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1.
Malar J ; 18(1): 53, 2019 Feb 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30808360

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Malaria is one of the most severe public health issues that result in massive morbidity and mortality in most countries of the sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This study aimed to determine the scope of household, accessibility to malaria care and factors associated with household malaria in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). METHODS: This was a community-based cross-sectional study conducted in an urban and a rural sites in which 152 households participated, including 82 urban and 70 rural households (1029 members in total). The 'malaria indicator questionnaire' (MIQ) was anonymously answered by household heads (respondents), reporting on malaria status of household members in the last 12 months. RESULTS: There were 67.8% of households using insecticide-treated bed nets (ITN) only, 14.0% used indoor residual spraying (IRS) only, 7.3% used ordinary bed nets (without insecticide treatment), 1.4% used mosquito repelling cream, 2.2% combined ITN and IRS, whereas 7.3% of households did not employ any preventive measure; p < 0.01). In addition, 96.7% of households were affected by malaria (at least one malaria case), and malaria frequency per household was relatively high (mean: 4.5 ± 3.1 cases reported) in the last 12 months. The mean individual malaria care expenditure was relatively high (101.6 ± 10.6 USD) in the previous 12 months; however, the majority of households (74.5%) earned less than 50 USD monthly. In addition, of the responders who suffered from malaria, 24.1% did not have access to malaria care at a health setting. Furthermore, a multivariate analysis with adjustment for age, education level and occupation showed that household size (OR = 1.43 ± 0.13; 95% CI 1.18-1.73; p < 0.001), inappropriate water source (OR = 2.41 ± 0.18; 95% CI 1.17-2.96; p < 0.05) absence of periodic water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) intervention in residential area (OR = 1.63 ± 1.15; 95% CI 1.10-2.54; p < 0.05), and rural residence (OR = 4.52 ± 2.47; 95% CI 1.54-13.21; p < 0.01) were associated with household malaria. CONCLUSION: This study showed that household size, income, WASH status and rural site were malaria-associated factors. Scaling up malaria prevention through improving WASH status in the residential environment may contribute to reducing the disease burden.


Assuntos
Características da Família , Saúde da Família , Malária/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , República Democrática do Congo/epidemiologia , Demografia , Feminino , Geografia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Controle de Mosquitos/métodos , Fatores de Risco , População Rural , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Inquéritos e Questionários , População Urbana , Adulto Jovem
2.
J Epidemiol ; 27(10): 455-461, 2017 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28416172

RESUMO

Ebolavirus disease (EVD) is a severe contagious disease in humans, and health care workers (HCW) are at risk of infection when caring for EVD patients. This paper highlights the epidemiologic profile of EVD and its impact on the health care workforce in Africa. A documentary study was conducted which consisted of a review of available literature regarding the epidemiology of EVD, occupational EVD (OEVD), and work safety issues in Sub-Saharan Africa; the literature findings are enriched by field experiences from the authors. EVD outbreaks have already caused 30,500 cases in humans of whom 12,933 died (as of September 9, 2015), and the number of infected HCW has dramatically increased. All eight HCW infected during the 2014 outbreak in Democratic Republic of the Congo died, whereas during the recent West African EVD epidemic more than 890 HCW were infected, with a case fatality rate of 57%. Occupational exposure to blood and other body fluids due to inadequate use of personal protective equipment and needle stick or sharp injuries are among factors that contribute to the occurrence of OEVD. Prevention of OEVD should be one of the top priorities in EVD outbreak preparedness and management, and research should be conducted to elucidate occupational and other factors that expose HCW to EVD. In addition to regularly training HCW to be adequately prepared to care for patients with EVD, it is critical to strengthen the general health care system and improve occupational safety in medical settings of countries at risk.


Assuntos
Surtos de Doenças/prevenção & controle , Pessoal de Saúde , Doença pelo Vírus Ebola/epidemiologia , Doenças Profissionais/epidemiologia , África Subsaariana/epidemiologia , Atenção à Saúde/organização & administração , Doença pelo Vírus Ebola/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Doenças Profissionais/prevenção & controle , Saúde Pública
3.
Mar Drugs ; 15(2)2017 Feb 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28208744

