Mobile health apps to reduce sedentary behavior: a scoping review.

Given the continued increase in mobile health applications (apps) aimed at healthcare and the recognition of sedentary behavior (SB) as a public health problem, the goal of this scoping review study was to summarize the effects of interventions based on mobile health apps designed to reduce SB in adults, with a specific focus on SB. The electronic databases PubMed, PsycINFO, SportDISCUS, Web of Science, and manual searches in reference lists were conducted on papers published up to September 2020. Nine out of the 897 studies researched were included and composed the descriptive synthesis. The investigations found in the present study showed a decrease in time spent on television viewing and in total time spent sitting, as well as an increase in the number of SB breaks after interventions based on mobile health apps. In conclusion, despite the growing interest in intervention programs in SB, only nine studies have used smartphone apps as a strategy to reduce SB in adults. Mobile health apps were proved to be effective in SB reduction, as assessed by different parameters, and should be encouraged. However, further studies are needed to verify the long-term effects of the utilization of such applications.

Prevalence of active transportation among adults in Latin America and the Caribbean: a systematic review of population-based studies.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of "active" (self-propelled, human-powered) transportation in the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) region over the past decade. METHODS: MEDLINE, Excerpta Medica (Embase), SportDiscus, Lilacs, MediCarib, Web of Science, OVID, CINAHL, Scopus, Google Scholar, National Transportation Library, and TRIS/TRID were searched for articles on active transportation published between January 2003 and December 2014 with (at least) a title and abstract in English, Portuguese, or Spanish. Research was included in the study if the two reviewing authors agreed it 1) was conducted in an adult sample (≥ 18 years old), 2) was designed to be representative of any LAC area, and 3) reported at least one measure of active transportation. Reference lists of included papers and retrieved reviews were also checked. A total of 129 key informants (87 scientific experts and 42 government authorities) were contacted to identify additional candidate publications. Two other authors extracted the data independently. RESULTS: A total of 10 459 unique records were found; the full texts of 143 were reviewed; and a total of 45 studies were included in the study, yielding estimates for 72 LAC settings, most of which were in Argentina, Brazil, and Colombia. No eligible studies were found for the years 2003-2004, resulting in a 10-year study time frame. Estimates were available for walking, cycling, or the combination of both, with a high degree of heterogeneity (heterogeneity index (I2) ≥ 99%). The median prevalence of active transportation (combining walking and cycling) was 12.0%, ranging from 5.1% (in Palmas, Brazil) to 58.9% (in Rio Claro, Brazil). Men cycled more than women in all regions for which information was available. The opposite was true for walking. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of active transportation in LAC varied widely, with great heterogeneity and uneven distribution of studies across countries, indicating the need for efforts to build comprehensive surveillance systems with standardized, timely, and detailed estimates of active transportation in order to support policy planning and evaluation.

MUSIC TEMPO'S EFFECT ON EXERCISE PERFORMANCE: COMMENT ON DYER AND McKUNE.

Dyer and McKune (2013) stated that music tempo has no influence on performance, physiological, and psychophysical variables in well-trained cyclists during high intensity endurance tasks. However, there are important limitations in the methodology of the study. The participants' music preferences and tempo change were not well measured. It is not possible to affirm that music tempo does not influence athletes' performance. Potential areas of future research include: (a) use of instruments to assess the qualities of music; (b) standardizing music of tempo according to exercise type (e.g., running, cycling, etc.);

Health related quality of life is differently associated with leisure-time physical activity intensities according to gender: a cross-sectional approach.

BACKGROUND: Several studies have demonstrated a positive association between physical activity (PA) and health-related quality of life (HRQL). However, studies have suggested that this association depends both on the PA intensity and the domain of HRQL evaluated. This study aimed to explore the association between physical, mental and overall HRQL with recommended levels of PA. PA levels were divided into moderate and vigorous intensity leisure-time PA and total leisure-time PA. METHODS: The study included 1001 adults, 582 women (46 ± 17 years) and 419 men (43 ± 16 years), residents in Rio Claro-SP, Brazil. All participants completed the SF-36 questionnaire to assess HRQL and the long version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) to assess level and intensities of leisure-time PA. Total leisure-time PA at moderate intensity was classified as: less than 9 min/week, 10-149 min/week, 150-299 min/week and 300 min/week or more. Total leisure-time PA at vigorous intensity was classified as: less than 9 min/week, 10 to 74.9 min/week, 75-149 min/week and 150 min/week or more. Multiple linear regression was performed in STATA version 12.0. RESULTS: Among women, moderate intensity and total leisure-time PA were associated with physical health. Among men, moderate and vigorous intensity and total leisure-time PA were associated with physical health and overall HRQL. Furthermore, moderate intensity and total leisure-time PA were associated with mental health in men. However, vigorous intensity PA was not associated with mental health for this group. CONCLUSION: The different domains of HRQL were associated with different levels and intensities of PA in leisure-time according to gender of adults. These findings indicate the complexity and importance of evaluating the HRQL stratified by gender and consider the different levels and intensities of PA.

