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1.
Qual Life Res ; 33(1): 157-168, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37672154

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Tuberculosis (TB) has far-reaching effects on the social, mental, and emotional well-being of patients and consequently, their health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Few studies in Nigeria have examined changes in quality of life over the course of treatment. changes in (PTB) and factors associated with HRQOL. METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted with patients recruited from health facilities in Lagos State. The World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument, Short-Form (WHOQOL-BREF) was used to assess HRQOL. A semi-structured questionnaire was also administered to elicit information on socio-demographic characteristics and the medical and social history of the respondents. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. A repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) test with polynomial contrasts was used to assess how domain scores varied over time. Multivariable analysis was conducted using generalized estimating equations (GEE) to assess change in HRQOL and its predictors. RESULTS: Two hundred and ten patients, predominantly male [108 (63.3%)] were recruited. The mean age was 36.7 ± 12.3 years. The HRQOL was impaired in all four domains at baseline. However, HRQOL scores increased over the treatment period with the largest improvement being in the 'environment' domain, where mean scores increased from 45.27 ± 14.59 to 61.28 ± 15.86. The proportion of respondents that expressed satisfaction with their health increased from 13.5% at baseline to 55.7% at the end of treatment. Low socio-economic status, delay in presentation, and an HIV-positive status were found to be significantly associated with reduced HRQOL at baseline (p < 0.05). In the multivariable longitudinal analysis, patients who were employed had higher HRQOL scores while persistent symptoms and a delay in presentation (≥ 4 weeks) were negatively associated with change in HRQOL scores over the course of treatment. CONCLUSION: The HRQOL of respondents progressively improved over the six-month treatment period. However, change in HRQOL was influenced by a delay in presentation and persistence of symptoms. The study also highlights the need for increased recognition of patient-reported outcomes as an adjunct outcome measure.


Assuntos
Qualidade de Vida , Tuberculose Pulmonar , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Jovem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Feminino , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Nigéria , Inquéritos e Questionários , Tuberculose Pulmonar/psicologia
2.
Afr J Reprod Health ; 27(5s): 82-86, 2023 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37584923

RESUMO

This short report describes the historical evolution of a pioneer Model PHC programme located in Ogun State, southwest Nigeria, as a direct result of the vision and effort of Professor Olikoye Ransome-Kuti, and his drive to entrench the delivery of primary health care (PHC) in Nigeria. It describes some of the programmes inspired by the PHC philosophy at the Model PHC Centre, some of the challenges faced over the years, and the need to reposition the programme. It exemplifies key principles in PHC and its philosophy that are instructive for health practitioners, policymakers and development practitioners, especially those with interest in resource-poor countries.


Assuntos
Atenção Primária à Saúde , Humanos , Nigéria
3.
Niger Postgrad Med J ; 29(3): 192-197, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35900454

RESUMO

The coronavirus disease-19 pandemic has spread to all parts of the world. As of 20 May 2022, over 500 million confirmed cases have occurred with over 6 million deaths. In Nigeria, over 255,000 cases have occurred with more than 3000 deaths. The pandemic has adversely affected virtually all aspects of human endeavour, with a severe impact on the health system. The Nigerian health system was ill prepared for the pandemic, and this further weakened it. The impacts of the pandemic on the health system include disruption of health services, low motivation of the health workforce, unresponsive leadership and poor funding. The national response, though initially weak, was ramped up to expand capacity building, testing, public enlightenment, creation of isolation and treatment centres and research. The funding for the national response was from the government, private sector and multilateral donors. Nigeria must comprehensively strengthen its health system through motivating and building the capacity of its human resources for health, improved service delivery and provision of adequate funding, to be better prepared against future pandemics.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Humanos , Nigéria/epidemiologia , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , SARS-CoV-2 , Medidas de Segurança
4.
Niger Postgrad Med J ; 29(2): 75-81, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35488573

