Reconstruction of persistent oronasal communication using an anteriorly based tongue flap following failed cleft palate repair-Report of two cases.

The tongue flap is a suitable alternative to local mucoperiosteal flaps in closure of wide, persistent oronasal communications, surrounded by scarred and fibrotic tissue as a result of previously attempted palatoplasty. Herein, we report two cases with large recurrent oronasal communication closed using the anteriorly based dorsal tongue flap.

An innovative approach in the management of alveolar clefts with bone graft harvest from maxillary tuberosity and mandibular wisdom molar odontectomy sites: A case report.

Alveolar bone grafting is a complex procedure utilized in alveolar cleft repair; however, the ideal site of bone graft material remains highly debated. In this study, we describe the management of a 14-year-old girl with bilateral alveolar clefts using alternative intraoral donor sites for bone graft harvest.

Esthetic preferences of European American, Hispanic American, Japanese, and African judges for soft-tissue profiles.

INTRODUCTION: Our objectives were to determine whether observer and patient sex and race or ethnicity determine esthetic preferences for lip positions. METHODS: Four independent panels each consisting of 30 lay judges viewed pretreatment silhouette profiles of 10 European American, 10 Japanese, and 10 African American Angle Class I and Class II orthodontic patients. The panels included European Americans, Hispanic Americans, Japanese, and Africans. Profiles were traced from lateral cephalograms and manipulated so that the lip profile lay on the Ricketts' E-line or at various distances from the E-line from -8 to +4 mm in 2-mm increments. The judges selected the profile that they considered the most attractive and then classified the remaining 6 profiles as either acceptable or unacceptable. RESULTS: The mean preferred lip positions (mean +/- SD) were -2.58 +/- 1.92 mm for European American, -3.28 +/- 2.26 mm for Hispanic American, -3.45 +/- 1.92 mm for Japanese, and -2.13 +/- 1.95 mm for African judges. The African judges preferred more protrusive profiles compared with the Hispanic American (P <0.01) and Japanese (P <0.001) judges. Patient race or ethnicity and sex also contributed significantly to the judgments of profile esthetics (P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Judge race or ethnicity and patient race or ethnicity and sex significantly influence laypersons' standards for lip profile esthetics.

Effect of health education on oral hygiene and gingival status of persons living with HIV attending comprehensive care centres in Nairobi, Kenya.

The study aimed to describe the effect of an oral health education intervention on oral hygiene status and gingival inflammation among persons with HIV attending two comprehensive healthcare centres in Nairobi, Kenya. This was a quasi-experimental study of 195 participants (with 102 in the intervention group, and 93 serving as the control group) who were selected using stratified random sampling. The data were collected at baseline, at three months (review 1), and at six months (review 2) using an interviewer-administered World Health Organization clinical examination form. The prevalence of plaque among the participants in the intervention decreased from 70.6% to 18.6%, with a significant decrease in their mean plaque score, from 0.89 to 0.15. The prevalence of gingival inflammation in the intervention group decreased from 58.2% to 12.7%, with a significant decrease in the mean gingival score, from 0.66 to 0.11. No significant change in degree of oral hygiene and gingival inflammation was observed among the non-intervention group. There was a strong association between the change in the mean gingival score and the change in the mean plaque score between baseline and at six months for the intervention group. The regression analysis yielded a coefficient of determination (r2) of 0.76; therefore, 76% of the variation in change in gingival score was explained by the variables in the equation. Only the change in mean plaque score was a significant predictor of the change in gingival score.