Family Attitude Toward Infant Home-Based Care Program Amid COVID-19 Pandemic in Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Infant's health care management at home was an important challenge for the families. Therefore, the policymakers provided a program as an extension to the care plan to implement at home and examine families' attitudes toward the program. Examination of the parents' attitude was a coincidence with COVID-19 pandemic in this study, a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study that was conducted on 385 parents with infants less than 2 months old in the health centers of Isfahan-Iran. The samples were selected by stratified random sampling method. Data gathering was done through a researcher-made Likert questionnaire, which had 30 items and 3 domains including individual-cultural, educational-supportive, and environmental domains. The data were analyzed through the descriptive and analytical statistic. The results of the study revealed a mean score of 104.12 ± 11.69 on family attitude and their positive view toward the infant home-based care program. Also, the highest score was related to the individual-cultural domain 36.95 ± 4.44, educational-supportive 34.88 ± 5.04 and environmental domains 32.29 ± 3.98, respectively. In addition, a significant relationship was found between the mean score of the family attitude and age, the number of children, education, and place of care (P < .05). Based on the results of the study, the attitude of family toward infant home-based care is positive, and the challenges of parents in caring their infants at home can be reduced as the program is implemented.

Management of Comprehensive Care of multiple-birth infants from fetal to infancy period: challenges, training, strategies.

BACKGROUND: Prematurity escalates the crisis of the infants a susceptible group of the society. Multiple delivery further intensifies the susceptibility of both family and health system. A comprehensive care is, thus, necessary to ensure the optimal growth and development of such multiple-births. Accompanied by trainings, challenges, and strategies, the present study was conducted based on a two-year report of comprehensive care management experience on two sets of multiple infants. METHODS: A qualitative case study approach was used to survey these two sets of premature infants (quadruplet and quintuplet) and their families. The data were collected through medical files, interviews, questionnaire, field presence, phone call and WhatsApp application, and continued follow-ups. Content analysis was performed based on survey and interventions during a period of two years in Isfahan, Iran (2018-2020). RESULTS: Case presentation and comprehensive care management are the main areas resulted from this study. The results of the study were categorized in eight challenging areas (categories) and strategies including sterility and infertility period, transition from the intrauterine to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), discharge process, physical and developmental status, home visit and home care, development of care plan, socio-economic support, and coronavirus nightmare. CONCLUSION: Based on challenges and strategies during these two years, the situation of the multiple-birth infants and their families' needs should be identified as the first prerequisites in an inter-professional approach and in collaboration with the health providers. Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Welfare Organization, and the charities were the parties involved with this process in our study. It was also found that developing a separate specific package of comprehensive care management plan for multiple-births is a necessity.

Information-sharing challenges between adolescents with cancer, their parents and health care providers: a qualitative study.

PURPOSE: We aimed to assess the viewpoints, experiences, and preferences within the clinical communication triangle (parent, adolescent, health care team) concerning the information-sharing process for adolescents with cancer. METHODS: This is a qualitative descriptive-exploratory study. Overall, 33 participants were recruited (adolescents diagnosed with cancer aged 15-20 years, their parents, oncologists, and nurses). In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted and data were analyzed using constant comparative analysis. RESULTS: Data analysis yielded three main themes. Disaffiliation of adolescents in information-sharing process with three subthemes: confusion and unanswered questions; and, seeking information from inferior sources. Barriers to information-sharing with three subthemes: parents as gatekeepers in the information-sharing process, cultural background creating strong barriers for information-sharing, and the negative attitude of the medical team towards information-sharing. The last theme is cornerstones in information-sharing process with three subthemes: trust and honesty to enhance communication between adolescents and the medical team, the necessity of paving the way for information-sharing, and the value of gradual information-sharing based on the adolescents need and mental readiness. CONCLUSION: Participants believed that information-sharing was insufficient and provided recommendations for facilitating this process. Information-sharing process needs to be gradual and based on the adolescent's need and mental capacity. Future research needs to focus on devising a protocol for information-sharing with adolescents with cancer that accounts for familial and cultural factors, is carefully timed, and provides clearer and more efficacious communication between parents, adolescents, and the health care team.

