Factors associated with small ruminant lentivirus infection in goat herds from Pernambuco state, Northeast region of Brazil.

Serum samples (n = 1532) were collected between May 2011 to April 2012 from goats from 76 herds (49 from dairy farms and 27 herds for genetic improvement) from three geographical regions from the state of Pernambuco, Brazil: Zona da Mata, Agreste, and Sertão. Samples were processed using agar gel immunodiffusion test, with p28 CAEV antigen. The objective was to determine the risk factors for small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) in dairy goats and goats with high genetic value. Overall, seroprevalence was 13.7% (210/1532) [95% CI: 12-15.4%] in animals and 67.1% (51/76) [95% CI: 56.5%- 77.7%] in herds. In dairy farms the seroprevalence was 73.5% (36/49) [95% CI: 61.1%- 85.8%], and in properties with animals of high genetic value it was 55.6% (15/27) [95% CI: 36.8%- 74.3%]. Robust Poisson regression analysis adjusted by the random effect of the herd showed that risk factors were: importing bucks from another Brazilian state (prevalence ratio [PR] = 4.73 [95% CI: 2.05; 10.88]), not isolating sick animals (PR = 3.27 [95% CI: 2.24; 4.76]), and participating in fairs/animal crowding (PR = 1.52 [95% CI: 1.09; 2.11]). Prevalence results show that SRLV is present in caprine herds in the state of Pernambuco and identified risk factors are strongly related to animal transit. Considering the epidemiological situation, the first step for mitigating the consequences of this disease would be controlling animal transit.

Soroepidemiological survey of chlamydia abortus infection in bovine in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil / Inquérito soroepidemiológico da infecção por chlamydia abortus em bovinos no Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil

The objective of this study was to conduct a seroepidemiological survey of Chlamydia abortus infection in dairy cattle herds. A total of 303 blood serum samples were collected from 24 property in Vale do Ipanema microregion in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. For the diagnosis of C. abortus infection, a commercial enzyme immunoassay kit (ELISA) was used. A prevalence of 34.0% (103/303; 95% CI: 28.7%-39.7%) of infected animals was identified. In 79.8% (19/24) of the properties, at least one infected animal was detected. The risk factors identified were: semi-intensive system (OR = 3.47, p ≤ 0.000), extensive system (OR = 8.14; p ≤ 0.000), supply of water in troughs and directly at the fountain (OR = 2.29, p = 0.002), pasture rent (OR = 1.72, p = 0.041), use of artificial insemination (AI) (OR = 3.07, p = 0.002), and use of AI associated with natural mount (OR = 2.22, p = 0.003). The occurrence of C. abortus infection in dairy cattle in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, was recorded for the first time. It is concluded that the infection by this agent is present in the analyzed herds and that hygienic and sanitary management measures based on the identified risk factors should be implemented to avoid reproductive losses and losses to the producers.(AU)

Objetivou-se realizar um inquérito soroepidemiológico da infecção por Chlamydia abortus em rebanhos bovinos leiteiros. Foram coletadas 303 amostras de soro sanguíneo de bovinos procedentes de 24 propriedades da microrregião do Vale do Ipanema no estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. Para o diagnóstico da infecção por C. abortus, utilizou-se kit comercial de ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA). Foi identificada uma prevalência de 34,0% (103/303; IC 95% - 28,7% - 39,7%) de animais positivos. Em 79,8% (19/24) das propriedades foi detectado pelo menos um animal positivo. Os fatores de risco identificados foram: sistema semi-intensivo (OR = 3,47; p= < 0,000), sistema extensivo (OR = 8,14; p = < 0,000); fornecimento de água em cochos e diretamente na fonte (OR = 2,29; p = 0,002); aluguel de pasto (OR = 1,72; p = 0,041); uso de inseminação artificial (IA) (OR = 3,07; p = 0,002) e uso de IA associado à monta natural (OR = 2,22; p = 0,003). Registra-se, pela primeira vez, a ocorrência da infecção por C. abortus em bovinos no estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. Conclui-se que a infecção por esse agente está presente nos rebanhos analisados e que medidas de manejo higiênico-sanitário baseadas nos fatores de risco identificados devem ser implementadas com o intuito de evitar perdas reprodutivas e prejuízos para os produtores.(AU)

Anticorpos anti-Chlamydia abortus e anti-Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis em bubalinos no estado de Pernambuco, Brasil / Anti-Chlamydia abortus and anti-Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis antibodies in buffaloes in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil

Background: The occurrence of economic losses in buffaloes may be related to reproductive problems such as chlamydiosiscaused by the bacteria Chlamydia abortus considered as a zoonotic agent; and digestive problems highlighting the infectionby Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map), responsible for paratuberculosis. There is a little information aboutthese diseases in buffaloes, therefore the aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of anti-Chlamydia abortus andanti- Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) antibodies in water buffaloes in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil.Materials, Methods & Results: Two hundred and sixty-two bubaline sera belonging to the serum bank of the InfectiousDiseases Laboratory (LIDIC) of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE) were analyzed. The samples werefrom nine properties distributed in the municipalities of Agreste and Zona da Mata of the state of Pernambuco. For thedetection of anti-Chlamydia abortus and anti-Map antibodies was used a technique of Enzyme Immunoabsorption Assay (ELISA) of the IDEXX® by following the manufacturers instructions. Regarding the detection of anti-Chlamydiaabortus antibodies, it was observed that 47.70% (125/262) of the samples were positive. All properties showed at least onepositive animal for the investigation of anti-Chlamydia abortus antibodies. It was also verified the occurrence of 7.25%of suspected animals for the investigation of anti-C. abortus antibodies. No positives animals were observed for Map inthe bubaline analyzed.Discussion: The occurrence of anti-C. abortus antibodies in buffaloes in the region can be explained by the fact that properties with buffalo breeding has sanitary management that allows the contact between animals, thus increasing the risk oftransmission of the agent. In addition, the variation found...(AU)

