RESUMO
This single-arm confirmatory study (JCOG1305) aimed to evaluate the utility of interim positron emission tomography (iPET)-guided therapy for newly diagnosed advanced-stage classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). Patients aged 16-60 years with cHL received two cycles of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) and then underwent an iPET scan (PET2), which was centrally reviewed using a five-point Deauville scale. PET2-negative patients continued an additional four cycles of ABVD, whereas PET2-positive patients switched to six cycles of escalated bleomycin, etoposide, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (eBEACOPP). The co-primary endpoints were 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) among all eligible and PET2-positive patients. Ninety-three patients were enrolled between January 2016 and December 2019. One patient was ineligible because of a diagnostic error. The median age of the 92 eligible patients was 35 (interquartile range, 28-48) years. Forty (43%) patients had stage III disease, and 43 (47%) had stage IV disease. The remaining nine (10%) patients had stage IIB disease with risk factors. Nineteen PET2-positive (21%) patients received eBEACOPP, 18 completed six cycles of eBEACOPP, 73 PET2-negative (79%) patients continued ABVD, and 70 completed an additional four cycles of ABVD. With a median follow-up period of 41.1 months, the 2-year PFS of 92 eligible patients and 19 PET2-positive patients were 84.8% (80% confidence interval [CI], 79.2-88.9) and 84.2% (80% CI, 69.7-92.1), respectively. Both primary endpoints were met at the prespecified threshold. This study demonstrates that iPET-guided therapy is a useful treatment option for younger patients with newly diagnosed advanced-stage cHL. Registration number: jRCTs031180218.
RESUMO
Secondary central nervous system involvement (sCNSi) in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is fatal. However, its features in patients with sCNSi who are categorized as lower risk by international prognostic index (IPI) or CNS-IPI are not yet fully understood. In the present analysis, we evaluated DLBCL patients who developed sCNSi at their first progression and who participated in JCOG0601, most of whom were lower risk by IPI. Of 409 patients, 21 (5.1%) developed sCNSi during a median follow-up of 4.9 years. Five-year cumulative incidence of sCNSi were 5.1%; and 4.0%, 5.3%, and 11.5% at low, intermediate, and high risk of CNS-IPI, respectively. The most common locations of extranodal lesions at the time of registration in patients with sCNSi were the stomach (n = 4), paranasal cavity (n = 3), and bone marrow (n = 2). In univariable analysis, paranasal cavity lesion was a high-risk factor for sCNSi (subdistribution hazard ratio, 4.34 [95% confidence interval 1.28-14.73]). Median overall survival after sCNSi was 1.3 years, with a 2-year overall survival rate of 39.3%. The incidence of sCNSi in DLBCL patients at lower risk of CNS-IPI was low, as previously reported, but paranasal cavity lesion might indicate high risk for organ involvement. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: JCOG0601 was registered in the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000000929, date of registration; December 04, 2007) and the Japan Registry of Clinical Trials (jRCTs031180139, date of registration; February 20, 2019).
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica , Neoplasias do Sistema Nervoso Central , Ciclofosfamida , Doxorrubicina , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B , Prednisona , Rituximab , Vincristina , Humanos , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/tratamento farmacológico , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/epidemiologia , Rituximab/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Feminino , Vincristina/uso terapêutico , Vincristina/administração & dosagem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Idoso , Doxorrubicina/uso terapêutico , Ciclofosfamida/uso terapêutico , Ciclofosfamida/administração & dosagem , Neoplasias do Sistema Nervoso Central/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Prednisona/uso terapêutico , Prednisona/administração & dosagem , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Seguimentos , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
Progression-free survival after R-High CHOP/CHASER/LEED with auto-PBSCT in untreated mantle cell lymphoma in JCOG0406 study. A continuous pattern of relapse was observed.