RESUMO

Background: Hepatitis is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries. It is often caused by hepatitis B and C, which are both preventable and treatable. Available information on Hepatitis B and C in Nigeria is based primarily on estimates obtained from specific population sub-groups or hospital-based surveys leaving gaps in population-level knowledge, attitudes, and prevalence. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and associated factors of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections amongst residents of Lagos State. Methodology: This was a community-based descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in all the 20 local government areas of Lagos state using a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected using pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaires. Blood samples were taken (pinprick) from respondents (n = 4862) and tested using hepatitis B and C surface antigen tests after obtaining informed consent. Results: The overall prevalence of HBV infection in Lagos State was 2.1% while the prevalence of HCV infection was 0.1%. Only about half of all the respondents (50.9%) had heard about hepatitis B before the survey. Knowledge of the specific symptoms of HBV was also very low. For instance, only 28.1% of the respondents knew that yellowness of the eyes is associated with hepatitis while < 1% (0.1%) knew that HBV infection is associated with the passage of yellow urine. The most common source of information about hepatitis was the radio (13.0%). Only 36.2% of the respondents knew that HBV infection could be prevented. Overall, 28.8% of the respondents were aware of the hepatitis B vaccine. Less than half (40.9%) felt it was necessary to get vaccinated against HBV, however, a similar proportion (41.9%) would want to be vaccinated against HBV. Only 2.5% of all the respondents had ever received HBV vaccines while 3.5% had ever been tested for hepatitis B before this survey. There was a statistically significant association between HBV infection and respondents' use of shared clippers and work exposure involving contact with body parts and body fluids (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The knowledge, awareness and risk perception of HBV infection were low, however, almost half of the residents were willing to receive hepatitis B vaccinations if offered. It is recommended that the population-based prevention programmes and regular community-based surveillance be conducted by the public health department of Lagos State Ministry of Health. In addition, the strengthening of routine immunisation and vaccination of high-risk groups should be prioritised.


Assuntos
Hepatite B , Hepatite C , Estudos Transversais , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Hepatite B/prevenção & controle , Vacinas contra Hepatite B , Vírus da Hepatite B , Hepatite C/epidemiologia , Hepatite C/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Nigéria/epidemiologia , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos
5.
Niger Postgrad Med J ; 27(4): 261-267, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33154276

RESUMO

COVID-19, a highly infectious disease, caused by a novel virus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has brought about an unprecedented threat to global health. First reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, it has now spread to all continents of the world becoming a pandemic. There is no known treatment or vaccine for it although many candidate drugs and vaccines are in various clinical trial phases. For now, non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs) have become the mainstay of response for COVID-19 and are being used across the world to flatten the epidemiologic curve with some success. This review focussed on identifying which NPIs have been effective. NPIs that are effective include isolation and quarantine, physical distancing, use of face masks and hand hygiene. These measures are best used in combination and simultaneously. The evidence is that they should be instituted early in the pandemic and for sustained periods. They should also be implemented in the context of the cultural and socioeconomic conditions of the populace. Ineffective NPIs include ultraviolet irradiation and spraying of outdoor spaces and individuals. We recommend that decision makers weigh the evidence carefully, as it applies to the local setting to inform public health decisions.


Assuntos
Infecções por Coronavirus/terapia , Pneumonia Viral/terapia , Betacoronavirus , COVID-19 , Higiene das Mãos , Humanos , Máscaras , Nigéria , Pandemias , Quarentena , SARS-CoV-2 , Isolamento Social
6.
J Natl Med Assoc ; 110(1): 88-91, 2018 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29510850

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Nigeria is one of the ten countries with the highest tuberculosis (TB) burden globally and is experiencing an increasing incidence of drug resistance. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance (DR-TB) among patients screened at the TB clinic of a tertiary institution in Lagos, South-West, Nigeria. METHODS: A review of records of 840 patients with suspected drug-resistant TB was carried out from Gene Xpert test clinic register at a tertiary health facility from November 2013 to April 2015. The Data was analyzed with SPSS version 20, Chi square test was used to determine association between DR-TB and the factors examined and the level of significance was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS: MTB detection among all screened suspects was 43.3%. The prevalence of rifampicin resistance was 17.6% among patients that were investigated for DR-TB and this occurred more in the working age group (15-54 years) with male to female ratio of 1.8:1. However, only history of close contact with known DR-TB patient was associated with DR-TB (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The burden of DR-TB may be higher than previously thought. Drug resistance testing should be made more available to detect cases and thus control the emerging problem.