Anticorpos anti-Chlamydia abortus e anti-Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis em bubalinos no estado de Pernambuco, Brasil / Anti-Chlamydia abortus and anti-Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis antibodies in buffaloes in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil

Background: The occurrence of economic losses in buffaloes may be related to reproductive problems such as chlamydiosiscaused by the bacteria Chlamydia abortus considered as a zoonotic agent; and digestive problems highlighting the infectionby Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map), responsible for paratuberculosis. There is a little information aboutthese diseases in buffaloes, therefore the aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of anti-Chlamydia abortus andanti- Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) antibodies in water buffaloes in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil.Materials, Methods & Results: Two hundred and sixty-two bubaline sera belonging to the serum bank of the InfectiousDiseases Laboratory (LIDIC) of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE) were analyzed. The samples werefrom nine properties distributed in the municipalities of Agreste and Zona da Mata of the state of Pernambuco. For thedetection of anti-Chlamydia abortus and anti-Map antibodies was used a technique of Enzyme Immunoabsorption Assay (ELISA) of the IDEXX® by following the manufacturer’s instructions. Regarding the detection of anti-Chlamydiaabortus antibodies, it was observed that 47.70% (125/262) of the samples were positive. All properties showed at least onepositive animal for the investigation of anti-Chlamydia abortus antibodies. It was also verified the occurrence of 7.25%of suspected animals for the investigation of anti-C. abortus antibodies. No positives animals were observed for Map inthe bubaline analyzed.Discussion: The occurrence of anti-C. abortus antibodies in buffaloes in the region can be explained by the fact that properties with buffalo breeding has sanitary management that allows the contact between animals, thus increasing the risk oftransmission of the agent. In addition, the variation found...

Occurrence of Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVDV) and Bovine Infectious Rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus infections in buffaloes in Pernambuco state - Brazil

Background: Buffaloes are susceptible to viral infections, often associated with pathologies of importance in cattle breeding.Among the numerous infectious diseases, Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVDV) and Bovine Infectious Rhinotracheitis (IBR) havea negative impact on buffalo creations. This study aimed to detect the occurrence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV)and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus infections in buffaloes in Pernambuco state, Brazil.Materials, Methods & Results: For this purpose, serum samples were obtained from 244 buffaloes on eight properties distributedin six municipalities. The search for anti-BVDV and -bovine herpesvirus type-1 (BoHV-1) antibodies was performedusing the virus neutralization technique. To analyze the association between the serological status of BoHV-1 infection andaspects of hygienic-sanitary and reproductive management, an investigative questionnaire with objective questions wasused. In total, 97.9% (239/244) of buffaloes had anti-BVDV antibodies and 56.1% (137/244) had anti-BoHV-1 antibodies.Co-infection was observed in 55.3% (135/244) of buffaloes. The distribution of antibody occurrence in buffaloes byproperties ranged from 90.5% to 100.0% for BVDV and from 4.8% to 100% for BoHV-1. It was not possible to performan association analysis for BVDV infection; however, in that for BoHV-1 infection, the following variables exhibited asignificant association: an extensive breeding system (P < 0.001), open herd (P = 0.029), lack of reproductive rest (P =0.029), natural mating in females with reproductive disorders (P < 0.001), exploration type (P = 0.0014), presence of wildanimals (P < 0.001), and lack of cleaning facilities (P = 0.008).Discussion: The occurrence of anti-BVDV antibodies in this study was 97.9% this was higher than those reported in othercountry’s regions. The results of the present study demonstrate a high occurrence of anti-BVDV antibodies in [...]

Occurrence of Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVDV) and Bovine Infectious Rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus infections in buffaloes in Pernambuco state - Brazil

Background: Buffaloes are susceptible to viral infections, often associated with pathologies of importance in cattle breeding.Among the numerous infectious diseases, Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVDV) and Bovine Infectious Rhinotracheitis (IBR) havea negative impact on buffalo creations. This study aimed to detect the occurrence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV)and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus infections in buffaloes in Pernambuco state, Brazil.Materials, Methods & Results: For this purpose, serum samples were obtained from 244 buffaloes on eight properties distributedin six municipalities. The search for anti-BVDV and -bovine herpesvirus type-1 (BoHV-1) antibodies was performedusing the virus neutralization technique. To analyze the association between the serological status of BoHV-1 infection andaspects of hygienic-sanitary and reproductive management, an investigative questionnaire with objective questions wasused. In total, 97.9% (239/244) of buffaloes had anti-BVDV antibodies and 56.1% (137/244) had anti-BoHV-1 antibodies.Co-infection was observed in 55.3% (135/244) of buffaloes. The distribution of antibody occurrence in buffaloes byproperties ranged from 90.5% to 100.0% for BVDV and from 4.8% to 100% for BoHV-1. It was not possible to performan association analysis for BVDV infection; however, in that for BoHV-1 infection, the following variables exhibited asignificant association: an extensive breeding system (P < 0.001), open herd (P = 0.029), lack of reproductive rest (P =0.029), natural mating in females with reproductive disorders (P < 0.001), exploration type (P = 0.0014), presence of wildanimals (P < 0.001), and lack of cleaning facilities (P = 0.008).Discussion: The occurrence of anti-BVDV antibodies in this study was 97.9% this was higher than those reported in othercountrys regions. The results of the present study demonstrate a high occurrence of anti-BVDV antibodies in [...] (AU)