Assuntos
Linfoma de Célula do Manto , Adulto , Humanos , Linfoma de Célula do Manto/diagnóstico por imagem , Linfoma de Célula do Manto/tratamento farmacológico , Seguimentos , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Rituximab/uso terapêutico , Vincristina/uso terapêutico , Ciclofosfamida/uso terapêutico , Doxorrubicina/uso terapêutico , Prednisona/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Most follicular lymphomas (FL) show t(14;18)/IGH-BCL2 translocation, but rearrangement (R) negative cases exist. A series of 140 FL patients with a BCL2, BCL6, and MYC gene status examined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were classified into five groups: (a) BCL2-R group (BCL2-R/BCL6-G/MYC-G) (G, germline), 77 cases; (b) BCL2/BCL6 double-R group (BCL2-R/BCL6-R/MYC-G), 16 cases; (c) BCL6-R group (BCL2-G/BCL6-R/MYC-G), 16 cases; (d) MYC-R group (BCL2-R or G/BCL6-R or G/MYC-R), three cases; (e) Triple-G group (BCL2-G/BCL6-G/MYC-G), 28 cases. The BCL6-R group had different clinicopathological characteristics. It showed lower rates of an advanced clinical stage and bone marrow invasion, less disease progression (p = 0.036), and a 'trend' toward a favorable progression-free survival (PFS) (p = 0.06). It also showed higher rates of grade 3A and MUM1-expression, and when analyzing the interfollicular spread pattern of CD20-positive cells, had fewer cases showing the IF3+ pattern (high interfollicular spread). Moreover, cases with BCL6-R and/or BCL6 gain (with cases of BCL2 rearrangement and/or of copy number gain excluded) correlated with favorable PFS (p = 0.014) and less IF3+ pattern (p = 0.007). We demonstrated that BCL6-R FLs showed unique clinicopathological findings, and FISH of BCL2, BCL6, and MYC is useful for FL diagnosis and clinical management.
Assuntos
Linfoma Folicular , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica , Rearranjo Gênico , Humanos , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente , Linfoma Folicular/genética , Linfoma Folicular/patologia , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/patologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-6/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-myc/genéticaRESUMO
The prognosis of Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph + ALL) has improved dramatically. Although measurable residual disease (MRD) kinetics during pretransplant treatment has been recently reported to correlate with patient outcomes, it is unclear whether prognosis is better if the MRD falls below the detection sensitivity soon after induction therapy. We retrospectively analyzed data of 37 Ph + ALL patients who were treated with autologous or allogeneic stem cell transplantation (auto-SCT, allo-SCT) at our institute from 2003 to 2019. Based on MRD kinetics, patients were divided into three groups: early responders (MRD became negative after induction therapy [n = 10, 27.0%]); late responders (MRD remained positive after induction therapy and became negative just before SCT [n = 12, 32.4%]); and poor responders (MRD was positive until just before SCT [n = 15, 40.5%]). The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates for the three groups were 80.0%, 60.0%, and 29.9%, respectively (P = 0.037). The 5-year overall survival rates were not significantly different. The 5-year relapse rates were 0.0%, 31.7%, and 49.5%, respectively (P = 0.045). Non-relapse mortality (NRM) rates were similar among the three groups. Subgroup analysis for the cases that received posttransplantation tyrosine kinase inhibitor maintenance therapy revealed that DFS was similarly dependent on MRD kinetics (P = 0.022). This study clarified that MRD kinetics was a significant prognosticator for DFS and relapse rate in Ph + ALL.
