Anthelmintic resistance in sheep in the semiarid region of Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Anthelmintic efficacy was evaluated among sheep that had become naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes in 17 flocks located in the semiarid region of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Feces were collected individually from 1021 hairy sheep to determine the number of eggs per gram of feces (EPG) and for coprocultures to identify nematode genera the nematodes. Only the animals that presented EPG counts greater than or equal to 200 were included in the study (totaling 381 sheep). The animals were divided into three treatment groups: albendazole, ivermectin and levamisole. Fourteen days after the administration of anthelmintics, fecal samples were taken from all animals. In each flock, the pre-treatment and post-treatment arithmetic mean EPG were used to calculate the efficacy (FECR) for each of the treatment groups and the lower 95% confidence limit. Data were analyzed with the "eggCounts 2.3" package in RStudio, using a Bayesian model for paired design. The anthelmintics were classified as being efficacious (when the FECR was both equal to or above 95% and the lower 95% confidence limit was equal to or above 90%) or as encountering anthelmintic resistance (when the FECR was below 95% and the lower 95% confidence limit was below 90%) or inconclusive (when none of the other criteria were fulfilled). Albendazole and ivermectin were not effective in any of the flocks. Levamisole was effective against gastrointestinal nematodes in 25% of the flocks studied. Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus and Oesophagostomum genera were identified in this study in a semiarid region of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The genus Haemonchus was the most prevalent, followed by Trichostrongylus and Oesophagostomum. After anthelmintic treatment, the most prevalent genus was Haemonchus, followed by Trichostrongylus; the genus Oesophagostomum was not detected. The highest percentage of Haemonchus larvae was observed after treatment with ivermectin, followed by albendazole and levamisole. This study revealed the existence of gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep that present multiple resistance to all three main classes of anthelmintic drugs.

Anthelmintic efficacy in strongyles of horses in Northern Minas Gerais, Brazil.

The intensive use of anthelmintics has resulted in resistant parasite populations in horses. The objective of this trial was to evaluate the anthelmintic efficacies of the anthelmintics fenbendazole, ivermectin and abamectin in 24 horse farms in Northern Minas Gerais. Egg counts per gram of faeces (EPG) were performed individually in 619 animals. Animals presenting EPG counts greater than or equal to 150 were used in the tests on faecal egg count reduction (FECR), totalling 436 equines. These animals received the anthelmintics, fenbendazole, ivermectin, and abamectin. Faeces were collected 14 days after the administration of anthelmintics to perform the EPG. Pre- and post-treatment EPG counts were used to calculate the FECR for each anthelmintic group, and faecal culture was used to identificy of the strongyles. The resistance status was evaluated based on the FECR and LCL95%. Fenbendazole was effective in 11 (45.8%) of the horse farms. Ivermectin was effective in 17 (77.3%) and abamectin in 17 (74%) of the farms; side-resistance was detected in 3 (12.5%) of the farms. Intestinal strongyle resistance to anthelmintics was observed in 14 (58.3%) of the farms. Cyathostomin larvae were found in 100% of the farms, Strongylus vulgaris in 13 (54.2%), and S. equinus in 3 (12.5%). Only cyathostomins larvae were detected post-treatment with ivermectin and abamectin.

Mineral content of longissimus lumborum from growing lambs fed crude glycerin.

The objective of the study was to evaluate whether crude glycerin (CG), which was supplied as a dietary ingredient for growing lambs, affected the macro- and micromineral contents of the longissimus lumborum (LL). Twenty-four lambs were placed in two treatments: animals that received no CG and animals that received CG as part of their diet. The experiment lasted for 56 days. The phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium and chromium contents in the LLs of the lambs were not significantly different between the groups. Cadmium, nickel and lead were not detected in the LLs of lambs fed CG. The zinc, iron and copper contents decreased in the LLs of lambs fed CG (approximately 10%, 14%, and 30%, respectively) (P ≤ .03). The sodium content in the LLs increased with the inclusion of CG in the diet (11%) (P = .029). We concluded that the zinc, iron and copper contents decreased in the LLs of the lambs fed CG and sodium content increased.