Soroprevalência de Maedi-visna em rebanhos ovinos do estado do Maranhão, Brasil / Seroprevalence of Maedi-Visna in sheep flocks State of Maranhão, Brazil

Apesar de ter sido relatada em vários estados, não há informação sobre o Vírus da Maedi Visna (MVV) no Maranhão, e com o crescimento de sua ovinocultura, aumenta o fluxo de animais de outras regiões. Com isso objetivou-se determinar a soroprevalência do MVV em rebanhos ovinos das três principais mesorregiões produtoras do estado do Maranhão, através da pesquisa das 1.495 amostras sanguíneas de ovinos, com idade superior a seis meses, pertencentes a 83 rebanhos de 23 municípios das mesorregiões Cento, Leste e Norte. O diagnóstico sorológico da infecção pelo vírus MVV foi realizado por meio do teste de imunodifusão em gel de ágar (micro-IDGA). Constatou-se uma prevalência geral de 0,7% (IC95%:0,4-1,3%) de ovinos soropositivos e prevalências nas mesorregiões Centro, Leste e Norte de 0,5% (IC95%:0,1-1,4%), 0,7% (IC95%:0,2-1,8%) e 1% (IC95%:0,3-2,4%) respectivamente. Em relação à variável sexo, não foi observada diferença significativa (P>0,05) entre machos (0,5%, IC95%:0-2,7%) e fêmeas (0,8%, IC95%:0,4-1,4%), assim como quanto a genética comparando-se ovinos de raças puras (1,5%, IC95%: 0,4-8,1%), mestiços (1%, IC95%:0,4-2,0%) e SRD (0,3%, IC95%:0,04-1,1%). A análise quanto à idade não demonstrou diferença significante (P>0,05). Conclui-se que a infecção pelo MVV está presente em ovinos das mesorregiões estudadas, sendo este o primeiro registro desta enfermidade no estado do Maranhão. Considerando a baixa prevalência, é necessário evitar a introdução e a propagação do vírus entre os rebanhos, através da exigência de testes negativos para MVV e descarte dos ovinos positivos.

Although it has been reported in several states, no information about Maedi-Visna (MV) in the state of Maranhão is available. The aim of the present study was to determine the seroprevalence of Maedi Visna Virus (MVV) in sheep flocks of the three most important sheep rearing areas from Maranhão State, Brazil. We surveyed 1.495 blood samples from sheep older than six months, of both sexes and various breeds. The samples were collected from 83 herds of 23 municipalities present in the Central, East and North regions of Maranhão. The immunodifusion agar gel (micro-AGID) performed serological diagnosis of infection MVV. The statistical analysis was performed by Fisher's test, using Epi Info. It was found an overall prevalence of MVV infection of 0,7% (CI95%:0,4-1,3%) the ovines and prevalence of 0,5% (CI95%:0,1-1,4%), 0,7% (CI95%:0,2-1,8%) e 1% (CI95%:0,3-2,4%) in the Central, East and North regions, respectively. In relation to sex, there wasn't a significant difference (P>0.05) between males (0,5,%, CI95%:0-2,7%) and females (0,8%, CI95%:0,4-1,4%), as well as in relation to genetic comparing sheep purebreds (1,5%, CI95%:0,4-8,1%), crossbred (1%, CI95%:0,4-2,0%) and SRD (0,3%, IC95%:0,04-1,1%). In relation to age wasn't observed significant difference. It has concluded that infection with MVV is present in the studied population in low prevalence. This is the first record of MVV in sheep in the State of Maranhão. Considering the low prevalence is necessary to prevent the introduction and spread of the virus between flocks by requiring negative tests for MVV and disposal of positive sheep.

Seroprevalence of Maedi-Visna in sheep flocks State of Maranhão, Brazil / Soroprevalência de Maedi-visna em rebanhos ovinos do estado do Maranhão, Brasil