Assuntos
Neoplasia Residual/diagnóstico , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/diagnóstico , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasia Residual/genética , Neoplasia Residual/terapia , Cromossomo Filadélfia , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/genética , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/terapia , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Transplante de Células-Tronco , Transplante Homólogo , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The International Myeloma Working Group response criteria require two consecutive assessments of paraprotein levels. We conducted an exploratory analysis to evaluate whether a single response assessment could be a substitute for the International Myeloma Working Group criteria using data from JCOG1105, a randomized phase II study on melphalan, prednisolone and bortezomib. METHODS: Of 91 patients with transplant-ineligible newly diagnosed multiple myeloma, 79 patients were included. We calculated the kappa coefficient to evaluate the degree of agreement between the International Myeloma Working Group criteria and the single response assessment. RESULTS: Based on the International Myeloma Working Group criteria, 11 (13.9%), 20 (25.3%), 36 (45.6%) and 12 (15.2%) patients had stringent complete response/complete response, very good partial response, partial response and stable disease, respectively. Based on the single response assessment, 17 (21.5%), 19 (24.1%), 35 (44.3%) and 8 (10.1%) patients had stringent complete response/complete response, very good partial response, partial response and stable disease, respectively. The kappa coefficient was 0.76 (95% confidence interval, 0.65-0.88), demonstrating good agreement. The single response assessment was not inferior to the International Myeloma Working Group criteria in the median progression-free survival (3.8 and 2.9 years) in stringent complete response/complete response patients, suggesting that the single response assessment was not an overestimation. CONCLUSIONS: The single response assessment could be a substitute for the current International Myeloma Working Group criteria for transplant-ineligible newly diagnosed multiple myeloma.
Assuntos
Bortezomib/uso terapêutico , Melfalan/uso terapêutico , Mieloma Múltiplo/tratamento farmacológico , Prednisolona/uso terapêutico , Idoso , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Intervalo Livre de ProgressãoRESUMO
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common lymphoma subtype, and nearly 70% of patients may be cured by administering R-CHOP therapy. However, R-CHOP is found to be inadequate in approximately one-third of the DLBCL cases, and refractory disease to R-CHOP is usually associated with a major cause of mortality. Therefore, it is essential to improve the efficacy of initial treatment in order to avoid unfavorable outcomes in patients with refractory DLBCL. In general, R-CHOP comprises of CHOP regimen that is repeated every 3 weeks and adding one-dose rituximab in each cycle. Although this combination method of rituximab with CHOP is effective and convenient, it does not contain enough scientific rationale and the schedule of rituximab administration has not been optimized. The pharmacokinetics of rituximab differs substantially among individuals and its serum half-life is approximately more than 500 hours; therefore, the peak concentration increases cumulatively by weekly infusion. A previous study revealed that patients with high blood concentration of rituximab showed higher response rate and longer progression-free survival. These findings suggest that the retention of higher levels of rituximab concentration and combination with chemotherapy during an early treatment period may bring about improvement of treatment effect. The HOVON group and Japan Clinical Oncology Group conducted randomized phase III studies to evaluate the efficacy of the dose-dense rituximab strategy for untreated DLBCL.
Assuntos
Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B , Linfoma não Hodgkin , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica , Ciclofosfamida/uso terapêutico , Doxorrubicina/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Japão , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/tratamento farmacológico , Linfoma não Hodgkin/tratamento farmacológico , Prednisona/uso terapêutico , Rituximab/uso terapêutico , Resultado do Tratamento , Vincristina/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
We evaluated the safety, efficacy, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and predictive biomarkers of tirabrutinib, a second-generation, enhanced-selectivity Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor in Japanese patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-cell NHL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). This was an open-label, multicenter, phase I study. Seventeen patients (male N = 8) with a median age of 70 years were enrolled in 4 dose cohorts (160 mg once daily [N = 3], 320 mg once daily [N = 3], 480 mg once daily [N = 4] and 300 mg twice daily [N = 7]); 4 patients had continued tirabrutinib administration as of 4 January 2018. The maximum tolerated dose was not reached. Pneumonitis (N = 1) was the dose-limiting toxicity for 300 mg twice daily. Common adverse events (AEs) were rash (35.3%) and vomiting (29.4%). Eight patients (47.1%) developed grade ≥3 AEs: neutropenia (23.5%), anemia (11.8%) and leukopenia (11.8%) were frequent. The overall response rate (≥PR) was 76.5% (13/17 patients), including 4 DLBCL patients with no CD79A/B or MYD88 mutations, and 1 CLL patient with a TP53 mutation, providing promising data for future developments. Of 16 patients with measurable lesions during the screening period, 12 showed ≥50% reductions in tumor diameter. In many patients, the tumor size decreased soon after beginning treatment. The maximum serum concentration for tirabrutinib was 611, 1220, 1280 and 886 ng/mL on Day 1 and 484, 971 1940, and 961 ng/mL on Day 28 for Cohorts 1-4, respectively. Tirabrutinib pharmacokinetics were linear, with little accumulation following multiple doses. Tirabrutinib was well tolerated and showed promising efficacy for B-cell NHL/CLL.