Assuntos
Antibióticos Antituberculose/uso terapêutico , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolamento & purificação , Centros de Atenção Terciária/estatística & dados numéricos , Tuberculose Resistente a Múltiplos Medicamentos/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/efeitos dos fármacos , Nigéria/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Tuberculose Resistente a Múltiplos Medicamentos/tratamento farmacológico , Tuberculose Resistente a Múltiplos Medicamentos/microbiologia , Adulto Jovem
7.
Niger Postgrad Med J ; 24(1): 37-43, 2017.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28492208

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Dental pain is considered an important public health problem because it affects the daily life of children. This study was designed to assess the prevalence, associated factors, and impact of dental pain among 8-12-year-old school children in Lagos, Nigeria. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional survey to determine self-reported dental pain among 8-12-year-old school children using an interviewer-administered questionnaire was conducted. This was followed by a clinical examination to determine the child's oral hygiene status and dental caries status. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used for comparing proportions. Binary logistic regression analysis was also conducted. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS: Of the 414 children included in the survey, 254 (61.4%) children and 103 (24.9%) children reported experiencing dental pain 3 months and 4 weeks before the survey, respectively. Caries prevalence was 21.0%, whereas mean decayed, missing, and filled tooth index score was 0.4420 (±1.078). A report of pain up to 3 months before the survey was significantly associated with the child's age [odds ratio (OR) = 1.254; confidence interval (CI) = 1.037-1.516; P = 0.019], whereas the type of school attended (OR = 1.786; CI = 1.124-2.840; P = 0.014) and the presence of dental caries (OR = 1.738; CI = 1.023-2.953; P = 0.041) were significantly associated with reporting pain 4 weeks before the survey. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of self-reported dental pain was high among the children surveyed. Report of dental pain was associated with the presence of dental caries. The provision of school oral health services could be useful in reducing the level of untreated caries and possibly dental pain among school children.


Assuntos
Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia , Inquéritos de Saúde Bucal , Odontalgia/epidemiologia , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Índice CPO , Humanos , Nigéria/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Autorrelato , Inquéritos e Questionários
8.
Malar J ; 15: 458, 2016 09 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27604777

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Indoor residual spraying (IRS) is used as part of the integrated vector management strategy for the control of malaria in Lagos, Nigeria. The purpose of this study was to compare the malariometric indices of children under 5 years old living in IRS-implementing and non-IRS-implementing communities of Lagos, Nigeria. METHODS: The study was a community-based, comparative, cross-sectional study of 480 children under five recruited using a multi-stage sampling method. Data on each child were collected using a household questionnaire administered to the consenting care-giver of each selected child. Each child underwent a comprehensive physical examination. On-the-spot malaria rapid diagnostic testing and haemoglobin estimation to assess parasitaemia and anaemia, respectively, were also carried out. Risk factors for parasitaemia and anaemia were identified using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 238 children were studied in the IRS-implementing group while 242 children were studied in the non-IRS-implementing group. The IRS -implementing community had a lower level of parasitaemia (1.3 %) compared to the non-IRS-implementing community (5.8 %) (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in anaemia, spleen rate and fever in the IRS-implementing group (10.9, 9.7 and 5 %) and the non-IRS-implementing group (9.9, 8.8 and 8.7 %), respectively. Residing in an IRS-implementing community was associated with lower odds of parasitaemia (OR 0.17, p < 0.01). Sleeping under a bed net was the only factor associated with anaemia (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: IRS has led to a reduction in the level of parasitaemia in the under-fives in the study areas.