Although it has been reported in several states, no information about Maedi-Visna (MV) in the state of Maranhão is available. The aim of the present study was to determine the seroprevalence of Maedi Visna Virus (MVV) in sheep flocks of the three most important sheep rearing areas from Maranhão State, Brazil. We surveyed 1.495 blood samples from sheep older than six months, of both sexes and various breeds. The samples were collected from 83 herds of 23 municipalities present in the Central, East and North regions of Maranhão. The immunodifusion agar gel (micro-AGID) performed serological diagnosis of infection MVV. The statistical analysis was performed by Fishers test, using Epi Info. It was found an overall prevalence of MVV infection of 0,7% (CI95%:0,4-1,3%) the ovines and prevalence of 0,5% (CI95%:0,1-1,4%), 0,7% (CI95%:0,2-1,8%) e 1% (CI95%:0,3-2,4%) in the Central, East and North regions, respectively. In relation to sex, there wasnt a significant difference (P>0.05) between males (0,5,%, CI95%:0-2,7%) and females (0,8%, CI95%:0,4-1,4%), as well as in relation to genetic comparing sheep purebreds (1,5%, CI95%:0,4-8,1%), crossbred (1%, CI95%:0,4-2,0%) and SRD (0,3%, IC95%:0,04-1,1%). In relation to age wasnt observed significant difference. It has concluded that infection with MVV is present in the studied population in low prevalence. This is the first record of MVV in sheep in the State of Maranhão. Considering the low prevalence is necessary to prevent the introduction and spread of the virus between flocks by requiring negative tests for MVV and disposal of positive sheep.(AU)

Apesar de ter sido relatada em vários estados, não há informação sobre o Vírus da Maedi Visna (MVV) no Maranhão, e com o crescimento de sua ovinocultura, aumenta o fluxo de animais de outras regiões. Com isso objetivou-se determinar a soroprevalência do MVV em rebanhos ovinos das três principais mesorregiões produtoras do estado do Maranhão, através da pesquisa das 1.495 amostras sanguíneas de ovinos, com idade superior a seis meses, pertencentes a 83 rebanhos de 23 municípios das mesorregiões Cento, Leste e Norte. O diagnóstico sorológico da infecção pelo vírus MVV foi realizado por meio do teste de imunodifusão em gel de ágar (micro-IDGA). Constatou-se uma prevalência geral de 0,7% (IC95%:0,4-1,3%) de ovinos soropositivos e prevalências nas mesorregiões Centro, Leste e Norte de 0,5% (IC95%:0,1-1,4%), 0,7% (IC95%:0,2-1,8%) e 1% (IC95%:0,3-2,4%) respectivamente. Em relação à variável sexo, não foi observada diferença significativa (P>0,05) entre machos (0,5%, IC95%:0-2,7%) e fêmeas (0,8%, IC95%:0,4-1,4%), assim como quanto a genética comparando-se ovinos de raças puras (1,5%, IC95%: 0,4-8,1%), mestiços (1%, IC95%:0,4-2,0%) e SRD (0,3%, IC95%:0,04-1,1%). A análise quanto à idade não demonstrou diferença significante (P>0,05). Conclui-se que a infecção pelo MVV está presente em ovinos das mesorregiões estudadas, sendo este o primeiro registro desta enfermidade no estado do Maranhão. Considerando a baixa prevalência, é necessário evitar a introdução e a propagação do vírus entre os rebanhos, através da exigência de testes negativos para MVV e descarte dos ovinos positivos.(AU)

Soroprevalência da infecção por lentivírus de pequenos ruminantes em abatedouros do estado de Pernambuco, Brasil / Seroprevalence small ruminant lentiviruses in the state of Pernambuco slaughterhouses, Brazil

A soroprevalência da infecção por lentivírus de pequenos ruminantes (LVPR) foi determinada em amostras de soros sanguíneos de caprinos e ovinos de aptidão cárnea provenientes de abatedouros de dez municípios do estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. O diagnóstico sorológico ocorreu por meio da imunodifusão em gel de agarose (micro-IDGA) com antígenos dos vírus artrite encefalite caprina (CAE)/Maedi-Visna. Entre as 369 amostras de caprinos, 7(1,89%) (0,8-3,9%) eram soropositivas, e, entre as 383 de ovinos, 1 (0,26%) (0,0-1,4%) estava infectada. Os 7 caprinos soropositivos procederam dos abatedouros públicos dos municípios de Gravatá (n=2), Sertânia (n=4) e Timbaúba (n=1), e o ovino soropositivo veio do abatedouro público de Serra Talhada. A soroprevalência da infecção por LVPR em pequenos ruminantes oriundos de abatedouros do estado de Pernambuco, de 1,06% (8/752), é considerada baixa.(AU)

The prevalence of lentivirus infection of small ruminants (LVPR) was determined in samples of serum from goats and sheep in slaughterhouses from ten districts of Pernambuco State. The serological test was used in agarose gel immunodiffusion (AGID) with antigen caprine arthritis and encephalitis virus (CAE)/Maedi Visna virus. Among the 369 blood serum samples of goats examined, seven (1.89%) (0.8-3.9%) were seropositive, and among the 383 sheep samples examined, just one (0.26%) (0.0-1.4%) was infected. The seven seropositive goats came from public slaughterhouses from Gravatá (n=2), Sertânia (n=4) and Timbaúba (n=1), and the soropositive sheep was from a public slaughterhouse of Serra Talhada. The soroprevalence of LVPR infection in small ruminants from Pernambuco's slaughterhouses, of 1.06% (8/752), is considered low.(AU)

Seroprevalence small ruminant lentiviruses in the state of Pernambuco slaughterhouses, Brazil / Soroprevalência da infecção por lentivírus de pequenos ruminantes em abatedouros do estado de Pernambuco, Brasil

The prevalence of lentivirus infection of small ruminants (LVPR) was determined in samples of serum from goats and sheep in slaughterhouses from ten districts of Pernambuco State. The serological test was used in agarose gel immunodiffusion (AGID) with antigen caprine arthritis and encephalitis virus (CAE)/Maedi Visna virus. Among the 369 blood serum samples of goats examined, seven (1.89%) (0.83.9%) were seropositive, and among the 383 sheep samples examined, just one (0.26%) (0.01.4%) was infected. The seven seropositive goats came from public slaughterhouses from Gravatá (n=2), Sertânia (n=4) and Timbaúba (n=1), and the soropositive sheep was from a public slaughterhouse of Serra Talhada. The soroprevalence of LVPR infection in small ruminants from Pernambucos slaughterhouses, of 1.06% (8/752), is considered low.