Assuntos
Imidazóis/administração & dosagem , Leucemia Linfocítica Crônica de Células B/tratamento farmacológico , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/administração & dosagem , Pirimidinas/administração & dosagem , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antígenos CD79/genética , Esquema de Medicação , Feminino , Humanos , Imidazóis/efeitos adversos , Imidazóis/farmacocinética , Japão , Leucemia Linfocítica Crônica de Células B/genética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fator 88 de Diferenciação Mieloide/genética , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/genética , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/efeitos adversos , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacocinética , Pirimidinas/efeitos adversos , Pirimidinas/farmacocinética , Resultado do Tratamento , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/genéticaRESUMO
In 2018 the practical guidelines for hematological malignancies, edited by Japanese Society of Hematology, underwent major revision for the first time in five years. R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) remains the standard treatment for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in line with the prior 2013 guidelines. R-CHOP has been considered as the standard treatment for DLBCL since early 2000s, when a 20% improvement in survival was observed when adding rituximab to CHOP. Following this, several clinical trials were conducted, but most attempts to exceed R-CHOP have failed. Moreover, this evidence has raised further research questions. In this report, the current evidence and the problems associated with DLBCL treatments have been reviewed.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/tratamento farmacológico , Anticorpos Monoclonais Murinos/uso terapêutico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Ciclofosfamida/uso terapêutico , Doxorrubicina/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Prednisona/uso terapêutico , Rituximab , Resultado do Tratamento , Vincristina/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
E7777, a recombinant cytotoxic fusion protein comprising diphtheria toxin fragments A and B and human interleukin-2, shares an amino acid sequence with denileukin diftitox but has improved purity and an increased percentage of active protein monomer species. A phase I study was carried out to evaluate the tolerability, safety, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor activity of E7777 in Japanese patients with relapsed/refractory peripheral and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. E7777 (6, 12, and expanded 9 µg/kg/day) was given to 13 patients by i.v. infusion on five consecutive days per 21-day cycle. Dose-limiting toxicities, including increased alanine aminotransferase, hyponatremia (n = 2), hypokalemia, lymphopenia, fatigue, hypoalbuminemia, rash, and increased lipase (n = 1), were observed in all three patients in the 12 µg/kg/day cohort, whereas two of six patients in the 9 µg/kg/day cohort showed decreased appetite or fatigue. The maximum tolerated and recommended dose of E7777 was 9 µg/kg/day for five consecutive days per 21-day cycle. The objective response rate was 38% (5/13) and did not appear to depend on tumor expression of CD25. E7777 was well tolerated, assuming careful management of adverse events during treatment, and preliminary but clinically meaningful antitumor activity was observed. Subsequent studies of E7777 for T-cell lymphomas are warranted. This study was registered with www.ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT1401530).