Comorbidities do not mitigate the effect of habitual physical activity on the reduction of healthcare costs among adults with cardiovascular diseases: A mediation analysis.

BACKGROUND: Habitual Physical activity (HPA) is a non-pharmacological strategy to prevent and control chronic diseases, and it plays an important role in minimizing healthcare costs. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between HPA and healthcare costs from the perspective of the Brazilian National Healthcare System, and to establish the mediating role of comorbidities in this relationship among patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). DESIGN AND SETTING: This longitudinal study was conducted in a medium-sized Brazilian city and included 278 participants assisted by the Brazilian National Healthcare System. METHODS: Information on healthcare costs were obtained from medical records and included primary, secondary, and tertiary levels. Comorbidities (diabetes, dyslipidemia, and arterial hypertension) were self-reported, and obesity was confirmed with the percentage of body fat. HPA was measured using a questionnaire (Baecke questionnaire). Face-to-face interviews provided information on sex, age, and education level. Statistical analysis included linear regression and Structural Equation Modeling, significance was set at 5 % and the Stata software (version 16.0) was used to perform the analysis. RESULTS: The sample included 278 adults with a mean age of 54.49 (8.32) years. For each score of HPA, there was a reduction in healthcare costs of US$ 83.99/24 months (95 % CI: - 159.15; - 8.84), and the sum of comorbidities did not mediate this relationship. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that healthcare costs seem to be affected by HPA among patients with CVD, while this phenomenon seems not to be mediated by the sum of comorbidities.

Perceptions on activity behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic "second wave" among US adults: results of a short online survey.

Purpose: COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the lives of people of all nations. This study examined physical activity (PA) behavior, barriers and facilitators to PA during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This cross-sectional study assessed adults using a survey comprised of two parts: (a) demographics and general health and; (b) PA-related questions. The survey link was disseminated via email and various social media, and was active from September to October 2020. Results: A total of 277 adults (Mean ± SD; age = 32.6 ± 13.6 years, BMI = 27.1 ± 16.5 kg/m2) were evaluated. A majority of the sample was female (67%), single (53%) and White (70%). About a third of the participants reported good mental and physical health, with a similar amount reporting weight gain during the pandemic. Participants further reported on average 271 min of PA/week, and 5.7 h/day of sitting time. Overall, 41.5% of the participants reported a decrease in PA during the COVID-19 pandemic, but those not meeting PA recommendations reported higher rates (67.9%) of decrease in levels of PA than their active counterparts (23.6%); x 2 (2, N = 277) = 55.757, p < 0.01. Over 50% of the participants reported engaging in PA at home, with significantly more females (43.5%) than males (17.6%) making use of live stream PA/exercise session opportunities; x 2 (2, N = 277) = 18.896, p < 0.001. "Closed gyms" and "more time" were reported as the main negative and positive factors, respectively, affecting PA during the pandemic. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that PA behavior was negatively affected in US adults during the COVID-19 pandemic, and that "closed gym" (i.e., barrier), and "more time" (i.e., facilitator), were the main factors reported affecting PA participation. Given the well-known public health importance of PA, it is paramount that public health initiatives focus on providing not only educational but also environmental opportunities and support for PA during this period.

Sedentary Behavior Is Associated With Low Leisure-Time Physical Activity and High Body Fatness in Older Brazilian Adults.

Sedentary behavior (SB) has emerged as a new health risk factor, including risk of premature death. This study examined the association between SB and measures of physical activity and body fatness in older Brazilian adults. Self-report measures of SB (ie, sitting time [ST]), leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), and body fatness (body mass index [BMI]) were collected from 355 older adults aged 60 years and older by trained interviewers. Statistical procedures were conducted using SPSS software with significance set at P < .05. Overall, the median ST was 3 hours per day. Mean values of LTPA and BMI for the entire sample were 90.0 (197.4) min/week and 26.5 (4.9) kg/m2, respectively. Partial correlations controlling for age revealed that ST was negatively associated with LTPA (pr = -.15 [-.25; -.04]; P = .006) and positively associated with BMI (pr = .25 [.14; .35]; P < .001). Age, BMI, and LTPA emerged as independent predictors of ST, explaining a small but significant variance in ST (R 2 = .12; P = .02). Furthermore, t test revealed a significant difference in LTPA and BMI between groups of different amounts of sitting. The findings suggest that prolonged ST may have a negative impact on LTPA and BMI in older Brazilian adults.

Cost-analysis and cost-effectiveness of physical activity interventions in Brazilian primary health care: a randomised feasibility study.