Stress in dogs during grooming in a pet shop

The objective was to study the stress level in dogs during grooming services in a pet shop. A total of 55 grooming services carried out in a pet shop in the city of Janaúba, MG, were evaluated and divided into four categories according to sex and body weight. The flowchart of the grooming process contained six steps that began with the transportation of dogs to the pet shop and finished with their return to the place of origin. Behavioral, physiological, and blood component evaluations were performed at different steps of the process. Changes in dog behavior and physiological parameters were observed primarily upon arrival at the pet shop and during drying. Employee characteristics also influenced dogs' behaviors. However, dogs were able to thermoregulate and maintain the homeostasis of leukocytes, glucose and cortisol in the blood.(AU)

Characterization of carcasses of Zebu cattle raised in a semiarid region according to sex

The objective was to group and characterize Zebu cattle carcasses according to sex. Data from 15,002 carcasses of cattle raised in the semiarid region of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, were used. The carcass characteristics analyzed were weight, conformation, subcutaneous fat, number of permanent incisor teeth (PIT), and sex (uncastrated males, castrated males, females (up to six PIT), and cows (eight PIT)). Cluster analysis was applied to establish the relationship between sex and carcass characteristics. Four clusters were identified according to sex, and 60% of the total variance in the data set is explained by the clusters. Uncastrated males appear together in a single group (Cluster 1), which demonstrates homogeneity in their carcass characteristics. The heaviest group was Cluster 1. The castrated males appear in three groups, some of them (33.58%) grouped with the majority of cows (92.85%), which indicates that these carcasses did not achieve the quality required by the industry. Another part of the castrated males (41.84%) presented characteristics required by the industry. The females appear in all clusters. Except for uncastrated males and cows, the effect of sex (castrated males and females) on the carcass characteristics of Zebu cattle from the semiarid region of the Minas Gerais does not assure similar characteristics. Therefore, the improvement of carcass quality, using castration as the central grading criterion, should be reviewed not to overemphasize this item.(AU)

Prevalence and geographical distribution of bovine cysticercosis in the mesoregion of Northern Minas Gerais / Prevalência e distribuição geográfica de cisticercose bovina na mesorregião do Norte de Minas Gerais

The knowledge of the prevalence of bovine cysticercosis is important for the implementation of control programs. The objective was to evaluate the prevalence and geographical distribution of bovine cysticercosis in Northern Minas Gerais. For that, 14,556 cattle were evaluated during the federal post-mortem inspection in 27 municipalities of five microregions: Janaúba, Montes Claros, Januária, Pirapora and Bocaiúva. The prevalence of Cysticercus bovis was 1.03% with distribution in all microregions evaluated of the northern Minas Gerais. All municipalities with a sampling number of cattle slaughtered above 543 showed positive animals for cysticercosis. The microregions of Bocaiúva, Montes Claros, Janaúba, Januária and Pirapora presented a prevalence of cysticercosis at 2.11%, 1.17%, 1.01%, 0.90% and 0.56%, respectively. The microregions of Montes Claros and Januária presented a greater chance of finding positive cattle for cysticercosis. As there are positive cases of cysticercosis in all microregions evaluated, there is a risk to human health.(AU)

