Maxillary molar distalization with the dual-force distalizer supported by mini-implants: a clinical study.

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this prospective study was to describe the clinical effects of a bone-supported molar distalizing appliance, the dual-force distalizer. METHODS: The study group included 16 patients (mean age, 14.3 years) with Class II molar relationships. Study models and lateral cephalograms were taken before and after the distalizing movement to record significant dental and skeletal changes (Wilcoxon test). RESULTS: The average distalization time was 5 months, with a movement rate of 1.2 mm per month; the distalization amounts were 5.9 +/- 1.72 mm at the crown level and 4.4 +/- 1.41 mm at the furcation level. The average molar inclination was 5.6 degrees +/- 3.7 degrees ; this was less than the amount of inclination generated by bone-supported appliances that use single distalizing forces. The correlation between inclination and distalization was not significant, indicating predominantly bodily movement. The teeth anterior to the first molar moved distally also; the second premolars distalized an average of 4.26 mm, and the incisors retruded by 0.53 mm. CONCLUSIONS: The dual-force distalizer is a valid alternative distalizing appliance that generates controlled molar distalization with a good rate of movement and no loss of anchorage.

Long-term outcomes of Class III treatment with mandibular cervical headgear followed by fixed appliances.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the stability of the outcomes of mandibular cervical headgear (MCH) and fixed appliance-treated Class III patients at a long-term posttreatment (5 years) observation, compared with well-matched untreated Class III controls, following a previous report on the short-term outcomes of this protocol. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The treated group consisted of 20 patients with dentoskeletal Class III malocclusions treated with a two-phase protocol consisting of MCH and fixed appliances, while the control group comprised 18 untreated subjects with similar dentoskeletal Class III malocclusion. Lateral cephalograms of both patients and controls were analyzed at two time points: posttreatment (PT), after two-phase treatment; and long term (LT). All patients were at a postpubertal stage of skeletal maturity at PT, and they showed CS6 at LT, thus revealing completion of pubertal craniofacial growth. RESULTS: In the long term, the treatment group showed significantly smaller values for mandibular length (Co-Gn), SNB angle, maxillomandibular differential, and molar relation. When compared with the controls, the treated patients exhibited also greater values for ANB angle, Wits appraisal, and overjet at LT. No significant difference between the two groups was found for the changes occurring from PT to LT. CONCLUSIONS: Favorable dentoskeletal outcomes induced by MCH and fixed appliances remained stable in the long term; untreated Class III malocclusion did not show any tendency toward self-improvement during the postpubertal interval.

Evaluation of temporomandibular disorders in Class III patients treated with mandibular cervical headgear and fixed appliances.

INTRODUCTION: Our aim in this study was to evaluate the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in Class III patients treated with mandibular cervical headgear (MCH) and fixed appliances. METHODS: The sample of 75 patients included 25 patients with no previous orthodontic treatment, 25 Class I patients who had undergone orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances and without extractions, and 25 patients with dentoskeletal Class III disharmonies treated with MCH and fixed appliances. The Helkimo index was used to test the prevalence of TMD symptoms in the 3 groups. The prevalence rates of the Helkimo index in the 3 groups were compared with the z score on proportions. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences in the prevalence rates of the Helkimo index scores in the 3 groups were found (P = .367). Most subjects in the 3 groups had an Helkimo index of zero (66.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Subjects with Class III malocclusions treated with MCH and fixed appliances do not have greater prevalence of TMD symptoms than do Class I subjects treated with fixed appliances or untreated subjects.

Treatment and posttreatment effects of mandibular cervical headgear followed by fixed appliances in Class III malocclusion.

INTRODUCTION: In this cephalometric investigation, we compared the treatment and posttreatment effects on patients undergoing an initial phase of mandibular cervical headgear (MCH) therapy followed later by comprehensive edgewise therapy with untreated Class III controls. METHODS: The treated sample consisted of 21 patients treated consecutively with MCH before the pubertal growth spurt (average age, 10 years 2 months at the beginning of treatment). At the final observation period (average age, 15 years 3 months), all patients were in decelerative growth phases as determined by the cervical vertebral maturation method. Active treatment and posttreatment effects were evaluated in the treated group with nonparametric statistical analysis for paired samples. The treated sample was compared with a nonparametric statistical test for independent samples with 20 untreated Class III subjects who were matched for malocclusion, sex, and stage of cervical vertebral maturation to the treatment group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: MCH therapy followed by fixed appliances was shown to be an effective treatment for the correction of skeletal Class III malocclusion at postpubertal observation. The favorable skeletal effects consisted mainly of smaller increases in mandibular length and advancement with respect to the controls, with the final outcome of significant improvements in the sagittal skeletal (+4 mm for the Wits appraisal) and dental (+2.7 mm for overjet, -4.4 mm for molar relationship) parameters. This treatment protocol also induced significant downward rotation of the mandible (2.8 degrees ).