Physical exercise programs have been carried out in primary health care in Brazil and have provided good results in terms of effectiveness, their economic contribution has not been investigated yet. The aim of the study is to verify the feasibility of brief counseling physical activity intervention and to compare its economic cost and cost-effectiveness with supervised physical exercise intervention in primary care. A multi-arm parallel feasibility trial, with equal randomization [1:1:1] was conducted in Basic Health Units in Brazil. 61 participants were randomized in Brief Counseling Intervention (BCI), Supervised Physical Exercise Intervention (SPEI) and Control Group (CG). Interventions lasted one year. The BCI is more economical than the SPEI, costing around 50% less in the economic comparisons (session cost, annual cost and cost per participant annually). At leisure time, the cost to move one person to the physically active category at 12 months is estimated in R$369.00 for BCI and R$426.21 for the SPEI. The Incremental Cost-effectiveness Ratio (ICER) is R$310.32. The BCI is feasible and more economic, however, the cost effective is not that different. Thus, it is strongly recommended that the two interventions be offered at primary care in Brazil.

Relationship of different domains of physical activity practice with health-related quality of life among community-dwelling older people: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the association between different domains of physical activity (PA) and health-related domains of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in older adults, independent of confounding variables. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: In total, 400 individuals 60 years or above were randomly selected to participate in the study. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: PA was assessed by a questionnaire in three different domains (work/occupational, sports/gym and leisure time) and total PA. The 36-Item Short Form Health Survey was used to evaluate HRQoL. The variables socioeconomic condition, marital status and presence of health professional-diagnosed comorbidities were self-reported. RESULTS: The mean age of the sample was 71.5 (±8.4) years, of whom 58% (n=232) were female. Male older adults showed higher scores of PA in sports, leisure time and in total PA than female adults. Older adults who were more physically active in the work/occupational domain were associated with better scores in functional capacity (OR=1.73, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.93) and general health perception (OR=1.61, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.56). Those who presented a higher score in the sports/gym domain had better scores in functional capacity, even after adjustment for comorbidities (OR=1.72, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.96). Individuals with higher activity in leisure time were more likely to have better scores in functional capacity (OR=1.75, 95% CI 1.03 to 2.98), body pain (OR=1.74, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.78) and mental health (OR=1.67, 95% CI 1.03 to 2.69). Older adults who were more active in total PA were 77% more likely to have better scores in functional capacity (OR=1.77, 95% CI 1.04 to 3.02). CONCLUSION: Physically active older adults in the different domains of PA presented better HRQoL parameters, reinforcing the importance of studies analysing PA in different contexts and in countries with low and medium socioeconomic conditions.

Alta prevalência de ansiedade e sintomatologia depressiva em adolescentes na pandemia da COVID-19 / High prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms in adolescents in the COVID-19 pandemic

Objetivou-se verificar a prevalência de sintomas de ansiedade, sintomatologia depressiva e fatores sociodemográficos, comportamentais e aspectos de saúde associados em adolescentes de 14 e 18 anos de idade durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Estudo de delineamento transversal, foi utilizado o teste Qui-quadrado para comparar proporções, e para encontrar os fatores associados aos sintomas de ansiedade e sintomatologia depressiva a Regressão de Poisson, com intervalo de confiança de 95%. Participaram 157 adolescentes. Os sintomas de ansiedade foram encontrados em 65,6% dos adolescentes e a sintomatologia depressiva foi encontrada em 55,8% dos adolescentes. Adolescentes do sexo feminino apresentaram uma razão de prevalência (RP) = 1,84 [(IC95%: 1,32 ­ 2,58), p = 0,001] maior de sintomas de ansiedade e de sintomatologia depressiva quando comparadas aos adolescentes do sexo masculino RP = 1,74 [(IC95%: 1,19 ­ 2,53), p = 0,004]. Adolescentes com autopercepção de saúde negativa apresentaram razão de prevalência maior de sintomas de ansiedade RP = 1,31 [(IC95%: 1,08 ­ 1,59), p = 0,006], e maior de sintomatologia depressiva RP = 1,67 [(IC95%: 1,31 ­ 2,15), p = 0,001] em relação aos adolescentes que possuíam autopercepção de saúde positiva. Conclui-se que os sintomas de ansiedade e sintomatologia depressiva associaram-se a sexo e autopercepção de saúde em adolescentes

The objective was to verify the prevalence of anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms and associated socio-demographic, behavioral and health aspects factors of 14-18-year-old adolescents, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Cross-sectional design study, the Chi-square test was used to compare proportions, and Poisson Regression was used to find the factors associated with anxiety symptoms and depressive symptoms using the Poisson Regression, with confidence interval of 95%. A total of 157 adolescents participated. Anxiety symp-toms were found in 65.6% of adolescents and depressive symptoms were found in 55.8% of the adolescents. Female adolescents had a higher prevalence ratio of anxiety symptoms (PR) = 1.84 [(CI95%: 1.32 ­ 2.58), p = 0.001], and depressive symptoms PR = 1.74 [(CI95%: 1.19 ­ 2.53), p = 0.004] when compared to male adolescents. Adolescents with negative health self-perception had a higher prevalence ratio of anxiety symp-toms PR = 1.31 [(CI95%:1.08­1.59), p = 0.006], and depressive symptoms in relation to adolescents who had a positive health self-perception PR = 1.67 [(CI95%: 1.31 ­ 2.15), p = 0.001]. It is concluded that symptoms of anxiety and depressive symptoms were associated with sex and self-perception of health in adolescents

Activity behavior, nutritional status and perceived health in older Brazilian adults: Does the number of chronic diseases matter?