Assuntos
Doenças Endêmicas , Malária/epidemiologia , Controle de Mosquitos , Anemia/diagnóstico , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Testes Diagnósticos de Rotina , Hemoglobinas/análise , Humanos , Lactente , Malária/prevenção & controle , Masculino , Nigéria/epidemiologia , Parasitemia/diagnóstico , Prevalência , Inquéritos e Questionários
9.
Niger Postgrad Med J ; 23(2): 79-85, 2016.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27424618

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among healthcare workers offering immunisation services in primary healthcare facilities in Alimosho Local Government Area, Lagos, Nigeria, on knowledge and reporting practices of healthcare workers on adverse events following immunisations (AEFIs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A pre-tested, close-ended, self-administered questionnaire was used to assess knowledge and reporting practices on AEFI. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16. Knowledge of healthcare workers was scored and graded as <50% - poor, 50-74% - fair and ≥75% - good. Reporting practices on AEFI was classified as good if it was reported within 24 h of seeing one.P= 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: One hundred and sixty-four healthcare workers duly completed and returned their questionnaires. The mean age was 39.5 ± 2.64 years and mean post-qualification experience was 12.2 ± 2.33 years. Over 80% of the healthcare workers knew that fever, pain, redness and swelling at injection site were clinical signs and symptoms of AEFI, and 93% knew about filling an adverse event form to report an AEFI. Overall, nearly 80% of respondents had fair/good knowledge on AEFI. Fifty-five (33.5%) healthcare workers had encountered an AEFI and 31 (56.4%) reported such within 24 h. There was a significant relationship between being younger healthcare workers and knowledge on AEFIs (P = 0.029). No healthcare worker characteristics were significantly associated with good reporting practices on AEFI. CONCLUSION: Respondents' knowledge and reporting practices on AEFI were average.


Assuntos
Sistemas de Notificação de Reações Adversas a Medicamentos , Pessoal de Saúde , Imunização/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Governo Local , Nigéria , Inquéritos e Questionários
10.
Niger Postgrad Med J ; 22(3): 158-63, 2015.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26739202

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: A community-based survey was conducted amongst mothers aged 15-49 years living in Mosan-Okunola, Lagos, Nigeria to determine the knowledge of, attitudes to, preventive and treatment practices towards neonatal jaundice (NNJ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The mothers were selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. A pre-tested interviewer-administered structured questionnaire was used to obtain data. The knowledge of the mothers was scored and scores lower than 50% were graded as poor, 50-74% as fair and ≥75% as good. The practice was also categorised as appropriate if one correct option was identified and was categorised as inappropriate where an incorrect option(s) was identified singly or in combination with a correct option. RESULTS: Three hundred and fifty-eight mothers were recruited. The mean age was 34.8 ± 9.05 years. Two hundred and seventy (75.4%) mothers had ever heard about the condition. Two hundred and forty-seven (91.4%) mothers correctly identified the condition and infection was the only most common known cause (47%). Only 34% of the mothers knew that NNJ could cause brain damage, and 40% identified refusal of feeds as a danger sign. Up to 64% of the mothers believed attending antenatal care could prevent the condition, and 58% were of the opinion that exposing babies to sunlight could prevent the condition. Sixty-eight percent (68.9%) of the mothers had a poor level of knowledge. Age and educational qualification did not show any statistically significant relationship with knowledge about NNJ (P < 0.05) but increasing maternal age had a significant association with an appropriate treatment practice (P < 0.05), the association was negative (r = -0.32). CONCLUSION: Knowledge about NNJ was low in this community and ineffective preventive practices were utilised. Efforts should be made to increase it, and health workers should play a leading role.