Mothers' experiences of infants discharge in Iranian NICU culture: a qualitative study.

PURPOSE: This study examined mothers' experiences of the preparation of their infants for discharge in the Iranian neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) culture. SUBJECTS AND SETTING: Participants included 16 mothers who had preterm infants who were hospitalized in Iranian NICUs. DESIGN: A qualitative study was used to describe mothers' experiences of infant discharge from the NICU. METHODS: Data collection was done by interviewing mothers who were in NICUs of Iranian University Hospitals. The qualitative data analysis package was used for coding and categorizing. RESULTS: Four themes were identified: learning from multiple sources, conditional discharge, enabled mother, and continued nightmares. CONCLUSION: This study highlighted several issues regarding mothers' experiences of infants' discharge plan. Nurses should be aware of these themes to support the mothers during preparation of their infants for discharge from NICUs.

Telehealth experiences of mothers of hospitalized and discharged preterm infants in Islamic Republic of Iran.

Background: The transition to telehealth services for mothers of preterm babies is a challenge in promoting the health of preterm infants, although telehealth allows real-time interaction and support for mothers. Aim: To compare the experiences of mothers of hospitalized and discharged preterm infants with telehealth services in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted from June to October 2021 using a conventional content analysis approach. The study participants included 35 hospitalized and 35 discharged mothers of preterm infants, who received healthcare consultations through WhatsApp and Telegram applications. They were selected using purposive sampling. Data collection was done using in-depth semi-structured interviews and data analysis was performed using Graneheim and Lundman analysis. Results: Our findings showed request for continuing healthcare support by the mothers as the main category, with 3 subcategories: willingness to connect to telehealth services, more comprehensive education about telehealth services, and opportunities to share experiences. Mothers of hospitalized and discharged preterm infants had conflicting views about the ambiguous role of nurses in telehealth and the use of telehealth as a support system. Conclusion: Telehealth plays an important role as a supportive method in promoting infant health and boosting the confidence of mothers of preterm infants as they continuously interact with nurses.

The impact of a three-phase education-support-follow-up program on the mothers' perceptions of the needs of their multiple infants: A protocol study for a clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Infertility, a problematic issue to the newly married couples, should be treated as no couple should be deprived of having children. The treatment, however, poses new challenges to the multiples and subsequent preterm births, health system, and families. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of an education-support-follow-up program on the mothers' perceptions of their multiples' needs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This research is a three-phase interventional study. The first phase develops an educational program through review of the literature and using the opinions of experts. In the second phase, the developed program will be implemented in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for the mothers of multiples. In the third phase, based on the developed plan, the required support will be applied and followed up. The data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire which is completed by the mothers (N = 30) before and after the intervention. Convenience sampling method will be used, and the mothers will be allocated randomly. Data gathering started from September 2020 and would continue until the sample collection is completed. Data will be analyzed through the descriptive and analytical statistics with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. RESULTS: The present study can address the needs of the multiple infants based on the implementation of an education-support-follow-up program for mothers and their families. CONCLUSION: The mothers of multiple infants are required to specify unique physical and developmental needs of their infants, while their perceptions of these needs may be different based on the education-support-follow-up program. The researchers designed the program to help them define highly specialized needs of multiples and also examined their perceptions of these needs.

Identification of perceived barriers of pain management in Iranian children: a qualitative study.

Hospitalized children are often inadequately treated for their pain. Paediatric nurses experience these inadequacies more than other health-care team members. This research was an attempt in the form of a phenomenological study to reveal some major barriers in children pain management as the nurses had perceived. Sixteen nurses were interviewed in the medical, surgical and infectious paediatric wards of a hospital in Iran. Data analysis were based on Colaizzi method that surfaced three main themes in different areas namely: organizational barriers, limitations relating to child's characteristics and barriers relating to the nature of disease and its treatments. The study results have shown organizational limitations added to the lack of authority for administering some medical intervention, inadequate equipment and utilities and unavailability of opioids as the main pain controlling and restricting factors. Additional factors that relate to the child specifications like age, temperament, behaviour, expression and gender affect the assessment and treatment of pain. The results revealed identified barriers in real context. It seems that some guidelines are needed to achieve optimal pain management.