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Linfoma Cutâneo de Células T/tratamento farmacológico , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/tratamento farmacológico , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/administração & dosagem , Neoplasias Cutâneas/tratamento farmacológico , Administração Oral , Adulto , Idoso , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Estudos de Coortes , Toxina Diftérica/uso terapêutico , Esquema de Medicação , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos , Feminino , Humanos , Infusões Intravenosas , Interleucina-2/administração & dosagem , Interleucina-2/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Dose Máxima Tolerável , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/uso terapêutico , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Although induction immunochemotherapy including high-dose cytarabine and rituximab followed by high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) with autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is recommended for younger patients (≤65 years old) with untreated mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), no standard induction and HDC regimen has been established. We conducted a phase II study of induction immunochemotherapy of R-High-CHOP/CHASER followed by HDC of LEED with ASCT in younger patients with untreated advanced MCL. Eligibility criteria included untreated MCL, stage II bulky to IV, and age 20-65 years. Patients received 1 cycle of R-High-CHOP followed by 3 cycles of CHASER every 3 weeks. Peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) were harvested during CHASER. LEED with ASCT was delivered to patients who responded to R-High-CHOP/CHASER. Primary endpoint was 2-year progression-free survival (PFS). From June 2008 to June 2012, 45 patients (median age 59 years; range 38-65 years) were enrolled. PBSC were successfully harvested from 36 of 43 patients. Thirty-five patients completed ASCT. Two-year PFS was 77% (80% CI 68-84), which met the primary endpoint. Five-year PFS and overall survival were 52% (95% CI 34-68%) and 71% (95% CI 51-84%), respectively. Overall response and complete response rates after induction immunochemotherapy were 96% and 82%, respectively. The most common grade 4 toxicities were hematological. In younger patients with untreated MCL, R-High-CHOP/CHASER/LEED with ASCT showed high efficacy and acceptable toxicity, and it can now be considered a standard treatment option.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Linfoma de Célula do Manto/terapia , Melfalan/uso terapêutico , Rituximab/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Idoso , Antígenos de Neoplasias/análise , Terapia Combinada , Ciclofosfamida/uso terapêutico , Citarabina/uso terapêutico , Dexametasona/uso terapêutico , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Doxorrubicina/uso terapêutico , Etoposídeo/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Humanos , Imunoterapia/métodos , Linfoma de Célula do Manto/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prednisona/uso terapêutico , Transplante Autólogo , Vincristina/uso terapêutico , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Shorter duration of infusion of monoclonal antibody treatments may reduce treatment burden and improve healthcare resource utilization. METHODS: This phase II study recruited Japanese patients with previously untreated CD20+ B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Patients received intravenous obinutuzumab 1000 mg by regular infusion on Days 1, 8 and 15 of Cycle 1, followed by 90-min shorter duration of infusion in up to seven subsequent cycles, provided they received ≥3 regular infusions without any grade ≥3 infusion-related reactions and had a lymphocyte count <5.0 × 109 cells/l. Standard cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone chemotherapy was given in Cycles 1-6. The primary endpoints were as follows: incidence of grade ≥3 infusion-related reactions in Cycle 2 in patients who started shorter duration of infusion in Cycle 2, serum obinutuzumab concentrations and pharmacokinetic parameters and the time course of cytokine release. Adverse events and serious adverse events were monitored. RESULTS: Of 35 patients treated, 28 completed eight cycles; 31 started shorter duration of infusion in Cycle 2 and two patients in subsequent cycles. Two patients discontinued before starting shorter duration of infusion. No grade ≥3 infusion-related reactions occurred in Cycle 2. Twenty-one infusion-related reactions (all grades 1-2) were reported in 17/35 (49%) patients overall, mostly in Cycle 1 (18/21 infusion-related reactions [86%]). Grade ≥3 AEs occurring in ≥10% of patients included neutropenia/neutrophil count decreased (66%) and leukopenia/white blood cell count decreased (23%). Steady-state pharmacokinetics of obinutuzumab were attained in Cycle 2 and were not affected by shorter duration of infusion. No relevant cytokine elevations were reported with shorter duration of infusion. CONCLUSIONS: Regular infusion and shorter duration of infusion of obinutuzumab have comparable tolerability and pharmacokinetics in Japanese patients.