RESUMO

The replenishment of adiponectin-an adipocyte-derived hormone with salutary health effects-has recently been proposed as a new approach to treat hypertension, also ameliorate cardiovascular and metabolic risks. We conducted a prospective placebo-controlled, non-randomized and investigator-blinded dietary intervention study to evaluate the health effects of dietary intake of Sujiaonori (Ulva/Enteromorpha prolifera Müller) algal biomaterial (SBM), especially on adiponectin production, blood pressure (BP), and body mass index (BMI) in human subjects. Participants (N = 32) were divided into two equally sized groups (n = 16 for each group): SBM group (subjects supplemented with 3 g SBM powder twice a day during meal) and the control group (subjects who took 3 g of a supplement made of 70% corn starch powder and 30% spinach twice a day) for four weeks. Two health survey questionnaires (dietary and current health questionnaires) were completed anonymously, saliva sampling was done for adiponectin measurement by ELISA, and blood pressure (BP) and anthropometric parameters were measured at baseline and four weeks later. Student paired t-test was performed to compare baseline and post-intervention data on outcome variables between the two study groups. Results showed a 2.24-fold increase in adiponectin level in SBM group (2.81 and 6.26 ng/mL at baseline and at the end of study, respectively) (p < 0.01); whereas no significant change was observed in controls (3.58 and 3.51 ng/mL, respectively) (p > 0.05). In SBM subjects, an improvement of BP profile was noted with a significant decrease in systolic BP (p < 0.01). A positive correlation was found between SBM supplementation and adiponectin level, whereas an inverse correlation was noted between SBM supplementation and blood pressure, and also BMI. These findings suggest that SBM-increased adiponectin level and improved BP in a sample of Japanese young adults, and has the potential to improve blood pressure in humans.


Assuntos
Adiponectina/administração & dosagem , Materiais Biocompatíveis/administração & dosagem , Clorófitas/metabolismo , Adulto , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Índice de Massa Corporal , Dieta , Suplementos Nutricionais , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Adulto Jovem
4.
Florence Nightingale J Nurs ; 31(1): 56-61, 2023 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36751718

RESUMO

AIM: The purpose of this study is to shed light on the sense of self that occurs among those who have been diagnosed with the early stages of dementia, where the individual attempts to maintain continuity within their world. METHOD: The research was conducted using qualitative induction research methods and data were collected using semi-structured interview methods. The data were reported according to COnsolidated criteria for REporting Qualitative research (COREQ). RESULTS: The diagnosis was Alzheimer's disease for all participants. Of the 15 participants, 6 were male and 9 female. The average age was 69.9 years. For those with the early stages of dementia, a sense of self that attempts to maintain continuity for the world in which they live is made up of the following: "living in the present while connecting to the past," "relying on those that help to connect and fill in the gaps between the past, present, and very near future," and "living daily life in one's own world where past and present are connected." CONCLUSION: By understanding the sense of self that those who are diagnosed with the early stages of dementia experience while trying to maintain continuity within their world, one is able to get closer to their world and it is hoped that this may provide hints as to how to offer support in the future.

5.
J Funct Biomater ; 8(3)2017 Aug 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28850069

RESUMO

Sujiaonori, a river alga growing in the Kochi prefecture, Japan, contains several bioactive compounds such as sulfated polysaccharides (ulvans), ω-3 fatty acids, and vitamins. Dietary intake of this alga-based supplement has been reported to increase circulatory adiponectin, a salutary hormone that is reported to be associated with healthy longevity and prevents a number of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. This report highlights the anti-allergic and skin health enhancing effects of Sujiaonori-derived ulvan (Tosalvan) and supplement, respectively. RBL-2H3 cell line was used to investigate the anti-allergic effect of algal SP through the evaluation of ß-hexosaminidase activity. Algal sulfated polysaccharides or SP (Tosalvan, Yoshino SP) were extracted from powders of dried alga samples provided by local food manufacturers. Report on the effect of daily dietary intake of Sujiaonori-based supplement on skin health is part of a four-week clinical investigation that, in comparison with a supplement made of 70% corn starch powder and 30% spinach powder mixture (twice 3 g daily), explore the beneficial effects of Sujiaonori algal biomaterial (SBM; 3 g taken twice daily) on cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and skin health in a sample of Japanese women. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was the skin health marker used in this study and was measured with the use of a corneometer. Significant reduction of ß-hexosaminidase activity was observed in Tosalvan and Yoshino SP-treated cells (vs. control; p < 0.05), whereas dietary intake of SBM markedly reduced TEWL level after four weeks of supplementation, as compared to baseline TEWL (p < 0.001). Additionally, SBM improved TEWL better than the control product (p < 0.001). Findings contained in this report suggest that Sujiaonori-derived Tosalvan and Yoshino SP have anti-allergic potential and that the dietary intake of SBM has a beneficial effect on skin health.