A soroprevalência da infecção por lentivírus de pequenos ruminantes (LVPR) foi determinada em amostras de soros sanguíneos de caprinos e ovinos de aptidão cárnea provenientes de abatedouros de dez municípios do estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. O diagnóstico sorológico ocorreu por meio da imunodifusão em gel de agarose (micro-IDGA) com antígenos dos vírus artrite encefalite caprina (CAE)/Maedi-Visna. Entre as 369 amostras de caprinos, 7(1,89%) (0,83,9%) eram soropositivas, e, entre as 383 de ovinos, 1 (0,26%) (0,01,4%) estava infectada. Os 7 caprinos soropositivos procederam dos abatedouros públicos dos municípios de Gravatá (n=2), Sertânia (n=4) e Timbaúba (n=1), e o ovino soropositivo veio do abatedouro público de Serra Talhada. A soroprevalência da infecção por LVPR em pequenos ruminantes oriundos de abatedouros do estado de Pernambuco, de 1,06% (8/752), é considerada baixa.

Seroprevalence small ruminant lentiviruses in the state of Pernambuco slaughterhouses, Brazil / Soroprevalência da infecção por lentivírus de pequenos ruminantes em abatedouros do estado de Pernambuco, Brasil

The prevalence of lentivirus infection of small ruminants (LVPR) was determined in samples of serum from goats and sheep in slaughterhouses from ten districts of Pernambuco State. The serological test was used in agarose gel immunodiffusion (AGID) with antigen caprine arthritis and encephalitis virus (CAE)/Maedi Visna virus. Among the 369 blood serum samples of goats examined, seven (1.89%) (0.83.9%) were seropositive, and among the 383 sheep samples examined, just one (0.26%) (0.01.4%) was infected. The seven seropositive goats came from public slaughterhouses from Gravatá (n=2), Sertânia (n=4) and Timbaúba (n=1), and the soropositive sheep was from a public slaughterhouse of Serra Talhada. The soroprevalence of LVPR infection in small ruminants from Pernambucos slaughterhouses, of 1.06% (8/752), is considered low.(AU)

A soroprevalência da infecção por lentivírus de pequenos ruminantes (LVPR) foi determinada em amostras de soros sanguíneos de caprinos e ovinos de aptidão cárnea provenientes de abatedouros de dez municípios do estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. O diagnóstico sorológico ocorreu por meio da imunodifusão em gel de agarose (micro-IDGA) com antígenos dos vírus artrite encefalite caprina (CAE)/Maedi-Visna. Entre as 369 amostras de caprinos, 7(1,89%) (0,83,9%) eram soropositivas, e, entre as 383 de ovinos, 1 (0,26%) (0,01,4%) estava infectada. Os 7 caprinos soropositivos procederam dos abatedouros públicos dos municípios de Gravatá (n=2), Sertânia (n=4) e Timbaúba (n=1), e o ovino soropositivo veio do abatedouro público de Serra Talhada. A soroprevalência da infecção por LVPR em pequenos ruminantes oriundos de abatedouros do estado de Pernambuco, de 1,06% (8/752), é considerada baixa.(AU)

Ocorrência da infecção pelo vírus da artrite encefalite caprina em rebanhos de caprinos leiteiros do município de Poço Verde, Sergipe / Occurrence of infection by caprine arthritis encephalitis virus in dairy goat heard of Poço Verde city, Sergipe

O objetivo desse trabalho foi determinar a ocorrência de anticorpos contra o Vírus da Artrite-Encefalite Caprina (VAEC), bem como avaliar os fatores de risco associados à infecção por esse lentivírus, em rebanhos de caprinos leiteiros do município de Poço Verde, estado de Sergipe, Brasil, criados em sistema intensivo e semi-extensivo. Foram coletadas, nos meses de junho de 2014 e outubro de 2015, 276 amostras de sangue de caprinos, oriundos de quinze propriedades, para pesquisa de anticorpos anti-VAEC, pela técnica de microimunodifusão em gel de ágar. As variáveis estudadas, tais como sexo, raça e manejo foram obtidas a partir de questionários, aplicados aos proprietários dos animais e analisadas, determinando-se frequências absolutas e relativas e análise dos fatores de risco, pelo teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson (p≤0,05). A ocorrência de caprinos soro-reagentes ao VAEC foi de 3,63% (10/276) com 26,7% (4/15) de focos. Após análise univariada dos dados obtidos no questionário, o pastejo com animais de outros criadores (p=0,009) foi a única variável que apresentou associação com a infecção pelo VAEC. Os resultados evidenciam baixa ocorrência do VAEC nos rebanhos de caprinos leiteiros do município Poço Verde, estado de Sergipe.(AU)