Investigation of correlation between Internet addiction and parent-child relationship in girls' adolescence in the COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: Today, the increasing process with the using internet is a kind of disease among adolescents, especially in the COVID-19 pandemic. The activities such as learning-educational process and online games will become one of the problems for families. This study aimed to determine the relationship between internet addiction and parent-child relationships in high school girls in Isfahan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This descriptive-correlational study was conducted in girls' high school in Isfahan, Iran. One hundred and sixty students and one of their parents had participated through cluster sampling method. They filled out the Young Internet Addiction Questionnaire and the Fine et al.'s Child-Parent Questionnaire (PCRS). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical tests and Pearson correlation test. The significance level of the data was considered 0.05. RESULTS: The mean score (standard deviation) of internet addiction was 52.15 (5.67). 62.5% of the participants were not addicted to the use of the nternet. The mean score of the parent-child relationship was 118.24 (85.35). The results of the Pearson correlation test show that there is a significant negative correlation between parent-child relationships and Internet addiction in adolescent girls (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, in the girl high school students who have a stronger parent-child relationship, the rate of Internet dependence is lower. Due to the current situation of the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of Internet addiction and the parent-child relationship, the present study can help nurses, teachers, and educational planners to provide a suitable information for appropriate intervention.

Effective Factors on Implementation of Pediatric Home Care Program Amid COVID 19 Pandemic: Facilitators and Barriers.

Background: Home care service is considered as comprehensive care for children with chronic disease or COVID-19. This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the implementation of a home care nursing program for such children in 2019-2020. Materials and Methods: A descriptive-analytical study was conducted with 198 nurses working in pediatric wards of selective hospitals of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. The data were collected through an author-administered questionnaire with 44 questions. The questionnaire was designed in two parts. Part one involved gathering the demographic data of the participants. Facilitating and barrier factors of the implementation of the care were prioritized and examined in part two by using the Likert scale in both the individual and the organizational domains. The data were analyzed using the mean frequency and paired t test. Results: The mean (SD) score of individual and organizational facilitating factors were 65.65 (16.24) and 65.98 (11.29), respectively, and the mean (SD) score of the organizational barriers was 82.04 (14.36), which was significantly higher than the mean score (SD) of the individual barriers of 57.94 (14.82) (t 197 = 21.32, p < 0.05). The most important individual facilitating factor (53.82%) was "respectful communication with the family," and the most important organizational facilitator (80.40%) was "Physicians' support of the nurses." Conclusions: Organizational factors were the most significant barriers. Therefore, the findings of this study will help policymakers in the program implementation.

Follow-up Plan as a Necessity for Nursing Care: A Decrease of Stress in Mothers with their Children in Pediatric Surgical Units.

Introduction: Children are vulnerable to damage. Health problems in children, especially if necessitate hospitalization, can cause stress in their parents that may persist even long after discharge. This study aimed to investigate the effect of implementing follow-up care plans on stress in mothers of children discharged from pediatric surgical units. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted on 64 mothers whose children were hospitalized in the surgical wards of two educational hospitals affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. The participants were randomly assigned into two groups of control and experimental. The data collection tools included a demographic data questionnaire and stress response inventory (SRI). The interventions were performed using a four-stage follow-up care plan. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 13 and descriptive statistics, independent t-test, repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), and least significant difference (LSD) test. Results: The mean (SD) stress scores of the experimental group were 64.1 (28.8), 20.4 (12.4), and 11.6 (7.5) before, one week, and one month after the intervention, respectively. In the control group, these scores were 61.2 (29.2), 59.9 (25.5), and 46.7 (19.1), respectively. The results showed the mean score was significantly lower than that of the control group at one week and one month after the intervention in the experimental group. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that a follow-up care plan can decrease the stress levels of mothers as a continuity of patient care even after discharge.