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/efeitos adversos , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/farmacocinética , Linfócitos B/patologia , Linfoma não Hodgkin/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Idoso , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/administração & dosagem , Área Sob a Curva , Citocinas/metabolismo , Determinação de Ponto Final , Feminino , Humanos , Infusões Intravenosas , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The current standard treatment for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is R-CHOP administration. This therapeutic protocol began in the first decade of the 21st century, based on the results of a randomized trial which compared R-CHOP with a CHOP regimen for elderly patients and showed an approximately 20% survival advantage in the R-CHOP arm. Recent developments of new drugs such as monoclonal antibody and molecularly targeted agents have been remarkable and many such agents have been introduced into clinical practice with high expectations. Nevertheless, the standard regimen for DLBCL has not been renewed for more than 15 years. In this article, we consider the types of investigations which have pointed to the conclusion that the R-CHOP regimen remains the current standard for DLBCL patients. Future perspectives are also discussed.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/tratamento farmacológico , Progressão da Doença , Humanos , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/diagnóstico , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/genética , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/metabolismo , Mutação , Fator 88 de Diferenciação Mieloide/genética , Transdução de Sinais , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is essentially incurable with conventional chemotherapy. The MCL International Prognostic Index (MIPI) is a validated specific prognostic index, but was derived from patients with advanced-stage disease primarily in the pre-rituximab era. We analysed 501 MCL patients (median age, 67 years; range 22-90) treated with rituximab-containing chemotherapy, and evaluated the prognostic factors adjusted by the treatment. Five-year overall survival (OS) in the low, intermediate and high MIPI groups was 74%, 70% and 35%, respectively. Additional to MIPI risk factors, multivariate analysis revealed that low serum albumin and bone-marrow involvement were also significantly associated with a poor outcome. The revised-MIPI (R-MIPI) was constructed using six factors, namely age, performance status, white blood cell count, serum lactate dehydrogenase, bone-marrow involvement and serum albumin, which is divided into four prognostic groups. Five-year OS in low, low-intermediate (L-I), high-intermediate (H-I) and high R-MIPI groups was 92%, 75%, 61% and 19%, respectively. Hazard ratio for OS of L-I, H-I and high risk to low risk patients were 5·4, 8·3 and 33·0, respectively. R-MIPI, a new prognostic index with easy application to the general patient population, shows promise for identifying low- and high-risk MCL patients in the rituximab era.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administração & dosagem , L-Lactato Desidrogenase/sangue , Linfoma de Célula do Manto , Modelos Biológicos , Albumina Sérica/metabolismo , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anticorpos Monoclonais Murinos/administração & dosagem , Contagem de Células Sanguíneas , Ciclofosfamida/administração & dosagem , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Doxorrubicina/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Humanos , Japão/epidemiologia , Linfoma de Célula do Manto/sangue , Linfoma de Célula do Manto/tratamento farmacológico , Linfoma de Célula do Manto/mortalidade , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prednisona/administração & dosagem , Fatores de Risco , Rituximab , Taxa de Sobrevida , Vincristina/administração & dosagemRESUMO
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of malignant lymphoma. The incidence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive DLBCL in Asian and Latin American countries ranges from 8 to 10%. The prognosis of patients with EBV-positive DLBCL is controversial. To compare the clinical outcome of EBV-positive and EBV-negative patients with DLBCL in the rituximab era, we analyzed 239 patients with de novo DLBCL diagnosed between January 2007 and December 2011. The presence of EBV in lymphoma cells was detected using EBV-encoded RNA in situ hybridization, and it was found that 18 (6.9%) of 260 patients with diagnosed DLBCL tested positive. Among the 260 cases, 216 cases were treated with rituximab plus chemotherapy, as were 8 EBV-positive DLBCL patients. The median overall survival and progression-free survival times in patients with EBV-positive DLBCL were 8.7 months and 6.8 months, respectively. The median overall survival and progression-free survival could not be determined in EBV-negative DLBCL patients (P = 0.0002, P < 0.0001, respectively). The outcome of patients with EBV-positive DLBCL remains poor, even in the rituximab era.