O conhecimento da prevalência da cisticercose bovina é importante para a implementação de programas de controle. Objetivou-se avaliar a prevalência e a distribuição geográfica de cisticercose bovina no Norte de Minas Gerais. Para isso, avaliou-se 14556 bovinos durante a inspeção federal post mortem provenientes de 27 municípios de cinco microrregiões: Janaúba, Montes Claros, Januária, Pirapora e Bocaiúva. A prevalência de Cysticercus bovis foi de 1,03% e está distribuída geograficamente em todas as microrregiões avaliadas do Norte de Minas Gerais avaliadas. Todos os municípios com número amostral de bovinos abatidos acima de 543 apresentaram animais positivos para cisticercose. As microrregiões de Bocaiúva, Montes Claros, Janaúba, Januária e Pirapora apresentaram prevalência de cisticercose de 2,11%, 1,17%, 1,01%, 0,90% e 0,56%, respectivamente. As microrregiões de Montes Claros e Januária apresentaram maior chance de se encontrar bovinos positivos para cisticercose. Como há casos positivos de cisticercose em todas as microrregiões avaliadas, há risco a saúde dos seres humanos.(AU)

Prevalence and geographical distribution of bovine cysticercosis in the mesoregion of Northern Minas Gerais / Prevalência e distribuição geográfica de cisticercose bovina na mesorregião do Norte de Minas Gerais

The knowledge of the prevalence of bovine cysticercosis is important for the implementation of control programs. The objective was to evaluate the prevalence and geographical distribution of bovine cysticercosis in Northern Minas Gerais. For that, 14,556 cattle were evaluated during the federal post-mortem inspection in 27 municipalities of five microregions: Janaúba, Montes Claros, Januária, Pirapora and Bocaiúva. The prevalence of Cysticercus bovis was 1.03% with distribution in all microregions evaluated of the northern Minas Gerais. All municipalities with a sampling number of cattle slaughtered above 543 showed positive animals for cysticercosis. The microregions of Bocaiúva, Montes Claros, Janaúba, Januária and Pirapora presented a prevalence of cysticercosis at 2.11%, 1.17%, 1.01%, 0.90% and 0.56%, respectively. The microregions of Montes Claros and Januária presented a greater chance of finding positive cattle for cysticercosis. As there are positive cases of cysticercosis in all microregions evaluated, there is a risk to human health.

O conhecimento da prevalência da cisticercose bovina é importante para a implementação de programas de controle. Objetivou-se avaliar a prevalência e a distribuição geográfica de cisticercose bovina no Norte de Minas Gerais. Para isso, avaliou-se 14556 bovinos durante a inspeção federal post mortem provenientes de 27 municípios de cinco microrregiões: Janaúba, Montes Claros, Januária, Pirapora e Bocaiúva. A prevalência de Cysticercus bovis foi de 1,03% e está distribuída geograficamente em todas as microrregiões avaliadas do Norte de Minas Gerais avaliadas. Todos os municípios com número amostral de bovinos abatidos acima de 543 apresentaram animais positivos para cisticercose. As microrregiões de Bocaiúva, Montes Claros, Janaúba, Januária e Pirapora apresentaram prevalência de cisticercose de 2,11%, 1,17%, 1,01%, 0,90% e 0,56%, respectivamente. As microrregiões de Montes Claros e Januária apresentaram maior chance de se encontrar bovinos positivos para cisticercose. Como há casos positivos de cisticercose em todas as microrregiões avaliadas, há risco a saúde dos seres humanos.

Effect of climatic conditions on the occurrence of sheep endoparasites / Efeito das condições climáticas na ocorrência de endoparasitos de ovinos

This study evaluated the effect of climatic conditions on the occurrence of Eimeria sp., strongylids and Moniezia sp. by analyzing the excretion of eggs and oocysts in the feces of sheep. In all, 3,509 coproparasitological examinations were performed after the monthly collection of feces of 121 sheep for 29 months. The meteorological data collected were rainfall, insolation, evapotranspiration, relative humidity, and temperature. Principal component analysis was performed to summarize the number of climatic variables. To evaluate the climatic vectors that influenced the variables, Eimeria sp., strongylids and Moniezia sp., a spatial projection of the ordination of vectors on the first two principal components was performed. To evaluate the mean values of the variables, Eimeria sp., strongylids and Moniezia sp., a cluster analysis was performed (k-means clustering), according to the categories. An association of Eimeria sp. and strongylids with relative humidity and rainfall was observed. Moniezia sp. was also related to the minimum temperature. The prevalence of Moniezia sp. was the least affected by relative humidity, rainfall, insolation, and evapotranspiration. The highest counts of endoparasites were observed in the offspring category and in the months of higher rainfall.