Distalization of maxillary molars with the bone-supported pendulum: a clinical study.

A modified pendulum appliance with 2 endosseus screws for anchorage in the palatal area was used for maxillary molar distalization in each of 15 patients (average age, 13 +/- 2.1 years). Study models and lateral and panoramic x-rays were taken at the beginning and end of the movement to record the dental and skeletal changes. The mean treatment time was 7.8 +/- 1.7 months, the average distal movement of the maxillary molars was 6 mm, and the inclination was 11.3 degrees +/- 6.2 degrees. The second premolars were distalized an average of 4.85 +/- 1.96 mm with inclinations of 8.6 degrees +/- 5 degrees. The maxillary anterior teeth were retruded 0.5 +/- 1.33 mm and palatally inclined 2.5 degrees +/- 2.98 degrees. The mandibular plane rotated posteriorly 1.27 degrees +/- 1.1 degrees. No loss of dental anchorage was observed during the distal movement.

Mandibular cervical headgear vs rapid maxillary expander and facemask for orthopedic treatment of Class III malocclusion.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of the rapid maxillary expander and facemask (RME/ FM) and mandibular cervical headgear (MCH) protocols when followed by fixed appliances and evaluated at a postpubertal observation in patients with dentoskeletal Class III malocclusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample treated with the RME/FM followed by fixed appliances included 32 patients (12 boys and 20 girls). The sample treated with the MCH followed by fixed appliances included 26 patients (eight boys and 18 girls). Cephalometric analysis was performed at T(1) (before treatment) and T(2) (after the first phase of orthopedic therapy and the second phase of fixed appliances). T(1)-T(2) changes were evaluated by means of t-tests. RESULTS: Midfacial length, mandibular length, and the sagittal position of the chin all showed significantly smaller increases in the MCH group than in the RME/FM group. The amount of increase in the overjet was also significantly smaller in the MCH group, whereas the amount of molar correction was greater. The upper incisors were significantly less proclined and the lower incisors were significantly less retroclined in the MCH group when compared with the RME/FM group. CONCLUSIONS: RME/FM therapy appears to be indicated in Class III patients with a component of maxillary retrusion, whereas MCH therapy is preferable in patients with mandibular prognathism.

Camouflage of moderate Class III malocclusions with extraction of lower second molars and mandibular cervical headgear.

UNLABELLED: Orthodontic camouflage in patients with slight or moderate skeletal Class III malocclusions, can be obtained through different treatment alternatives. The purpose of this paper is to present a treatment that has not been described in the literature and which consists of the extraction of lower second molars and distal movement of the posterior segments by means of mandibular cervical headgear (MCH) and fixed appliances as a camouflage alternative. The force applied by the MCH was 250 gr per side (14hr/day). The total treatment time was 1 1/2 years. CONCLUSION: the extraction of lower second molars along with the use of mandibular cervical headgear is a good treatment alternative for camouflage in moderate Class III patients in order to obtain good occlusal relationships without affecting facial esthetics or producing marked dental compensations.

Mandibular cervical headgear in orthopedic and orthodontic treatment of Class III cases.

AIM: To show craniofacial and dental changes to the mandibular dentition with the use of cervical headgear as well as the mechanics used in the early management of Class III malocclusions. METHODS: Clinical photos and cephalometric radiographs of 5 patients with different types of Class III malocclusion treated with mandibular cervical headgear are shown in this article. RESULTS: The use of the mandibular cervical headgear showed to be clinically effective in the treatment of different types of Class III malocclusions. The main effects of the appliance were posterior and anterior rotation of the mandible and distalization of the mandibular molars. CONCLUSION: The mandibular cervical headgear is a good alternative for the treatment of these cases and is well-accepted and tolerated by the patients.

Pulp-dentine complex changes and root resorption during intrusive orthodontic tooth movement in patients prescribed nabumetone.

Pulpitis, external root resorption, and pain may be experienced during orthodontic movement. The use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been suggested to control these changes. The purpose of this study was to observe pulp-dentinal reactions, root resorption, tooth pain, and tooth movement after the application of a 4-ounce intrusive orthodontic force to human maxillary first premolars in patients given the NSAID nabumetone. Thirty-four maxillary first premolars were evaluated. A placebo was prescribed to 17 patients after an intrusive force was activated and reactivated for an 8-week period on the right side. The same procedure was repeated on the left side after patients were given nabumetone. Pulp-dentinal reactions and external root resorption were evaluated by histology. Pain and movement were also evaluated. Nabumetone was found to be useful in reducing pulpitis, external root resorption, and pain caused by intrusive orthodontic movement, without altering tooth movement in response to the application of orthodontic force.