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/complicações , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/tratamento farmacológico , Idoso , Anticorpos Monoclonais Murinos/administração & dosagem , Anticorpos Monoclonais Murinos/uso terapêutico , Ciclofosfamida/uso terapêutico , Doxorrubicina/uso terapêutico , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/mortalidade , Feminino , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/mortalidade , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/virologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prednisona/uso terapêutico , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Rituximab , Resultado do Tratamento , Vincristina/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
The prognosis of patients with primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma has improved over recent years. However, the optimal treatment strategy including the role of radiotherapy remains unknown. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical outcomes of 345 patients with newly diagnosed primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma in Japan. With a median follow up of 48 months, the overall survival at four years for patients treated with R-CHOP (n=187), CHOP (n=44), DA-EPOCH-R (n=9), 2(nd)- or 3(rd)-generation regimens, and chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation were 90%, 67%, 100%, 91% and 92%, respectively. Focusing on patients treated with R-CHOP, a higher International Prognostic Index score and the presence of pleural or pericardial effusion were identified as adverse prognostic factors for overall survival in patients treated with R-CHOP without consolidative radiotherapy (IPI: hazard ratio 4.23, 95% confidence interval 1.48-12.13, P=0.007; effusion: hazard ratio 4.93, 95% confidence interval 1.37-17.69, P=0.015). Combined with the International Prognostic Index score and the presence of pleural or pericardial effusion for the stratification of patients treated with R-CHOP without radiotherapy, patients with lower International Prognostic Index score and the absence of effusion comprised approximately one-half of these patients and could be identified as curable patients (95% overall survival at 4 years). The DA-EPOCH-R regimen might overcome the effect of these adverse prognostic factors. Our simple indicators of International Prognostic Index score and the presence of pleural or pericardial effusion could stratify patients with primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma and help guide selection of treatment.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/terapia , Neoplasias do Mediastino/terapia , Derrame Pericárdico/diagnóstico , Derrame Pleural/diagnóstico , Transplante de Células-Tronco , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anticorpos Monoclonais Murinos/administração & dosagem , Terapia Combinada , Ciclofosfamida/administração & dosagem , Doxorrubicina/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Japão , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/complicações , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/mortalidade , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/patologia , Masculino , Neoplasias do Mediastino/complicações , Neoplasias do Mediastino/mortalidade , Neoplasias do Mediastino/patologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Derrame Pericárdico/etiologia , Derrame Pleural/etiologia , Prednisona/administração & dosagem , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Rituximab , Taxa de Sobrevida , Transplante Autólogo , Vincristina/administração & dosagem , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Tirabrutinib is a Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor for treating B-cell malignancies. We report the final results of a Phase I study of tirabrutinib in 17 Japanese patients with B-cell malignancies. Patients were administered tirabrutinib at a dose of 160 mg, 320 mg, or 480 mg once daily, or 300 mg twice daily (N = 3, 3, 4, and 7, respectively). Three patients continued tirabrutinib until study completion (November 30, 2020). Adverse events (AEs) occurred in all 17 patients, with Grade 3-4 AEs in 8 (47.1%), serious AEs in 7 (41.2%), drug-related AEs in 16 (94.1%), and Grade 3-4 drug-related AEs in 6 (35.3%). Drug-related AEs reported in 3 or more patients were rash, vomiting, neutropenia, arthralgia, and malaise. One additional serious AE (benign neoplasm of the lung, unrelated to tirabrutinib) occurred after the previous data cutoff (January 4, 2018). Tirabrutinib administration and response assessment were continued for over 4 years in 4 patients. The overall response rate was 76.5% (13/17 patients). The median (range) time to response and duration of response were 0.9 (0.9-5.9) months and 2.59 (0.08-5.45) years, respectively. These findings demonstrate the long-term safety and efficacy of tirabrutinib in Japanese patients with B-cell malignancies.Clinical trial registration: JapicCTI-142682 ( http://www.clinicaltrials.jp/ ).