11.
Front Public Health ; 11: 1038062, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36778542

RESUMO

Introduction: Nigeria's skilled health professional health workforce density is insufficient to achieve its national targets for non-communicable diseases (NCD) which include 25% reduction in the prevalence of diabetes and hypertension, particularly at the primary health care (PHC) level. This places a great demand on community health workers (CHWs) who constitute the majority of PHC workers. Traditionally, CHWs are mainly involved in infectious diseases programmes, and maternal and child health services. Their involvement with prevention and control of NCDs has been minimal. With government prioritization of PHC for combating the rising NCD burden, strengthening CHWs' skills and competencies for NCD care delivery is crucial. Methods: We conducted a mixed methods study to explore the roles and practices of CHWs in the delivery of hypertension and diabetes care at PHC facilities in four states (two each in northern and southern regions) in Nigeria. We reviewed the National Standing Orders that guide CHWs' practices at the PHC facilities and administered a survey to 76 CHWs and conducted 13 focus groups (90 participants), and in-depth individual interviews with 13 CHWs and 7 other local and state government stakeholders. Results: Overall, we found that despite capacity constraints, CHWs frequently delivered services beyond the scope of practice stipulated in the National Standing Orders. Such informal task-shifting practices were primarily motivated by a need to serve the community. Discussion: While these practices may partially support health system functions and address unmet need, they may also lead to variable care quality and safety. Several factors could mitigate these adverse impacts and strengthen CHW roles in the health system. These include a stronger enabling policy environment to support NCD task-sharing, investment in continuous capacity building for CHWs, improved guidelines that can be implemented at the point of care, and improved coordination processes between PHC and higher-level facilities.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus , Hipertensão , Doenças não Transmissíveis , Criança , Humanos , Agentes Comunitários de Saúde , Diabetes Mellitus/terapia , Hipertensão/terapia , Nigéria , Doenças não Transmissíveis/prevenção & controle
12.
PLOS Glob Public Health ; 2(7): e0000566, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36962373

RESUMO

As chronic diseases, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) require sustained person-centred and community-based care. Given its direct link to communities and households, Primary Health Care (PHC) is well positioned to achieve such care. In Nigeria, the national government has prioritized PHC system strengthening as a means of achieving national NCD targets. However, strengthening PHC systems for NCDs require re-organization of PHC service delivery, based on contextual understanding of existing facilitators and barriers to PHC service delivery for NCDs. We conducted a mixed method case study to explore NCD service delivery with 13 PHC facilities serving as the cases of interest. The study was conducted in two northern and two southern states in Nigeria-and included qualitative interviews with 25 participants, 13 focus group discussion among 107 participants and direct observation at the 13 PHCs. We found that interprofessional role conflict among healthcare workers, perverse incentives to sustain the functioning of PHC facilities in the face of government under-investment, and the perception of PHC as an inferior health system were major barriers to improved organisation of NCD management. Conversely, the presence of physicians at PHC facilities and involvement of civil society organizations in aiding community linkage were key enablers. These marked differences in performance and capacity between PHC facilities in northern compared to southern states, with those in the south better organised to deliver NCD services. PHC reforms that are tailored to the socio-political and economic variations across Nigeria are needed to improve capacity to address NCDs.

13.
Int Health ; 14(6): 632-638, 2022 11 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35039869

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Immunization is a cost-effective public health strategy to reduce vaccine preventable disease, especially in childhood. METHODS: This paper reports the philosophy, service delivery, achievements and lessons learned from an immunization program in rural Nigeria privately financed via a corporate social responsibility initiative from GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals. RESULTS: The immunization program served the community for a 16-y period extending from 1998 until 2015, resulting in an increase in age-appropriate immunization coverage from 43% to 78%. CONCLUSION: In its success, this immunization program exemplified the importance of early and sustained community engagement, integration of strategies to optimize implementation outcomes and effective team building well before some of these principles were accepted and codified in the literature. The project also underscores the important role that the private sector can bring to achieving critical immunization goals, especially among underserved populations and provides a model for successful public-private partnership.


