Síndrome metabólico: diagnóstico y manejo. Update / Metabolic syndrome: Diagnosis and management. An update

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El continuo de la EPOC y riesgo cardiovascular: una hipótesis global de la enfermedad / The continuum of COPD and cardiovascular risk: A global scenario of disease

La enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) supone un grave problema de salud pública en nuestro país. La EPOC es una enfermedad tratable, prevenible e infradiagnosticada. El estudio EPISCAN reveló una prevalencia en España del 10,2% entre individuos de 40-80 años, con un infradiagnóstico del 73%. En atención primaria ocupa un 8,5% de todas las consultas, con un impacto económico muy elevado. Estos pacientes presentan un cierto grado de inflamación sistémica caracterizado por un aumento de la concentración plasmática de algunos mediadores inflamatorios, como IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, PCR o TNF alfa, que también están relacionados con alteraciones endoteliales y la arteriosclerosis. En el continuo de la EPOC, las comorbilidades que con más frecuencia aparecen son: cardiopatía isquémica, insuficiencia cardíaca, ictus, hipertensión arterial, diabetes mellitus tipo 2, insuficiencia renal, osteoporosis, miopatía, ansiedad, depresión, deterioro cognitivo, desnutrición, anemia y cáncer de pulmón

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a serious public health problem in our country. COPD is a treatable and preventable disease which is underdiagnosed. The EPISCAN study revealed a prevalence of 10.2% in Spain between individuals of 40-80 years, with 73% underdiagnosis. In Primary Care occupies 8.5% of all queries with a high economic impact. These patients exhibit some degree of systemic inflammation characterized by increased plasma levels of some inflammatory mediators such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, CRP and TNF, which are also related to endothelial disorders and arteriosclerosis. In the continuum of COPD, comorbidities most frequently appear are: ischemic heart disease, heart failure, stroke, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, renal failure, osteoporosis, myopathy, anxiety, depression, cognitive impairment, malnutrition, anemia and lung cancer