The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of antibodies against Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus and evaluate the risk factors associated with the infection in dairy goats herds of Poço Verde city, State of Sergipe, Brazil, bred in intensive and semiextensive system. Blood samples (n=276) were collected from goat raised in 15 farms, between 2014 e 2015. Antibodies were investigated by Agar Gel Immunodiffusion Test. The studied variables such sex, race and management were obtained from questionnaires given to farmers. Absolute and relative frequencies were determined and the risk factors were analyzed by Pearsons Qui-Square test (p≤0,05). The occurrences of serum reactive goat and positive herds were 3,63% (10/276) and 26,7% (4/15) respectively. After univariate analysis, the only item that is associated with the infection CAEV was grazing with animals of other farms (p=0.009). The results evidenced low occurrence of CAEV in dairy goat herd in Poço Verde city, Sergipe.(AU)

Ocorrência da infecção pelo vírus da artrite encefalite caprina em rebanhos de caprinos leiteiros do município de Poço Verde, Sergipe / Occurrence of infection by caprine arthritis encephalitis virus in dairy goat heard of Poço Verde city, Sergipe

O objetivo desse trabalho foi determinar a ocorrência de anticorpos contra o Vírus da Artrite-Encefalite Caprina (VAEC), bem como avaliar os fatores de risco associados à infecção por esse lentivírus, em rebanhos de caprinos leiteiros do município de Poço Verde, estado de Sergipe, Brasil, criados em sistema intensivo e semi-extensivo. Foram coletadas, nos meses de junho de 2014 e outubro de 2015, 276 amostras de sangue de caprinos, oriundos de quinze propriedades, para pesquisa de anticorpos anti-VAEC, pela técnica de microimunodifusão em gel de ágar. As variáveis estudadas, tais como sexo, raça e manejo foram obtidas a partir de questionários, aplicados aos proprietários dos animais e analisadas, determinando-se frequências absolutas e relativas e análise dos fatores de risco, pelo teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson (p≤0,05). A ocorrência de caprinos soro-reagentes ao VAEC foi de 3,63% (10/276) com 26,7% (4/15) de focos. Após análise univariada dos dados obtidos no questionário, o pastejo com animais de outros criadores (p=0,009) foi a única variável que apresentou associação com a infecção pelo VAEC. Os resultados evidenciam baixa ocorrência do VAEC nos rebanhos de caprinos leiteiros do município Poço Verde, estado de Sergipe.

The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of antibodies against Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus and evaluate the risk factors associated with the infection in dairy goats herds of Poço Verde city, State of Sergipe, Brazil, bred in intensive and semiextensive system. Blood samples (n=276) were collected from goat raised in 15 farms, between 2014 e 2015. Antibodies were investigated by Agar Gel Immunodiffusion Test. The studied variables such sex, race and management were obtained from questionnaires given to farmers. Absolute and relative frequencies were determined and the risk factors were analyzed by Pearson’s Qui-Square test (p≤0,05). The occurrences of serum reactive goat and positive herds were 3,63% (10/276) and 26,7% (4/15) respectively. After univariate analysis, the only item that is associated with the infection CAEV was grazing with animals of other farms (p=0.009). The results evidenced low occurrence of CAEV in dairy goat herd in Poço Verde city, Sergipe.

Perfil sanitário dos rebanhos caprinos e ovinos no sertão de Pernambuco / Sanitary Profile of the goat and sheep breeding of the hinterland of Pernambuco

Objetivou-se descrever o perfil sanitário da caprinovinocultura do sertão de Pernambuco, sendo visitadas 150 propriedades e descritas as características das instalações, as práticas sanitárias e os achados clínicos mais frequentes. Os resultados mostraram que predominam as instalações com piso de terra batida (74,8%) e descobertas (61,7%) e reservatórios de água abertos (83%). Em apenas 3,4% das propriedades a água era tratada. O registro das ocorrências era realizado por apenas 26% dos produtores e 47,6% tratavam o umbigo dos recém-nascidos com iodo. No que diz respeito às carcaças, 31,8% dos proprietários davam destino adequado a elas. A higiene diária das instalações era realizada em apenas 14% das propriedades e a desinfecção em 16,9%. A vermifugação foi a prática mais difundida (88,2%) e apenas 6,2% dos produtores dispunham de assistência técnica contínua. Os principais achados clínicos foram sugestivos de doenças infecciosas e parasitárias. Conclui-se que a caprinovinocultura do Sertão de Pernambuco é desenvolvida em instalações modestas, o manejo sanitário é deficiente e as tecnologias disponíveis são pouco utilizadas, impossibilitando a prevenção e controle de doenças, principalmente as de origem infecciosa e parasitária.

The objective of this study was to describe the sanitary profile of the caprine-ovineculture from the Hinterland of Pernambuco State. In total 150 properties were visited and the characteristics of the installations, the sanitary practices and the most frequent clinical findings were described. The results show that the installations with beaten soil (74.8%) and uncovered soil predominated (61.7%); the water reservoirs were open (83%) and in only 3.4% of the properties the water was treated; the register of the occurrences of the flocks was carried out by only 26% of the producers, and 47.6% treated the new-born navels with iodine; only 31.8% of the producers gave adequate destination to the dead animals carcass; the daily cleaning of the installations was done in only 14% of the properties and the disinfection in 16%; the vermifugation was the most known practice (88.2%) and only 6.1% of all breeders used continuous technical assistance. The main clinical findings suggested infectious and parasitic illnesses. In conclusion, the caprine-ovineculture from the Hinterland of Pernambuco State is developed in simple installations, the sanitary management is deficient and the available technologies are scarcely used, inhibiting the prevention and control of illnesses, mainly the ones of infectious and parasitic origin.