AIM: The present study examined activity behavior, nutritional status and perceived health in relation to the number of chronic diseases (ChrD) in a representative sample of Brazilians aged ≥60 years. METHODS: A cross-sectional, population-based study was carried out in a midsize Brazilian city to evaluate different health risk factors. Using a stratified random sampling procedure to select a representative sample of adults, this study interviewed 1572 individuals face-to-face. Our analytical sample focused on those aged ≥60 years (n = 355). Statistical procedures were carried out using spss software, with the significance level set as P < 0.05. RESULTS: Older adults diagnosed with ≥2 ChrD were significantly less active during leisure time physical activity (P = 0.03), presented with significant higher body mass index values (P < 0.001) and were approximately fivefold (1.69-17.93) more likely to perceive their health as poor compared with those with zero ChrD. The group with ≥2 ChrD reported a similar amount of sitting time compared with older adults with zero or one ChrD (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Having multiple ChrD has a negative impact on older adults' leisure time physical activity, body mass index and the perception of health. The findings of the present study underscore the need for more infusive approaches tackling ChrD in Brazil focusing on healthy lifestyle behaviors, such as physical activity. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 2376-2382.

Physical activity as a protective factor for climacteric symptoms / Atividade física como fator de proteção para sintomas do climatério

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the symptoms and quality of life (QOL) in climacteric with the level and intensity of physical activity (PA), body mass index (BMI), use of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) and education level. The study was carried out with 641 climacteric women, 56 ± 6 years of age, who completed four questionnaires: Kupperman-Blatt Index (KBI) and Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) to assess climacteric symptoms, the Cervantes Scale (CS) for assess QOL, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire ­ short version (IPAQ) to assess PA and questions about weight, height, use of MHT and level of education. Spearman's correlation was performed in SPSS 26 software and binary logistic regression in Stata 14.0 software, adopting a p < 0.05. Having a university education (KBI = 44%), practicing more than 150 minutes of total PA/week (KBI = 48%) and more than 10 minutes of vigorous PA/week (KBI = 36%) were protective factors for vasomotor symptoms, weakness, headache, paresthesia, vertigo, arthralgia or myalgia, palpitations, tingling and symptoms related to moderate/high mood. Having a normal BMI (CS =4 3%), university level of education (CS = 46%) and practicing more than 150 minutes of total PA/week (CS = 61%) are protective factors for better QOL. For psychological, somatic and urogen-ital symptoms, assessed by MRS, there was no association with exposure factors. Thus, reaching the PA recommendations, having a university education level and having a normal BMI are protective factors for moderate and severe climacteric symptoms and QOL

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar a associação entre os sintomas e qualidade de vida (QDV ) no cli-matério com o nível e intensidade da atividade física (AF), índice de massa corporal (IMC), utilização de terapia hormonal da menopausa (THM) e nível de escolaridade.O estudo foi realizado com 641 mulheres climatéricas, com 56 ± 6 anos de idade, que preencheram o Índice de Kupperman-Blatt (IKB) e Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) para avaliar os sintomas do climatério, a Escala de Cervantes (EC) para avaliar a QDV, o Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física ­ versão curta (IPAQ) para avaliar AF e perguntas sobre peso, estatura, uso de THM e nível de escolaridade. Foi realizado a correlação de Spearman no software SPSS 26 e a regressão logística binária no software Stata 14.0, adotando-se um p < 0,05. Ter nível de escola-ridade universitário (IKB = 44%), praticar mais de 150 minutos de AF total/semana (IKB = 48%) e mais de 10 minutos de AF vigorosa/semana (IKB = 36%), são fatores de proteção para sintomas vasomotores, fraque-za, cefaleia, parestesia, vertigem, artralgia ou mialgia, palpitações, formigamentos e sintomas relacionados ao humor moderado/acentuado. Ter IMC normal (EC = 43%), nível de escolaridade universitário (EC = 46%) e praticar mais de 150 minutos de AF total/semana (EC = 61%), são fatores protetores de proteção para melhor QDV. Para sintomas psicológicos, somáticos e urogenital, avaliados pelo MRS, não houve associação com os fatores de exposição.Assim, atingir as recomendações de AF, ter nível de escolaridade universitário e o IMC normal são fatores de proteção para sintomas climatéricos moderados e acentuados e QDV