Este estudo avaliou o efeito das condições climáticas na ocorrência de Eimeria sp., e strongilídeos e Moniezia sp. analisando a eliminação de ovos e oocistos nas fezes de ovinos. Ao todo, 3.509 exames coproparasitológicos foram realizados após a coleta mensal de fezes de 121 ovinos durante 29 meses. Os dados meteorológicos coletados foram precipitação, insolação, evapotranspiração, umidade relativa e temperatura. A análise de componentes principais foi realizada para resumir o número de variáveis climáticas. Para avaliar os vetores climáticos que influenciaram as variáveis, Eimeria sp., estrongilídeos e Moniezia sp., foi realizada uma projeção espacial da ordenação dos vetores nos dois primeiros componentes principais. Para avaliar os valores médios das variáveis, Eimeria sp., estrongilídeos e Moniezia sp., foi realizada uma análise de agrupamento (k-means clustering) de acordo com as categorias. Uma associação de Eimeria sp. e estrongilídeos com umidade relativa e precipitação foi observada. Moniezia sp. foi relacionada à temperatura mínima. A prevalência de Moniezia sp. foi a menos afetada pela umidade relativa, precipitação, insolação e evapotranspiração. As maiores contagens de endoparasitas foram observadas na categoria de criase nos meses de maior pluviosidade.

Relationship between early finishing and reduced prevalence of cysticercosis in cattle / Relação da precocidade de terminação e a redução da prevalência de cisticercose em bovinos

This study aimed to group cattle carcasses with similar characteristics to assess the group-specific prevalence of cysticercosis using data from the slaughter of 15,002 cattle. The following variables were recorded: carcass weight, cover fat, individual age, and prevalence of cysticercosis. A k-means clustering method was used to examine the relationship between carcass characteristics and the prevalence of cysticercosis. We did not specify the number of clusters before the analyses but used automatic methods based on a cross-validation to select the best-fitting clusters. One of the three produced clusters included carcass weight, cover fat, and age, as desired by the Brazilian meat industry. This cluster showed a reduced prevalence of cysticercosis (P = 0.0147) and earlier finishing compared with the other groups. In conclusion, earlier finishing seems to be associated with a lower prevalence of bovine cysticercosis.

Este estudo objetivou agrupar carcaças de bovinos com características semelhantes para avaliar a prevalência de cisticercose específica do grupo, utilizando dados do abate de 15.002 bovinos. As seguintes variáveis foram registradas: peso de carcaça, gordura de cobertura, idade individual e prevalência de cisticercose. Um método de agrupamento k-means foi usado para examinar a relação das características de carcaça e a prevalência de cisticercose. Não se especificou o número de clusters antes das análises, utilizaram-se métodos automáticos com base em uma validação cruzada para selecionar os clusters mais adequados. Um dos três clusters produzidos possuiu peso de carcaça, gordura de cobertura e idade, conforme desejado pela indústria de carnes brasileira. Este cluster mostrou uma menor prevalência de cisticercose (P = 0,0147) e maior precocidade de terminação em comparação com os outros grupos. Conclui-se que a precocidade de terminação está associada a uma menor prevalência de cisticercose bovina.