Extraccion del primer molar permanente como una alternativa en el tratamiento de ortodoncia / Extractions of first permanent molars as a choice of the orthodontic treatment

La extracción de primeros molares permanentes es una alternativa de tratamiento en algunos casosde ortodoncia como aquellos que presentan apiñamiento moderado, biprotrusión, mordidas abiertas,clase II y III en casos en los cuales es necesario realizar exodoncias y en donde los primeros molaresestán en mal estado por caries extensas u otras alteraciones en su formación, lo que los hace maselegibles para ser extraidos evitando restauraciones extensas futuras o la necesidad de colocar implantespara remplazarlos . Este articulo describe tres casos con diferentes tipos de maloclusiones en los cualeslos primeros molares superiores y/o inferiores fueron elegidos para ser extraídos y así poder obtenerresultados clínicos óptimos tanto faciales como oclusales.

Extraction of First permanent molars is a treatment alternative in patients with moderate crowding, bimaxillaryprotrusion, open bites, class III, Class II, in cases of extensive caries or other developmental problems or to prevent the placement of implants to replace them. This article describes three different clinical cases in which first, upper and lower permanent molars were chosen to be extracted in order toobtain clinical, facial and oclusal good results.

Distalización de molares maxilares con aparatos intraorales de nueva generación que no necesitan colaboración del paciente / Maxillary molar distalization with new generation intraoral appliances that does not require patient cooperation

Las alternativas de tratamiento de las maloclusiones de clase II esqueléticas y dentales incluyen las extracciones de dientes permanentes y la distalización de los molares maxilares con aparatos extraorales e intraorales. Estos últimos, no necesitan la cooperación del paciente, además, en ellos se han hecho variaciones importantes en su mecánica y diseño a lo largo de los años. Con el uso de los minitornillos se ha podido eliminar, en gran parte, los efectos de reacción como la vestibularización de los incisivos y la mesialización de los premolares. Este artículo sintetiza una revisión de la literatura de los últimos 20 años de los diferentes diseños y sistemas mecánicos que se han usado con éxito en la distalización de los molares maxilares.

The alternatives of treatment of class II skeletal and dental maloclussions included the extractions of permanent teeth and the maxillary molars distalization by extraoral devices and intraoral devices. The above mentioned, does not need cooperation of the patient. In addition, important variations have been mechanics and design throughout the years. With the miniscrews one could have eliminated, largely, the effects of reaction as the vestibularization of the incisor teeth and the mesialization of the bicuspid. This article is a synthesis of a review of the literature of last 20 years of the different designs and mechanical systems that have been used successfully in the distalization of the maxillary molars.

Alternativa de tratamiento para la distalización de molares superiores con una barra traspalatina anclada a un mini-implante / An alternative for the upper molar distalization with a transpalatalbar anchored to mini-implant

La distalización es un tratamiento común en la corrección de las maloclusiones clase II, para lo cualse han diseñado dispositivos dento-soportados como el péndulo, pero con efectos colaterales como la mesialización de premolares y vestibularización de incisivos superiores, actualmente se utilizandiferentes sistemas oseo-soportados eliminando estas reacciones.

Distalization is a common treatment for the correction of class II malocclusion; several tooth supportedappliances such as the pendulum have been designed and used with side effects like mesializationof premolars and labialization of upper incisors; currently different bone supported systems arebeing used in order to eliminate this reaction.

Distalizador oseo-soportado sin minitornillos: c-dfd distalizer / Bone supported distalizer without miniscrews: C-DFD distalizer

La distalización es un tratamiento común en la corrección de las maloclusiones dentales clase II para lo cual se han diseñado aditamentos intraorales, como lo son el péndulo, el Dual Force Distalizer, entre otros. Estos aparatos han sido combinados con mini implantes temporales (TADs) para obtener máximo anclaje y así disminuir los efectos en la mesialización de premolares y vestibularización de incisivos superiores. Una modificación del dual forcé distalizer (DFD), Cortical – Dual Force Distalizer (C-DFD) es descrito en el presente artículo que consiste en la adición de barras puntiagudas en la parte anterior del aparato para evitar la necesidad de TADs como anclaje y eliminar el botón acrílico permiten una mejor higiene oral de la zona. La paciente tratada es una niña de 11 años, en estadio 3 de maduración cervical, con una maloclusión dental Clase ll , apiñamiento severo en el arco superior, canino superior derecho impactado, mordida profunda y un perfil no-favorable para el tratamiento con extracciones de premolares. El paciente recibió un distalizador óseo-soportado (C-DFD), hasta lograr una relación clase I y una resolución del apiñamiento. La aparatología fija fue utilizada para continuar con el tratamiento ortodóntico y el C-DFD se mantuvo pasivo como un aparato de anclaje durante la retracción de canino y premolar. Radiografías Cefálicas laterales y panorámicas fueron tomadas al principio y al final del movimiento para ver los cambios dentales y esqueléticos. La distalización fue lograda en 4.5 meses aproximadamente. Con un promedio de 4 mm por lado, con una resolución espontanea del apiñamiento anterior. No se observó ninguna pérdida de anclaje dental durante el movimiento distal, sugiriendo que esta modificación proporciona un anclaje absoluto.