Assuntos
Leucemia Linfocítica Crônica de Células B , Linfoma não Hodgkin , Humanos , Leucemia Linfocítica Crônica de Células B/tratamento farmacológico , População do Leste Asiático , Linfócitos B/patologia , Linfoma não Hodgkin/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
The cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone (CHOP) regimen, containing doxorubicin (DXR), which is a key drug for aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), is a standard chemotherapeutic regimen; however, its administration in elderly patients is often intolerable. Pirarubicin (tetrahydropyranyl adriamycin [THP]) is an anthracycline developed in Japan. We have conducted a phase II trial of a full-dose THP-COP (modified CHOP regimen with DXR replaced by THP) regimen for elderly patients with newly diagnosed, advanced-stage, aggressive NHL. Patients aged 70-79 years old with previously untreated NHL according to the Working Formulation (D through H and J), disease stage I with a bulky mass or stage II-IV, and performance status of 0-1 were eligible. The THP-COP regimen, which consisted of 750-mg/m2 cyclophosphamide, 50-mg/m2 THP, 1.4-mg/m2 vincristine (capped at 2.0 mg) on day 1, and 100-mg prednisolone daily on days 1 to 5, was delivered every 3 weeks for 6 cycles. The primary endpoint was complete response (CR) rate. Twenty-nine patients were enrolled in the study. The CR rate was 65.5% (95% confidence interval, 45.7-82.1%). The 3-year failure-free and overall survival rates were 54.1% and 53.9%, respectively. The most frequent observed grade 3 or 4 toxicity was neutropenia, which occurred in 80% of the patients. Grade 3 cardiac dysfunction was observed in one patient. The full-dose THP-COP regimen exhibited similar efficacy and safety, and a tendency for less cardiac toxicity, when compared with the standard CHOP regimen in elderly Japanese patients with newly diagnosed, advanced-stage, aggressive NHL.
Assuntos
Linfoma não Hodgkin , Idoso , Humanos , Vincristina/efeitos adversos , Linfoma não Hodgkin/diagnóstico , Ciclofosfamida , Doxorrubicina/uso terapêutico , Prednisona , Prednisolona/uso terapêutico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Although the alteration of the 9p24.1 chromosome locus and PD-L1 overexpression is found in nodular sclerosis classic Hodgkin lymphoma, whether these aberrations occur in CHL and Hodgkin-like lesion (HLL) of methotrexate-associated lymphoproliferative disorder (MTX-CHL and MTX-HLL) is unknown. We compared the clinicopathologic features, the genomic status of the 9p24.1 locus and PD-L1 expression in a series of 34 patients including 17 with Epstein-Barr virus-positive de novo CHL, 7 with MTX-CHL, 10 with MTX-HLL using an immunofluorescence in situ hybridization method and immunohistochemistry. The proportions of cells with 9p24.1 genetic alteration in CD30-positive Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg cells of de novo CHL, MTX-CHL and MTX-HLL were 55%, 68%, and 24%, respectively. The positive rates of PD-L1 measured by immunohistochemical H-scores of de novo CHL, MTX-CHL and MTX-HLL were 142±38, 157±75, and 70±42, respectively. Alteration of the 9p24.1 gene and expression of PD-L1 protein were correlated with all 3 diseases (correlation coefficient, 0.731). Both alteration of the 9p24.1 gene and overexpression of PD-L1 protein were observed in Epstein-Barr virus-positive de novo CHL and MTX-CHL but not in MTX-HLL. In conclusion, MTX-CHL has similar pathogenesis-like de novo CHL, but MTX-HLL seems to be a different disease from de novo CHL and MTX-CHL.