Assuntos
Países em Desenvolvimento , Parcerias Público-Privadas , Humanos , Nigéria , Programas de Imunização , Imunização , Vacinação
14.
BMJ Glob Health ; 7(10)2022 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36270659

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Community health workers (CHWs) constitute the majority of primary healthcare (PHC) workers in Nigeria, yet little is understood about their motivations or the most effective interventions to meet their needs to ensure quality health coverage across the country. We aimed to identify factors that would motivate CHWs for quality service delivery. METHODS: A discrete-choice experiment was conducted among 300 CHWs across 44 PHC facilities in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja Nigeria. Based on the literature review and qualitative research, five attributes, namely: salary, educational opportunities, career progression and in-service training, housing and transportation, were included in the experiment. CHWs were presented with 12 unlabelled choice sets, using tablet devices, and asked to choose which of two hypothetical jobs they would accept if offered to them, or whether they would take neither job. Mixed multinomial logistic models were used to estimate stated preferences for the attributes and the likely uptake of jobs under different policy packages was simulated. RESULTS: About 70% of the respondents were women and 39% worked as volunteers. Jobs that offered career progression were the strongest motivators among the formally employed CHWs (ß=0.33) while the 'opportunity to convert from CHW to another cadre of health workers, such as nursing' was the most important motivator among the volunteers' CHWs (ß=0.53). CHWs also strongly preferred jobs that would offer educational opportunities, including scholarship (ß=0.31) and provision of transport allowances (ß=0.26). Policy scenario modelling predicted combined educational opportunities, career progression opportunities and an additional 10% of salary as incentives was the employment package that would be most appealing to CHWs. CONCLUSION: CHWs are motivated by a mix of non-financial and financial incentives. Policy interventions that would improve motivation should be adequate to address various contexts facing different CHWs and be flexible enough to meet their differing needs.


Assuntos
Agentes Comunitários de Saúde , Motivação , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Nigéria , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Salários e Benefícios
15.
PLoS One ; 17(10): e0274750, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36206255

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Health care workers (HCWs) in the first line of care play critical roles in providing the correct information about the coronavirus disease to the community. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of virtual training on the knowledge, attitude, and preventive practices among PHC workers and their clients in the prevention and control of coronavirus disease. METHODS: A quasi-experimental intervention virtual training, using a before and after design amongst HCWs and clients was conducted at primary health care facilities in two Local Government Areas of Lagos State. The study instruments were pre-tested questionnaires for both HCWs and their clients. which investigated knowledge of symptoms, modes of disease transmission, methods of prevention, and preventive practices. Changes in knowledge, attitudes, and practices were compared pre-and post-intervention. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: Sixty-three HCWs (out of 100 recruited at baseline) and 133 clients (out of the initial 226) completed the study. The mean ages of the HCWs and clients were 39.2±9.9 and 30.9±5.0 years respectively. At the baseline, the HCW's knowledge was good in the domains of symptoms, modes of transmission, and preventive measures. The training led to a higher but not significant (p> 0.05) increase in the level of knowledge. Contact with trained HCWs was found to lead to significantly (P < 0.001) higher levels of knowledge, attitudes, and preventive practices. amongst clients. CONCLUSION: The training was effective in improving the knowledge of both the trained HCWs and their clients.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Adulto , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Fortalecimento Institucional , Estudos Transversais , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Pessoal de Saúde , Humanos , Internet , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nigéria , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Inquéritos e Questionários
16.
BMC Public Health ; 11: 882, 2011 Nov 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22112189