6.
Int J Biol Macromol ; 105(Pt 2): 1532-1538, 2017 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28522399

RESUMO

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a skin disorder characterized by filaggrin (FLG) defect. We evaluated sacran's effects on dust-mite extracts (DME)-induced AD-like disease and also its effect on profilaggrin (proFLG) in a murine model of 2,4-dinitroflurobenze (DNFB)-induced contact hypersensitivity. In the murine AD-like disease model, allergic NC/Nga mice (N=60) were randomly divided into five treatment groups of 12 animals each: 0.2% and 1%sacran; 0.1% Tacrolimus; Vaseline and buffer-treated controls. Blood samples were drawn and serum levels of representative Th-1, Th-2 and also Th-17 (IL-17A) cytokines were assayed by Cytometric Bead Array (CBA). In the contact hypersensitivity model, diseased NC/Nga mice (N=20) were divided into four groups of five mice each [0.05%sacran, 0.05% chondroitin sulfate (CS), 0.5% prednisolone (PD), non-treated control group] and were treated for 14days. Skin biopsies were performed for the measurement of proFLG-mRNA by real-time PCR. Sacran solutions and 0.1%Tacrolimus reduced disease severity, suppressed histological changes and decreased the serum Th-1 (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2) and Th-2 (IL-4, IL-6, IL-10) cytokines in allergic mice (vs. controls). Additionally, a marked increase of proFLG-mRNA expression was observed in 0.05%sacran group (vs. control 0.05% CS and 0.5% PD groups). Thus, Sacran might be useful as a natural skin barrier enhancer and anti-allergic agent.


Assuntos
Antialérgicos/farmacologia , Proteínas de Filamentos Intermediários/genética , Polissacarídeos/farmacologia , Regulação para Cima/efeitos dos fármacos , Administração Tópica , Animais , Antialérgicos/administração & dosagem , Antialérgicos/uso terapêutico , Citocinas/sangue , Dermatite Atópica/sangue , Dermatite Atópica/tratamento farmacológico , Dermatite Atópica/genética , Dermatite Atópica/imunologia , Feminino , Proteínas Filagrinas , Camundongos , Polissacarídeos/administração & dosagem , Polissacarídeos/uso terapêutico , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Pele/patologia , Linfócitos T Auxiliares-Indutores/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos T Auxiliares-Indutores/metabolismo
7.
Oncol Rep ; 10(1): 207-11, 2003.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12469170

RESUMO

Prostate cancer is one of the most common age-related malignancies. The occurrence frequency of prostate cancer is very different according to prostate zones. The prostate stroma is an important element in growth and differentiation of the normal prostate and also has a close relationship to the occurrence of benign prostatic hypertrophy and cancer. We examined 14 cases of normal prostate tissues obtained at autopsy and 11 cases of prostate cancer tissues at radical prostatectomy specimens with cancers for clarifying the characteristics of stromal components in the normal prostate and the correlation between the stroma and the occurrence of prostate cancers. Stromal cells, such as smooth muscle cells, myofibroblasts and fibroblasts were identified by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Connective tissue fibers were detected by Elastica van Gieson and also IHC stain. Quantitative analysis of the smooth muscle tissue and connective tissue fibers were performed using a computer image analyzer system. In the normal prostate, stromal components varied in each zone. Every zone of the prostate contained smooth muscle cells, myofibroblasts, fibroblasts and collagen fibers. Elastic fibers were clearly visible in the transition zone. Smooth muscle cells were the main stromal component but less numerous in the frequent occurrence zone (peripheral zone) of prostate cancer (p<0.05). Myofibroblasts and fibroblasts were found either in normal or cancer tissues, although a few in number. The increase of collagen fibers accompanied decrease of smooth muscle cells as prostate cancer grade increased (p<0.05). The characteristics of stromal components and their amounts in the normal prostate appear to correlate with a distinct predilection for cancer occurrence in the peripheral zone and a weak stromal reaction in prostate cancers.


Assuntos
Hiperplasia Prostática/patologia , Neoplasia Prostática Intraepitelial/patologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Células Estromais/patologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Diferenciação Celular , Fibroblastos/patologia , Humanos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mioblastos/patologia , Miócitos de Músculo Liso/patologia , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Fenótipo , Próstata/citologia , Próstata/metabolismo , Prostatectomia , Doenças Prostáticas/patologia
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