Distalization is a common treatment in the correction of class II dental malocclusions for which several intraoral non-compliances appliances have been designed, such as the pendulum, Dual Force Distalizer, among others. This appliance has been combined with Mini-screws (TADs) to obtain maximum anchorage to decrease the side effects such as mesialization of premolars and labialization of upper incisors. A modification of the dual force distalizer (DFD), the cortical-DFD (C-DFD distalizer) is described in the present article that consisted in the inclusion of spikes in the anterior part of the appliance to avoid the need of TADs as anchorage and the acrylic button was eliminate for a better hygienic. The treated patient was a girl 11 years old, in stage 3 of the cervical vertebral maturation method, with a class ll dental malocclusion, severe crowding in the upper arch, upper right canine was impacted, deep bite and a non-favorable profile for premolar extraction treatment. The patient received a bone supported distalizer (C-DFD distalizer) until a super class l molar relationship was obtained and the crowding resolved. Fixed appliances was used to continue with the orthodontic treatment and the C-DFD was maintained passive as an anchorage device during the premolar and canine retraction. Lateral head plates and panoramic x-rays were taken at the beginning and at the end of the movement in order to see the dental and skeletal changes. It was found that the time of the distalization treatment was 4.5 months aprox. with an average distalization of 4 mm per side, with an spontaneously resolution of the anterior crowding. No loss of dental anchorage was observed during the distal movement, which shows that this modification provided absolute anchorage.

Fricción durante la retracción de caninos en ortodoncia: revisión de literatura / Friction during canine retraction in orthodontics: literature review

La ortodoncia no es ajena a la rápida implementación clínica de nuevas alternativas debiomateriales, aunque este hecho demuestra un vibrante trabajo por mejorar las condiciones delos pacientes, en algunas ocasiones solo es explicable por decisiones de mercado impuestas porlas multinacionales. Los cambios más notables incluyen nuevos sistemas de adhesión de brackets,polímeros para ligado y nuevas combinaciones de materiales en el sistema bracket/alambre quebuscan una menor fricción. El propósito de esta revisión es presentar el comportamiento friccionalde diferentes aleaciones de brackets y alambres con o sin recubrimiento usados en ortodonciay su influencia durante la retracción de caninos al usar la técnica friccional. Como conclusióngeneral se encontró que el arco de alambre a escoger en la técnica friccional para la retraccióndebe ser el que produzca la menor fricción y mayor control del diente durante el movimiento,siendo la opción indicada los arcos cuadrados o rectangulares que no llenen totalmente la ranuradel bracket...

The purpose of this literature review was to present the frictional behavior of different alloys frombrackets and wives with and without covering and their effect on canine retraction when usingthe frictional technique. In conclusion it is suggested that arch mires selected for retraction withthe frictional technique should produce the smallest friction and have the longest control of toothmovement such as a square and rectangular arches which do not fill the bracket slot completely.

Utilización del péndulo doble ansa soportado por tornillos endoóseos (reporte de caso) / Utilization of a double loop pendulum supported by endo-osseous screws

La distalización es un tratamiento común en la corrección de las maloclusiones clase II, para lo cual se han diseñado dispositivos dento-soportados como el péndulo, pero con efectos colaterales como la mesialización de premolares y vestimularización de incisivos superiores. Al paciente se le instaló el péndulo doble ansa fijado por dos tornillos esdoóseos en la zona palatina. Se encontró que el tiempo de tratamiento con el péndulo fue de 7 meses, encontrándose una distalización exitosa del primer molar superior, evitando efectos colaterales como pérdida de anclaje en la zona anterior. No se encontró relación significativa entre la posición del segundo molar y la distalización del primer molar. No se encontró ninguna pérdida de anclaje dental durante el movimiento de distalización, lo que muestra que esta modificación proporcionó un anclaje absoluto…

Estudio cefalométrico de pacientes con maloclusión clase III tratados con tracción cervical inferior: Estudios e intervención retrospectivo / Retrospective cephalometric study of patients with class III malocclusions treated with mandibular headgear

El propósito del estudio fue evaluar cefalométricamente los cambios esqueléticos y dentales producidos en pacientes tratados tempranamente con tracción cervical mandibular seguidos de ortodoncia...