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Pneumonia is still the leading cause of death among children in Africa, and pneumococcal serotypes 1 and 5 are frequently isolated from African children with invasive pneumococcal disease below the age of 5 years. The immunogenicity, safety and reactogenicity of 3-dose primary vaccination with the 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV) were evaluated in infants in Mali and Nigeria. METHODS: In an open, randomized, controlled study, 357 infants received DTPw-HBV/Hib and OPV primary vaccination with (PHiD-CV group) or without (control group) PHiD-CV co-administration at 6, 10 and 14 weeks of age. Pneumococcal antibody responses and opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) were measured and adverse events (AEs) recorded. RESULTS: One month post-dose 3, ≥ 97.2% of PHiD-CV-vaccinated infants had an antibody concentration ≥ 0.2 µg/mL for each vaccine pneumococcal serotype except for 6B (82.0%) and 23F (87.6%) versus < 10% in the control group except for serotypes 14 (35.7%) and 19F (22.5%). For each vaccine serotype, ≥ 93.3% of PHiD-CV recipients had an OPA titre ≥ 8, except for serotypes 1 (87.6%) and 6B (85.4%), compared to < 10% in the control group, except for serotypes 7F (42.9%), 9V (24.1%) and 14 (24.5%). Anti-protein D geometric mean antibody concentrations were 3791.8 and 85.4 EL.U/mL in the PHiD-CV and control groups, respectively. Overall incidences of solicited and unsolicited AEs were similar between groups. CONCLUSIONS: In sub-Saharan African infants, PHiD-CV was immunogenic for all vaccine pneumococcal serotypes and protein D. Vaccine tolerability was generally comparable between the PHiD-CV and control groups. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00678301.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Bactérias/imunologia , Proteínas de Transporte/imunologia , Infecções por Haemophilus/prevenção & controle , Haemophilus influenzae/imunologia , Imunoglobulina D/imunologia , Lipoproteínas/imunologia , Vacinas Pneumocócicas/uso terapêutico , Prevenção Primária , África Subsaariana , Proteínas de Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas de Transporte/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Haemophilus influenzae/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Imunoglobulina D/efeitos dos fármacos , Lactente , Lipoproteínas/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Mali , Nigéria , Vacinas Pneumocócicas/administração & dosagem , Vacinas Pneumocócicas/farmacologia
17.
Hum Vaccin ; 7(6): 625-9, 2011 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21508678

RESUMO

Hepatitis B (HB) is an important public health problem affecting millions of people globally and is endemic in Nigeria. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the HB vaccine five to seven years post-introduction within a rural community in Nigeria. The study design was cross-sectional. Eligible children were either vaccinated subjects who had received at least two doses of HB vaccine or unvaccinated subjects (controls) who had not received HB vaccine. Following informed consent obtained from mothers/care givers, data was obtained using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Venous blood was obtained to measure HB markers including hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and antibodies to the core (anti-HBc) and antibody to the hepatitis B surface (anti-HBs) antigens. Eight hundred and twenty-two subjects were eligible for analysis consisting of 449 vaccinated and 373 controls. The prevalence of anti-HBc was 43.2% in unvaccinated children compared to 10.5% in vaccinated children (p < 0.001). The rate of HBsAg was 11.8% in the unvaccinated group and 2% in the vaccinated group (p < 0.001). The vaccine effectiveness against anti-HBc was 84.6% (95% confidence interval 77.8, 89.3%) and the effectiveness against infection was 84.7% (95% confidence interval 68.2, 92.6%). Sixty-one percent of vaccinated subjects had protective antibodies ≥ 10 EIU/ml compared to 18% of controls (p < 0.001) and the geometric mean titers (GMT) were 19.96 and 7.28 EIU/ml respectively (p < 0.001). Vaccinated subjects were protected at least for five to seven years following HB vaccination.


Assuntos
Vacinas contra Hepatite B/imunologia , Vacinação , Criança , Feminino , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite B/sangue , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B/sangue , Humanos , Masculino , Nigéria
18.
J Health Popul Nutr ; 29(4): 364-70, 2011 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21957675