Improvement of medication error reporting: An applied motivation program in pediatric units.

BACKGROUND: The rate of reporting medication errors is lower than the actual rate. The role of education, encouragement, and promotion of reporting culture can contribute to the increase of errors reporting. This study was to investigate the effect of motivational program on reporting of medication errors in the pediatric units. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A quasi-experimental study with pre- and post-test design was done through 60 nurses working in the pediatric wards of the selected hospital in Isfahan, Iran in 2018-2019. Nurses participated in the study through the census sampling method. Data were collected using a questionnaire based on eight medication principles completed by the nurses before and after the intervention. The intervention was conducted through a motivational program in two parts of training and positive reinforcement. Data were analyzed through the descriptive statistics (frequency, mean, and standard deviation [SD]) as well as inferential statistics (Wilcoxon test and paired t-test). RESULTS: After the intervention, the most medication error reports (60%) were in the principle of right medication (similar name). Furthermore, the total score (SD) of medication error reporting was significantly increased from 7.35 (2.43) before the intervention to 17.04 (5.59) after the intervention, (t = 8.03, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Motivational program increased medication error reports. Therefore, the managers can improve medication care and the safety of children through continuous education and encouragement in the hospitals.

The Impact of Kobasa and Maddi Hardiness Model on Stress and Hardiness of Iranian Pediatric Nurses: A Clinical Trial Study.

BACKGROUND: Pediatric nurses, who take care of ill children and interact with their exhausted and anxious parents, face more challenges for which some strategies must be considered to reduce tensions and improve mental health. This study was conducted to examine the effect of Kobasa and Maddi hardiness model on hardiness and perceived stress among nurses in pediatric units of a hospital in Isfahan - Iran in 2018. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Participants were 57 nurses selected from the staff of pediatric units. They were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. Data collection was done by means of Kobasa Hardiness Inventory and perceived stress scale. The intervention group attended educational and exercise sessions for 3 months. Data were analyzed through descriptive (frequency, mean, and standard deviation) and analytical (Chi-square, Fisher exact test, Mann-Whitney, and t-tests) statistics. RESULTS: Results of study revealed that before the intervention, the mean scores of hardiness and perceived stress of nurses were not significant. However, significant differences were observed after the intervention for hardiness and perceived stress (t2,98 p < 0.004, t2,4 p < 0.02), respectively. The mean (SD) hardiness score in the intervention group increased from 65.06 (9.11) to 71.27 (7.44), whereas mean perceived stress score decreased from 26.54 (7.59) to 22.55 (8.39) after the intervention. CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of Hardiness Kobasa and Maddi Model increased hardiness and decreased perceived stress of the nurses. Thus, nursing managers may implement the Kobasa and Maddi hardiness model before initiating their job and during continuing education.

Perceived Child Abuse and Neglect in Hospitalized Children with Special Health Care Needs in Iran.

BACKGROUND: Child Abuse and Neglect (CAN) is an important public health concern. Nurses play a key role in caring for the children and keeping them safe from abuse and neglect. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of perceived CAN in Hospitalized Children with Special Health Care Needs (CSHCN) as well as the relationship between the rate and some effective factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study on 199 CSHCN aged 6-18 years old, admitted to the pediatric wards in an educational hospital, in Isfahan, Iran, in 2018. Children were selected through convenience sampling method and assessed for CAN through a child abuse questionnaire. The Pearson correlation coefficient and Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to analyze the data. The p values smaller than 0.05 were regarded as significant. RESULTS: According to the findings, 173 children (86.93%) had perceived CAN, the average total score of which was 9.36 contributing commonly to malnutrition 3.01 (2.36) followed by psycho-emotional abuse 2.71 (1.76), neglect 1.62 (1.23), and physical 1.52 (1.08) and sexual 0.54 (0.31) abuse based on mean (SD). Statistical analysis indicated a significant effect of child's age, economic situation of the family, mother's education and occupation, and parents' illness on the total score of perceived CAN (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Malnutrition was found to be the most common type of perceived CAN. Therefore, parents and the health system are advised to prioritize nutritional needs when planning their nutrition.