Perfil sanitário dos rebanhos caprinos e ovinos no sertão de Pernambuco / Sanitary Profile of the goat and sheep breeding of the hinterland of Pernambuco

Objetivou-se descrever o perfil sanitário da caprinovinocultura do sertão de Pernambuco, sendo visitadas 150 propriedades e descritas as características das instalações, as práticas sanitárias e os achados clínicos mais frequentes. Os resultados mostraram que predominam as instalações com piso de terra batida (74,8%) e descobertas (61,7%) e reservatórios de água abertos (83%). Em apenas 3,4% das propriedades a água era tratada. O registro das ocorrências era realizado por apenas 26% dos produtores e 47,6% tratavam o umbigo dos recém-nascidos com iodo. No que diz respeito às carcaças, 31,8% dos proprietários davam destino adequado a elas. A higiene diária das instalações era realizada em apenas 14% das propriedades e a desinfecção em 16,9%. A vermifugação foi a prática mais difundida (88,2%) e apenas 6,2% dos produtores dispunham de assistência técnica contínua. Os principais achados clínicos foram sugestivos de doenças infecciosas e parasitárias. Conclui-se que a caprinovinocultura do Sertão de Pernambuco é desenvolvida em instalações modestas, o manejo sanitário é deficiente e as tecnologias disponíveis são pouco utilizadas, impossibilitando a prevenção e controle de doenças, principalmente as de origem infecciosa e parasitária.(AU)

The objective of this study was to describe the sanitary profile of the caprine-ovineculture from the Hinterland of Pernambuco State. In total 150 properties were visited and the characteristics of the installations, the sanitary practices and the most frequent clinical findings were described. The results show that the installations with beaten soil (74.8%) and uncovered soil predominated (61.7%); the water reservoirs were open (83%) and in only 3.4% of the properties the water was treated; the register of the occurrences of the flocks was carried out by only 26% of the producers, and 47.6% treated the new-born navels with iodine; only 31.8% of the producers gave adequate destination to the dead animals carcass; the daily cleaning of the installations was done in only 14% of the properties and the disinfection in 16%; the vermifugation was the most known practice (88.2%) and only 6.1% of all breeders used continuous technical assistance. The main clinical findings suggested infectious and parasitic illnesses. In conclusion, the caprine-ovineculture from the Hinterland of Pernambuco State is developed in simple installations, the sanitary management is deficient and the available technologies are scarcely used, inhibiting the prevention and control of illnesses, mainly the ones of infectious and parasitic origin.(AU)

Células de córnea fetal caprina naturalmente imortalizada para produção de antígenos do vírus da artrite encefalite caprina

As células que crescem em cultivo in vitro estão divididas em três classes: primárias, de linhagem finita ou cultivos secundários e de linhagem contínua, que podem ser multiplicadas indefinidamente. Estas derivam de tumores ou células transformadas artificial ou naturalmente. Neste trabalho é descrita uma linhagem de células de córnea de feto caprino (CorFC) e seu cultivo em meios suplementados com baixo teor de SFB visando à produção de antígenos do vírus da artrite-encefalite caprina para pesquisa de anticorpos pela imunodifusão em gel de Agar. A linhagem celular CorFC apresenta aparência fibroblástica e vem sendo cultivada há mais de 2 anos, por mais de 40 passagens, sem alteração perceptível na morfologia ou na taxa de multiplicação celular. Das 163 amostras de soros testados pela micro-IDGA, com antígeno (Ag) comercial (Biovetech, Brasil), 29 (17,79%) apresentaram resultado positivo; dessas, 28 também foram positivas à micro-IDGA com Ag-MEM e Ag-DMEM/12 e 29 com o Ag-RPMI 1640. Foi observada ótima concordância ajustada de kappa (k) entre os testes de micro-IDGA empregando-se o Ag comercial, Ag-MEM e Ag-DMEM/F12 (k = 0,98) e perfeita entre o antígeno comercial e Ag-RPMI 1640 (k = 1,00). Devido às suas características de crescimento as células CorFC têm se comportado como de linhagem contínua, o que só poderá ser definitivamente comprovado com a continuação das passagens. Os meios de cultivo celular estudados (MEM, DMEM/F12 e RPMI 1640) demonstraram-se adequados para nutrir as células de linhagem CorFC. [...] As células da linhagem CorFC cultivadas em MEM, DMEM/F12 e RPMI 1640 mostraram-se altamente permissíveis à replicação do vírus CAEV em meio com baixo teor de SFB, com produção de antígenos de melhor qualidade, redução de custos com insumos e simplificação no processos de purificação de proteínas, sobretudo quando o meio RPMI 1640 é usado.(AU)

