How promising are the latest monoclonal antibodies targeting amyloid-ß for the treatment of early Alzheimer's disease?

INTRODUCTION: Monoclonal antibodies targeting amyloid-ß are the first disease-modifying treatments for Alzheimer disease to have received FDA-approval. There are three different drugs approved or pending FDA-approval: aducanumab, lecanemab, and donanemab. These three drugs are each in different stages of regulatory approval by the FDA. AREAS COVERED: We discuss the development of these drugs, the data regarding their clinical efficacy, their dosing regimens, and side effects. In addition, we examine pragmatic issues with their potential implementation as common treatments to slow the rate of decline in Alzheimer disease, and what unanswered questions remain regarding this new class of drugs. EXPERT OPINION: We conclude that these new monoclonal antibodies that target amyloid-ß represent a genuine advance in the treatment of Alzheimer disease. However, questions remain regarding their clinical significance. Additionally, it is presently unclear which patients would most benefit from these expensive drugs given the risk of side effects and the logistical difficulties concerning administration and the determination of eligibility.

Successful Kidney Transplantation in a Young Male with Type 2 Xanthinuria.

Type-II Xanthanuria is an genetic disorder associated with diminished serum uric acid levels. Patients with xanthanuria has absence of xanthine oxidase or xanthine dehydrogenase activity, the enzyme that converts hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid. Deficiency of these enzyme leads to elevated levels of xanthine in urine which further leads to precipitation of xanthine in urine which further helps to formation of renal stones and ultimately leads to chronic kidney disease and end stage renal disease. We report a 23 years old male, who reached ESRD due to Type 2 xanthinuria, which was confirmed by genetic studies, who later successfully underwent renal transplant surgery and currently having normal life with functioning graft.