Barriers to physical activity among cancer pediatric cancer patients and survivors: a scoping review

Abstract Aim: The present scoping review aims to provide an overview of barriers to PA reported by pediatric cancer patients undergoing treatment as well as after treatment. This study further aims to describe and discuss the instruments used for assessing barriers in this population. Methods: Article search was performed in common medical databases and yielded five original research articles. Results: The included articles reported barriers to PA that can be grouped into the following categories: individuals, physical, environmental, and treatment. Among the instruments used to assess barriers to PA, it was observed that questionnaires and interviews are commonly adopted. This review underscores a paucity of studies in this area. Conclusion: A comprehensive understanding of barriers to PA in the pediatric cancer population is paramount for the development of tailored strategies and interventions aiming to promote PA in this under-researched group. In addition, future studies must adopt a mixed-methods approach, longitudinal design with specific instruments in the pediatric cancer population.

Cost-analysis and cost-effectiveness of physical activity interventions in Brazilian primary health care: a randomised feasibility study / Análise de custo e custo-efetividade de intervenções de atividade física na atenção primária à saúde no Brasil: um estudo de viabilidade randomizado

Abstract Physical exercise programs have been carried out in primary health care in Brazil and have provided good results in terms of effectiveness, their economic contribution has not been investigated yet. The aim of the study is to verify the feasibility of brief counseling physical activity intervention and to compare its economic cost and cost-effectiveness with supervised physical exercise intervention in primary care. A multi-arm parallel feasibility trial, with equal randomization [1:1:1] was conducted in Basic Health Units in Brazil. 61 participants were randomized in Brief Counseling Intervention (BCI), Supervised Physical Exercise Intervention (SPEI) and Control Group (CG). Interventions lasted one year. The BCI is more economical than the SPEI, costing around 50% less in the economic comparisons (session cost, annual cost and cost per participant annually). At leisure time, the cost to move one person to the physically active category at 12 months is estimated in R$369.00 for BCI and R$426.21 for the SPEI. The Incremental Cost-effectiveness Ratio (ICER) is R$310.32. The BCI is feasible and more economic, however, the cost effective is not that different. Thus, it is strongly recommended that the two interventions be offered at primary care in Brazil.

Resumo Programas de exercício físico são ofertados na atenção primária à saúde no Brasil, apresentando bons resultados na eficácia, sua contribuição econômica ainda não foi investigada. O objetivo do estudo é verificar a viabilidade de uma intervenção breve de aconselhamento para atividade física, e comparar seu custo econômico e custo-efetividade com a intervenção supervisionada de exercício físico na atenção primária. Um estudo de viabilidade de múltiplos braços paralelos, com igual randomização [1:1:1] foi realizado em Unidades Básicas de Saúde no Brasil. 61 participantes foram randomizados em Intervenção Breve de Aconselhamento (BCI), Intervenção Supervisionada de Exercício Físico (SPEI) e Grupo Controle (CG). As intervenções tiveram duração de 1 ano. BCI é mais econômica que SPEI, custando cerca de 50% menos nas comparações econômicas (custo da sessão, custo anual e custo por participante anualmente). No lazer, o custo de mudança de uma pessoa para a categoria fisicamente ativa aos 12 meses é estimado em R$ 369,00 na BCI e R$ 426,21 na SPEI. O Índice de Custo-Efetividade Incremental (ICER) é de R$ 310,32. BCI é viável e mais econômica; no entanto, o custo-benefício não é tão diferente. Assim, é altamente recomendável que as duas intervenções sejam oferecidas.

Aplicativos móveis de saúde para redução do comportamento sedentário / Mobile health applications to reduce sedentary behavior / Aplicaciones móviles de salud para reducir la conducta sedentaria

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e agrupar informações de aplicativos móveis voltados para a redução do comportamento sedentário (CS) existentes nas plataformas Google Play e iTunes. O levantamento ocorreu em agosto de 2020, utilizando-se os termos relacionados ao CS. Foram encontrados 196 aplicativos, sendo a maioria disponível apenas em língua inglesa e gratuitos. Em geral, os aplicativos podem ser divididos em quatro categorias: a) alertas/lembretes para quebra do CS; b) Restrição de aplicativos e bloqueio de tela; c) Monitoramento do CS e; d) Controle parental do tempo de tela. Funções estas que corroboram as recomendações de estudos sobre CS, que aconselham a inclusão de intervenções comportamentais, monitoramento do tempo de tela e o envolvimento da família (AU).

The objective of this study was to identify and group information from mobile applications aimed at reducing sedentary behavior (SB) existing on the Google Play and iTunes platforms. The survey took place in August 2020, using terms related to SB. Were found the 196 applications, most of which are available only in English and free. In general, applications can be divided into four categories: a) alerts/reminders for breaking the SB; b) Application restriction and screen lock; c) SB monitoring; and d) Parental control of screen time. These functions corroborate the recommendations of studies on SB, which recommend the inclusion of behavioral interventions, monitoring screen time, and family involvement (AU).