RESUMO

Stunting adversely affects the physical and mental outcome of children. The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of and risk factors associated with stunting among urban school children and adolescents in Abeokuta, Nigeria. Five hundred and seventy children aged 5-19 years were selected using the multi-stage random-sampling technique. Stunting was defined as height-for-age z-score (HAZ) of < -2 standard deviation (SD) of the National Center for Health Statistics reference. Severe stunting was defined as HAZ of < -3 SD. The mean age of the children was 12.2 + 3.41 years, and 296 (51.5%) were males. Ninety-nine (17.4%) children were stunted. Of the stunted children, 20 (22.2%) were severely stunted. Identified risk factors associated with stunting were attendance of public schools (p < 0.001), polygamous family setting (p = 0.001), low maternal education (p = 0.001), and low social class (p = 0.034). Following multivariate analysis with logistic regression, low maternal education (odds ratio = 2.4; 95% confidence interval 1.20-4.9; p = 0.015) was the major contributory factor to stunting. Encouraging female education may improve healthcare-seeking behaviour and the use of health services and ultimately reduce stunting and its consequences.


Assuntos
Desenvolvimento do Adolescente , Desenvolvimento Infantil , Transtornos do Crescimento/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Nigéria/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Saúde da População Urbana , Adulto Jovem
19.
PLOS Glob Public Health ; 1(11): e0000050, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36962096

RESUMO

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are leading causes of death globally and in Nigeria they account for 29% of total deaths. Nigeria's health system is decentralized. Fragmentation in governance in federalised countries with decentralised health systems is a well-recognised challenge to coherent national health policymaking. The policy response to the rising NCD burden therefore requires strategic intent by national and sub-national governments. This study aimed to understand the implementation of NCD policies in Nigeria, the role of decentralisation of those policies, and to consider the implications for achieving national NCD targets. We conducted a policy analysis combined with key informant interviews to determine to what extent NCD policies and strategies align with Nigeria's decentralised health system; and the structure and process within which implementation occurs across the various tiers of government. Four inter-related findings emerged: NCD national policies are 'top down' in focus and lack attention to decentralisation to subnational and frontline care delivery levels of the health system; there are defective coordination mechanisms for NCD programmes which are underpinned by weak regional organisational structures; financing for NCDs are administratively burdensome and fragmented; and frontline NCD service delivery for NCDs are not effectively being integrated with other essential PHC services. Despite considerable progress being made with development of national NCD policies, greater attention on their implementation at subnational levels is needed to achieve more effective service delivery and progress against national NCD targets. We recommend strengthening subnational coordination mechanisms, greater accountability frameworks, increased and more efficient funding, and greater attention to integrated PHC service delivery models. The use of an effective bottom-up approach, with consideration for decentralization, should also be engaged at all stages of policy formulation.

20.
BMC Cancer ; 9: 76, 2009 Mar 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19261179

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the leading female malignancy in Nigeria. Screening for early detection has led to reduction in mortality from the disease. It is known that attitudes of physicians and motivation by community nurses influence uptake of screening methods by women. This study aims to investigate knowledge of breast cancer risk factors, beliefs about treatment and practice of screening methods among a cohort of female healthcare professionals in Lagos, Nigeria. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire to assess the knowledge of breast cancer risk factors, beliefs about treatment and practice of screening methods among 207 female doctors, nurses and other healthcare professionals working in a university teaching hospital in Lagos, Nigeria. Stratified random sampling method was employed. Chi square test, analysis of variance and Mantel-Haenszel test were performed in data analysis using SPSS v10.0 and Epi Info version 6 statistical packages. RESULTS: Female doctors obtained a mean knowledge score of 74% and were the only professional group that had satisfactory knowledge of risk factors. Majority (86%) believed that early breast cancer is curable while half of participants believed that prayer can make breast cancer disappear from the affected breast. Eighty three percent practice breast self-examination (BSE) once a month and only 8% have ever had a mammogram. Age, knowledge of risk factors, profession and beliefs were not significantly associated with rate of BSE in this study. CONCLUSION: Results from this study suggest the need for continuing medical education programmes aimed at improving knowledge of breast cancer among female healthcare providers other than doctors.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/psicologia , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Pessoal de Saúde/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Mama/terapia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Programas de Rastreamento , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nigéria , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros/psicologia , Médicas/psicologia , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto Jovem
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