Effect of a self-help educational program with peer group on anxiety of mothers of children with cancer: A clinical trial study.

BACKGROUND: The mental health of the mothers of the children with cancer is strongly influenced by the child's illness and treatment process. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a self-help educational program with peer group on anxiety of the mothers of the children with cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This clinical trial study was conducted on 44 mothers of the children with cancer in an educational Hospital of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Convenience sampling method was performed on the eligible mothers, and using random allocation, they were divided into two groups of the intervention (n = 22) and the control (n = 22). Both groups completed the Hamilton Anxiety Questionnaire before and after the intervention. The intervention of the study was a self-help educational program with peer group that was performed in collaboration with the mothers of the children with cancer, a psychiatrist, and cancer nurses in the hospital within 3 months. RESULTS: The results showed that 55% of the mothers of the intervention group had severe and very severe anxiety before the intervention, but the intensity of their anxiety was reported to be moderate after the intervention. The analysis of covariance with adjusted anxiety score in the two groups showed that the mean score of anxiety in the intervention group decreased from 22.3 to 12.3 after the intervention, showing a significant difference (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The program, designed to support the mothers and guide the specialists and psychiatrists to counsel the mothers, can enhance their self-help and reduce their anxiety level.

The effects of swallowing exercise and non-nutritive sucking exercise on oral feeding readiness in preterm infants: A randomized controlled trial.

INTRODUCTION: Preterm infants demonstrate problems with pharyngeal swallowing in addition to sucking problems. Oral motor intervention and nonnutritive sucking (NNS) were introduced for promoting oral feeding skills in preterm infants. NNS cannot cover all the components of oral feeding. In another hand, the swallowing exercise (SE) can accelerate the attainment of independent oral feeding in the preterm infants. The current study sought to examine if a combined program of NNS and SE compared with a program that only involves NNS would be more effective on oral feeding readiness of premature infants. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This randomized controlled trial was conducted in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). 45 preterm infants were recruited in three groups. In the group I, infants were provided with NNS twice a day. The group II received a program that involved 15 min of NNS and 15 min of SE, daily. Both interventions were provided 10 days during two consecutive weeks. The group III, control group, just received the routine NICU care. All infants were assessed by functional oral feeding outcome measures including postmenstrual age (PMA) at the start of oral feeding, PMA at full oral feeding, transition time (days from start to full oral feeding), PMA at discharge time and also the infant's dependency on tube-feeding at discharge time after interventions. Also, all infants were assessed via Preterm Oral Feeding Readiness Scale (POFRAS) before and after intervention. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed in the PMA mean at start of oral-feeding (P = 0.29), full oral-feeding (P = 0.13), discharge time (P = 0.45) and the mean of transition time (P = 0.14). Compared to the control group, more infants in the group II were discharged without tube-feeding (P = 0.01). The mean of POFRAS was significantly higher in both groups I and II compared to the group III (P = 0.02 and P = 0.01, respectively). This score was, however, not statistically different between the groups I and II (P = 0.98). CONCLUSIONS: Both studied interventions were superior to routine NICU care in enhancing the oral feeding readiness of preterm infants based on the POFRAS score. The studied combined program of NNS and SE, and not NNS program, could significantly increase the number of discharged infants without tube-feeding compared to control group.

The Effect of the Appraisal Interview on Nurses' Performance in Neonatal Intensive Care Units.

BACKGROUND: Performance appraisal system can be an effective role to improve the infants' health in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). The most important challenge of the nurses' performance appraisal system is that the process is not conducted correctly. The aim of this study was therefore to determine the effect of the appraisal interview on the performance scores of the nurses in NICU. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A randomized clinical trial study was conducted with 71 nurses in two selected hospitals of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 2018. The participants worked in the NICU and were selected through convenience sampling method, and then, were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups. The intervention was an appraisal interview which was done by head nurses, who attended a training workshop to know how to conduct an appraisal process. Control group was appraised without an interview. The performance scores of both groups were collected through approved Nurse Appraisal Tool, developed by the Ministry of Health and Medical Education for nurses, and analyzed by SPSS Software before and after the intervention. RESULTS: Independent t-test showed no significant differences in mean scores of nurses' performance appraisal before the intervention between the two groups (p = 0.91), but independent t-test showed that these scores were significantly higher in the intervention group compared to the control (p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: According to the findings, nurses' performance scores can be increased through an acceptable performance appraisal system with an interview process.