El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar y agrupar información procedente de aplicaciones móviles orientadas a reducir las conductas sedentarias (CS) existentes en las plataformas Google Play y iTunes. La encuesta se llevó a cabo en agosto de 2020, utilizando términos relacionados con la informática. Se encontraron 196 aplicaciones, la mayoría de las cuales están disponibles solo en inglés y son gratuitas. En general, las aplicaciones se pueden dividir en cuatro categorías: a) alertas/recordatorios para romper la CS; b) Restricción de aplicaciones y bloqueo de pantalla; c) Monitoreo de SC y; d) Control parental del tiempo frente a la pantalla. Estas funciones corroboran las recomendaciones de estudios sobre CS, que recomiendan la inclusión de intervenciones (AU).

Promoção de atividade física na adolescência por meio de ações com agentes comunitários de saúde / Promotion of physical activity in adolescence through actions with community health agents

Objetivou-se apresentar a implementação e desenvolvimento de ações educativas com agentes comunitários para promoção de atividade física na adolescência na cidade de Rio Claro, São Paulo. A amostra foi composta por 26 agentes comunitários provenientes de 14 unidades de saúde que participaram das ações educativas em saúde, pautadas em um curso com 12 módulos com duração sendo: 1 de apresentação, 2 de discussão teórica, 8 de modalidades teórico/práticas e 1 de encerramento, pautados no Programa Geração Movimento. A avaliação foi composta de três momentos: diagnóstico através de questionário; imediatamente ao final da capacitação, por meio de relato e entrega do projeto de intervenção; e após 4 meses de finalizadas as ações, com questionário e grupo focal. Embora necessitem de ajustes e adequações necessárias perante as limitações encontradas no processo, as ações se mostraram como estratégia possível e de fácil realização, apresentando resultados positivos na promoção de atividades físicas em adolescentes

The objective was to present the implementation and development of educational actions with community agents to promote physical activity in adolescence in the city of Rio Claro - SP. The sample consisted of 26 community agents from 14 health units who participated in educational health actions, guided by a course with 12 modules lasting: 1 for presentation, 2 for theoretical discussion, 8 for theoretical / practical modalities and 1 of closure, based on the Geração Movimento Program. The evaluation consisted of three moments: diagnosis through a questionnaire; immediately at the end of the training, through reporting and delivery of the intervention project; and after 4 months of completion of the actions, with a questionnaire and focus group. Although they require necessary adjustments and adjustments in view of the limitations found in the process, the actions proved to be a possible and easy strategy, with positive results in promoting physical activities in adolescents

Prevalence and sociodemographic factors associated with sedentary behavior in adolescents from Rio Claro-SP, Brazil / Prevalência e fatores sociodemográficos associados ao comportamento sedentário em adolescentes de Rio Claro-SP - Brazil

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to analyze the prevalence of and sociodemographic factors associated with sedentary behavior (SB) situations among adolescents from Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil, namely: (1) obligations; 2) computer/tablet and video game; 3) smartphone; 4) television; 5) total SB. It included 482 teenagers (14.4 ± 2.1 years old) from 3 public and 2 private schools. They were assessed through an identification, clinical history and socioeconomic level questionnaire; Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire, with additional questions related to SB and use of smartphones and video games; Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents; and weight and height measurement for Body Mass Index (BMI) calculation (kg/m²). Descriptive analysis was performed, Student's t test was run to compare SB situations and level of physical activity between boys and girls, and logistic regression was carried out to verify the association of the situations with total SB (p <0.05). Results revealed that 47.5% of the adolescents spend more than 14 hours/day on SB (mean of 13.7 ± 3.4 hours/day). The situations associated with total SB were: smartphone (OR=6.23; p<0.001); computer/tablet and video game (OR=2.5; p=0.012); obligations (OR=2.43; p=0.009) and TV (OR=2.35; p=0.009). High SB prevalence was found, but there was no sociodemographic factor associated with this behavior. Additionally, smartphone use presented a greater association with high amount of time for total SB.

RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a prevalência, os fatores sociodemográficos e o comportamento sedentário (CS) associados as situações do CS (1) obrigações; 2) computador/tablet e videogame; 3) smartphone; 4) televisão; 5) CS total) de adolescentes de Rio Claro-SP. Participaram do estudo 482 adolescentes (14,4±2,1 anos) de 3 escolas públicas e 2 particulares, avaliados por um questionário de identificação, anamnese clínica e nível socioeconômico; Questionário de Comportamento Sedentário, com questões adicionais relacionadas ao CS e o uso de smartphones e videogames; Questionário de Atividade Física Habitual para Adolescentes; e mensuração do peso e estatura para o cálculo de Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) (kg/m²). Realizou-se análise descritiva, teste t de Student para comparar as situações de CS e nível de atividade física entre meninos e meninas e regressão logística para verificar a associação das situações com o CS total (p<0,05). Identificou-se que 47,5% dos adolescentes permanecem mais de 14 horas/dia em CS (média de 13,7±3,4 horas/dia). As situações associados ao CS total foram: smartphone (RO=6,23; p<0,001); computador/tablet e videogame (RO=2,5; p=0,012); obrigações (RO=2,43; p=0,009) e televisão (RO=2,35; p=0,009). Relatou-se alta prevalência de CS, porém não houve nenhum fator sociodemográfico associado com esse comportamento. Adicionalmente, o uso do smartphone apresentou maior associação com o alto tempo de CS total.

Estudo transversal sobre uso de ferramentas virtuais para orientar a atividade física durante a COVID-19 / Cross-sectional study on the use of virtual tools to guide physical activity practice during COVID-19

A elevada taxa de transmissão e mortalidade pela COVID-19 acarretou o fechamento de centros de movimentação social, dentre eles locais para prática de atividade física. Com isso, o objetivo do estudo foi identificar as principais estratégias e ferramentas tecnológicas virtuais, percepção dos profissionais de educação física (PEF) acerca das adaptações, pontos positivos, negativos e feedbacks dos clientes para orientar a prática de atividade física durante o isolamento social/restrição de circulação devido ao vírus SARS-COV-2. Optou-se pela pesquisa transversal, quanti-qualitativa, com técnica de amostragem "bola de neve", sendo recrutados PEF das cinco regiões do Brasil. Os participantes responderam um questionário online com questões sociodemográficas, uso das ferramentas tecnológicas virtuais, perfil dos clientes e questões discursivas acerca da orientação online à atividade física. Foi realizada estatística descritiva e análise por codificação simples. Participaram 110 PEF de 65 cidades do país, os quais geralmente atendem em academias de ginástica (59,8%) e ao ar livre (34,5%), tendo clientes adultos (92,9%), do sexo feminino (51,8%). Dentre as ferramentas tecnológicas virtuais utilizadas estão "vídeos" (60,9%) e "Whatsapp web" (60,0%), geralmente ferramentas gratuitas (67,5%) e, para que o trabalho ocorra, são necessárias adaptações estruturais/materiais e profissionais. Embora haja aspectos negativos e dificuldades na orientação remota à prática de atividade física, os aspectos positivos e facilidades permitem que o PEF se conecte com seus respectivos clientes mesmo durante a pandemia, estimulando e, orientando de forma segura, a prática de atividade física. Esta temática necessita ser mais explorada para que essas ferramentas auxiliem os PEF

High rate of transmission and mortality by COVID-19 resulted in the closure of social movement centers, including places to physical activity practice (PA). Thus, the aim of the study was to identify the main technological strategies and tools, perception of physical education professionals (PEP) about the adaptations, positives, negatives and feedbacks of clients to guide physical activity practice during social isolation/circulation restriction due to the SARS-COV-2 virus. It was opted for cross-sectional, quanti-qualitative research, using the "snowball " sampling technique and PEP was recruited from the five regions of Brazil. Participants answered an online questionnaire with sociodemographic questions, use of virtual technological tools, students/clients profiles and discursive questions about online orientation to physical activity. Descriptive statistics and analysis by simple coding were performed. 110 PEP from 65 cities in the country participated, which generally serve in gyms (59.8%) and outdoors (34.5%), with adult students/clients (92.9%), female (51.8%). Among the virtual technological tools used are "videos" (60.9%) and "Whatsapp web" (60.0%), generally free tools (67.5%) and, for the work to occur, professionals and structural/material adaptations are required. Although there are negative aspects and difficulties in remote guidance to physical activity practice, the positive aspects and facilities allow the PEP to connect with its respective students/clients even during the pandemic, stimulating and securely guiding to physical activity practice. This theme needs to be further explored for these tools to assist PEP

Atividade física nas prioridades da OMS: ensaio teórico a partir da determinação social de saúde / Physical activity in who priorities: theoretical essay based on social health determination / Actividad física en prioridades de la oms: prueba teórica de la determinación de la salud social

Pretende-se debater a indução internacional de políticas de promoção de atividade física no Brasil, tomando o plano de ação glo- bal da OMS, More Active People For a Healthier World, como documento norteador, o Sistema Único de Saúde como contexto, e a perspectiva da determinação social da saúde como fundamentação teórica. Advoga-se deslocar a inatividade física do combate às DCNT para integrar as ati- vidades físicas no âmbito do lazer às políticas de promoção de saúde na Atenção Primária, tomando as condições crônicas como processo de mediação. Reconhecemos que as orientações da OMS têm forte poder de indução, todavia não garantem resultados. Estudos futuros poderão mapear como os gestores cumpriram o plano de ação da OMS, tendo em vista o contexto de saúde brasileiro.