Cells which grow in vitro culture is divided into three categories: primary, secondary or crop finite line and continuous line, that can be grown indefinitely. These tumors derived from transformed cells or artificially or naturally. This work describes a cell line of fetal goat cornea (CorFC) and its growth in media supplemented with low FBS aimed at producing virus antigens caprine arthritis-encephalitis for antibodies by agar gel immunodiffusion. The cell line has CorFC fibroblastic appearance and has been cultivated for more than two years, more than 40 passages without noticeable change in the morphology or the rate of cell multiplication. Of the 163 serum samples tested by micro-AGID with antigen (Ag) commercial (Biovetech, Brazil), 29 (17.79%) were positive, of these, 28 were also positive for micro-AGID-MEM with Ag and Ag -DMEM/12 Ag and 29 with RPMI-1640. We observed excellent agreement adjusted kappa (k) between the micro-AGID tests employing the commercial Ag, Ag-MEM and Ag-DMEM/F12 (k = 0.98) between the antigen and perfect commercial and Ag-RPMI 1640 (k = 1,00). Due to their growth characteristics of cells CorFC have behaved as a continuous lineage, which can only be definitively confirmed with continued passages. The studied cell culture media (MEM, DMEM/F12 and RPMI 1640) showed to be adequate to nourish the cell lineage CorFC. However, considering jointly the medium RPMI 1640 was the most recommended for cultivation, in supplementation of 2% FBS for scheduling and 0.1% to manutenção. As CorFC cell line grown in MEM, and DMEM/F12 RPMI 1640 proved to be highly permissive to CAEV replication of the virus in medium with low FBS, with production of higher quality antigens, reducing input costs and simplify the processes of purification of proteins, especially when the RPMI 1640 is used.(AU)

Células de córnea fetal caprina naturalmente imortalizada para produção de antígenos do vírus da artrite encefalite caprina

As células que crescem em cultivo in vitro estão divididas em três classes: primárias, de linhagem finita ou cultivos secundários e de linhagem contínua, que podem ser multiplicadas indefinidamente. Estas derivam de tumores ou células transformadas artificial ou naturalmente. Neste trabalho é descrita uma linhagem de células de córnea de feto caprino (CorFC) e seu cultivo em meios suplementados com baixo teor de SFB visando à produção de antígenos do vírus da artrite-encefalite caprina para pesquisa de anticorpos pela imunodifusão em gel de Agar. A linhagem celular CorFC apresenta aparência fibroblástica e vem sendo cultivada há mais de 2 anos, por mais de 40 passagens, sem alteração perceptível na morfologia ou na taxa de multiplicação celular. Das 163 amostras de soros testados pela micro-IDGA, com antígeno (Ag) comercial (Biovetech, Brasil), 29 (17,79%) apresentaram resultado positivo; dessas, 28 também foram positivas à micro-IDGA com Ag-MEM e Ag-DMEM/12 e 29 com o Ag-RPMI 1640. Foi observada ótima concordância ajustada de kappa (k) entre os testes de micro-IDGA empregando-se o Ag comercial, Ag-MEM e Ag-DMEM/F12 (k = 0,98) e perfeita entre o antígeno comercial e Ag-RPMI 1640 (k = 1,00). Devido às suas características de crescimento as células CorFC têm se comportado como de linhagem contínua, o que só poderá ser definitivamente comprovado com a continuação das passagens. Os meios de cultivo celular estudados (MEM, DMEM/F12 e RPMI 1640) demonstraram-se adequados para nutrir as células de linhagem CorFC. [...] As células da linhagem CorFC cultivadas em MEM, DMEM/F12 e RPMI 1640 mostraram-se altamente permissíveis à replicação do vírus CAEV em meio com baixo teor de SFB, com produção de antígenos de melhor qualidade, redução de custos com insumos e simplificação no processos de purificação de proteínas, sobretudo quando o meio RPMI 1640 é usado.

Cells which grow in vitro culture is divided into three categories: primary, secondary or crop finite line and continuous line, that can be grown indefinitely. These tumors derived from transformed cells or artificially or naturally. This work describes a cell line of fetal goat cornea (CorFC) and its growth in media supplemented with low FBS aimed at producing virus antigens caprine arthritis-encephalitis for antibodies by agar gel immunodiffusion. The cell line has CorFC fibroblastic appearance and has been cultivated for more than two years, more than 40 passages without noticeable change in the morphology or the rate of cell multiplication. Of the 163 serum samples tested by micro-AGID with antigen (Ag) commercial (Biovetech, Brazil), 29 (17.79%) were positive, of these, 28 were also positive for micro-AGID-MEM with Ag and Ag -DMEM/12 Ag and 29 with RPMI-1640. We observed excellent agreement adjusted kappa (k) between the micro-AGID tests employing the commercial Ag, Ag-MEM and Ag-DMEM/F12 (k = 0.98) between the antigen and perfect commercial and Ag-RPMI 1640 (k = 1,00). Due to their growth characteristics of cells CorFC have behaved as a continuous lineage, which can only be definitively confirmed with continued passages. The studied cell culture media (MEM, DMEM/F12 and RPMI 1640) showed to be adequate to nourish the cell lineage CorFC. However, considering jointly the medium RPMI 1640 was the most recommended for cultivation, in supplementation of 2% FBS for scheduling and 0.1% to manutenção. As CorFC cell line grown in MEM, and DMEM/F12 RPMI 1640 proved to be highly permissive to CAEV replication of the virus in medium with low FBS, with production of higher quality antigens, reducing input costs and simplify the processes of purification of proteins, especially when the RPMI 1640 is used.