Reduced Mental Workload of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Nurses through a Self-designed Education Class: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: One of the factors affecting the behavior and performance of nurses is mental workload. Training programs can improve the attitude, knowledge, and performance of nurses. However, the impact of these programs on mental workload is not clear. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate and compare the effect of two conventional and self-designed education classes on the mental workload of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) nurses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted on 68 nurses, divided into two intervention and control groups. Subjects of the intervention group attended a social awareness reinforcement class, in which one of the dimensions of emotional intelligence was introduced and covered. Research tool was the mental workload questionnaire of National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA-TLX). RESULTS: In this research, results of the paired t-test were indicative of a significant decrease in the mean score of mental workload immediately after the intervention (t = 1.48, p < 0.001) and one month later (t = 1.11, p = 0.007). Moreover, a significant difference was observed in the mean score of mental workload of the intervention group between before and after the conventional education class, and before and 1 month after the self-designed class using repeated-measures analysis of variance (F = 21.31, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: According to the results of the study, the conventional education class had no impact on the mental workload, whereas the self-designed class significantly decreased mental workload. Therefore, it is suggested that education programs be conducted for NICU nurses to improve their emotional intelligence, which leads to decreased level of mental workload.

Association between Newborns' Breastfeeding Behaviors in the First Two Hours After Birth and Drugs Used For Their Mothers in Labor.

OBJECTIVE: Use of narcotics to relieve pain in labor affects neurobehavioral and nutritional conditions of newborns after birth. However, there are inadequate data on the effects of drugs currently used in labor. This study was performed to examine the association between newborns' breastfeeding behaviors in the first two hours after birth and drugs used for their mothers in labor in Isfahan, central Iran, from 2014 to 2016. MATERIALS & METHODS: In this descriptive-analytical study, 300 women were selected who had vaginal delivery in the Labor and Gynecology Wards of Al-Zahra and Shahid Beheshti hospitals, Isfahan, Iran from 2014 to 2016. Data were collected by a demographic questionnaire and the Newborn Breastfeeding Behaviors Tool completed by the researcher as she observed the newborns during breastfeeding after birth. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, chi-square test and Kruskal-Wallis test in SPSS 20. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between demographic characteristics of the studied groups (P>0.05). In addition, there was significant difference in breastfeeding behaviors between groups. More clearly, breastfeeding ability was higher in the infants of the women administered with no drug than those of the women in the group (P=0.000). CONCLUSION: Physicians, nurses, and midwives can be informed about the side effects of the drugs used in labor on the newborns' breastfeeding, and improve their breastfeeding outcomes by decreasing the dose of used drug and the duration of the women's treatment with these drugs.

Nurses' experiences from pain management in children in Iranian culture: A phenomenology study.

BACKGROUND: Management pain in hospitalized children is challenging for the health-care professionals. Nurses have the most interactions with children who need to assess and manage for their pain. Therefore, the aim was to describe nurses' experiences from pain management among hospitalized children from Iranian culture in this study. METHODS: A phenomenological study was conducted in which 23 nurses working in an educational hospital in Isfahan-Iran. The nurses participated in interviews based on a purposeful sampling method. RESULTS: Participants' experiences were categorized into three major themes and twelve subthemes including the nurses' ability of detection of the pain nature, reaction to pain management and belief in pain relief. CONCLUSIONS: The research showed that the nurses have valuable experiences in pain management in their workplaces. Their descriptions were based on the use of three domains that consist of knowledge, belief, and practice. Therefore, it is vital to focus on the subject of pain in nursing curriculum and guidelines in hospitals. A more extensive research is needed to demonstrate perceived barriers to pain management.