It is intended to discuss the international induction of physical activity promotion policies in Brazil, taking the WHO global action plan, More Active People for a Healthier World, as a guiding document, the Unified Health System as context, and the perspective of social determination of health as a theoretical foundation. We advocate displacing the physical inactivity of NCD combat to integrate physical activity with health promotion policies in Primary Care, taking chronic conditions as a mediation process. We recognize that the WHO guidelines have strong inducing power, but it does not guarantee results. Future studies may map how managers have complied with the WHO action plan, in view of the Brazilian health context.

Su objetivo es discutir la inducción internacional de políticas de promoción de la actividad física en Brasil, tomando el plan de acción global de la OMS, Personas más activas para un mundo más saludable, como documento guía, el Sistema de salud unificado como contexto y la perspectiva de Determinación social de la salud como fundamento teórico. Abogamos por desplazar la inactividad física del combate de ENT para integrar la actividad física con las políticas de promoción de la salud en Atención Primaria, tomando las condiciones crónicas como un proceso de mediación. Reconocemos que las directrices de la OMS tienen un fuerte poder inductor, pero no garantizan resultados. Los estudios futuros pueden mapear cómo los gerentes han cumplido con el plan de acción de la OMS, en vista del contexto de salud brasileño.

Efeito de duas intervenções com diferentes volumes de exercícios físicos na aptidão física de mulheres usuárias da atenção primária de saúde / Effect of two interventions with different volumes of physical exercises on the women´s physcal fitness carried out in primary health care

Considerando o impacto negativo que a inatividade física pode trazer para a população, o Sistema Único de Saúde torna-se responsável por melhorar os determinantes da saúde da população. O objetivo do estudo foi comparar o efeito de duas intervenções com diferentes volumes de exercícios físicos na aptidão física de mulheres usuárias da Atenção Primária de Saúde, no período de 12 meses. O estudo apresenta delineamento quase-experimental e longitudinal. Participaram do estudo 50 mulheres (G1= 25 e G2= 25). A intervenção 1 (G1) foi realizada 2x por semana com duração de 60 minutos por sessão e a intervenção 2 (G2) foi realizada 3x por semana com duração de 90 minutos por sessão, ambas com exercícios físicos combinados. Para avaliação da aptidão física foi utilizada a bateria de testes da AHHPERD. As variáveis de aptidão física foram analisadas pelo teste Anova de Variância Mista, sendo realizado as comparações post-hoc pelo teste de Bonferroni. A análise estatística não evidenciou interação (tempo x grupo) e diferença significativa entre grupo. A análise apontou diferenças significativas para o efeito do tempo no G1 em todas as variáveis de aptidão física nas comparações pré e 12 meses, e nas comparações pré e 6 meses, exceto para força. Para o G2, os principais resultados foram nas comparações pré e 12 meses, para todas as variáveis, exceto flexibilidade. Os ganhos mais evidenciados foram nas variáveis flexibilidade e resistência aeróbia para o G1 e na força para o G2. Conclui-se que ambas as intervenções apresentaram resultados positivos no efeito tempo, principalmente nas comparações pré e 12 meses. Não houve efeito de intervenção, evidenciando que independente do volume de exercício físico, para esse tipo de intervenção aplicado no contexto da Atenção Primária à Saúde, ambas intervenções promovem ganhos na aptidão física dos participantes.(AU)

The negative impact that physical inactivity can bring to the population makes the Unified Health System responsible to improve determinants of health in the population. The aim of study was to compare the effect of two interventions with different volumes of physical exercises on the physical fitness of women using Primary Health Care, in the period of 12 months. The study has quasiexperimental and longitudinal design. Fifty women (G1 = 25 women and G2 = 25 women) participated in the study. Intervention 1 (G1) was performed twice a week with a duration of 60 minutes per session and intervention 2 (G2) was performed 3x a week with a duration of 90 minutes per session, both with combined physical exercises. The physical fitness was accessed by AHHPERD's battery of tests. The physical fitness variables were analyzed by the ANOVA Mixed Variance test, and post-hoc comparisons were performed using the Bonferroni test. The statistical analysis didn't show interaction (time x group) and significant difference between group. The analysis showed significant differences for time effect in all variables of physical fitness for G1 (pre vs 12 months; and pre vs 6 months, except strength in this last comparison). Significant differences for time effect in all variables of physical fitness (pre vs 12 months), except flexibility, were verified for G2. The gain was more evident in the flexibility and aerobic resistance for G1 and strength for G2. It is concluded that both interventions showed a positive result in the time effect, mainly in the comparisons pre and 12 months. There was no intervention effect, showing that regardless of the volume of physical exercise, for this type of intervention applied in the context of Primary Health Care, both interventions promote gains in the physical fitness of the participants.(AU)