Relationship between early finishing and reduced prevalence of cysticercosis in cattle / Relação da precocidade de terminação e a redução da prevalência de cisticercose em bovinos

This study aimed to group cattle carcasses with similar characteristics to assess the group-specific prevalence of cysticercosis using data from the slaughter of 15,002 cattle. The following variables were recorded: carcass weight, cover fat, individual age, and prevalence of cysticercosis. A k-means clustering method was used to examine the relationship between carcass characteristics and the prevalence of cysticercosis. We did not specify the number of clusters before the analyses but used automatic methods based on a cross-validation to select the best-fitting clusters. One of the three produced clusters included carcass weight, cover fat, and age, as desired by the Brazilian meat industry. This cluster showed a reduced prevalence of cysticercosis (P = 0.0147) and earlier finishing compared with the other groups. In conclusion, earlier finishing seems to be associated with a lower prevalence of bovine cysticercosis.(AU)

Este estudo objetivou agrupar carcaças de bovinos com características semelhantes para avaliar a prevalência de cisticercose específica do grupo, utilizando dados do abate de 15.002 bovinos. As seguintes variáveis foram registradas: peso de carcaça, gordura de cobertura, idade individual e prevalência de cisticercose. Um método de agrupamento k-means foi usado para examinar a relação das características de carcaça e a prevalência de cisticercose. Não se especificou o número de clusters antes das análises, utilizaram-se métodos automáticos com base em uma validação cruzada para selecionar os clusters mais adequados. Um dos três clusters produzidos possuiu peso de carcaça, gordura de cobertura e idade, conforme desejado pela indústria de carnes brasileira. Este cluster mostrou uma menor prevalência de cisticercose (P = 0,0147) e maior precocidade de terminação em comparação com os outros grupos. Conclui-se que a precocidade de terminação está associada a uma menor prevalência de cisticercose bovina.(AU)

Effect of climatic conditions on the occurrence of sheep endoparasites / Efeito das condições climáticas na ocorrência de endoparasitos de ovinos

This study evaluated the effect of climatic conditions on the occurrence of Eimeria sp., strongylids and Moniezia sp. by analyzing the excretion of eggs and oocysts in the feces of sheep. In all, 3,509 coproparasitological examinations were performed after the monthly collection of feces of 121 sheep for 29 months. The meteorological data collected were rainfall, insolation, evapotranspiration, relative humidity, and temperature. Principal component analysis was performed to summarize the number of climatic variables. To evaluate the climatic vectors that influenced the variables, Eimeria sp., strongylids and Moniezia sp., a spatial projection of the ordination of vectors on the first two principal components was performed. To evaluate the mean values of the variables, Eimeria sp., strongylids and Moniezia sp., a cluster analysis was performed (k-means clustering), according to the categories. An association of Eimeria sp. and strongylids with relative humidity and rainfall was observed. Moniezia sp. was also related to the minimum temperature. The prevalence of Moniezia sp. was the least affected by relative humidity, rainfall, insolation, and evapotranspiration. The highest counts of endoparasites were observed in the offspring category and in the months of higher rainfall.(AU)

Este estudo avaliou o efeito das condições climáticas na ocorrência de Eimeria sp., e strongilídeos e Moniezia sp. analisando a eliminação de ovos e oocistos nas fezes de ovinos. Ao todo, 3.509 exames coproparasitológicos foram realizados após a coleta mensal de fezes de 121 ovinos durante 29 meses. Os dados meteorológicos coletados foram precipitação, insolação, evapotranspiração, umidade relativa e temperatura. A análise de componentes principais foi realizada para resumir o número de variáveis climáticas. Para avaliar os vetores climáticos que influenciaram as variáveis, Eimeria sp., estrongilídeos e Moniezia sp., foi realizada uma projeção espacial da ordenação dos vetores nos dois primeiros componentes principais. Para avaliar os valores médios das variáveis, Eimeria sp., estrongilídeos e Moniezia sp., foi realizada uma análise de agrupamento (k-means clustering) de acordo com as categorias. Uma associação de Eimeria sp. e estrongilídeos com umidade relativa e precipitação foi observada. Moniezia sp. foi relacionada à temperatura mínima. A prevalência de Moniezia sp. foi a menos afetada pela umidade relativa, precipitação, insolação e evapotranspiração. As maiores contagens de endoparasitas foram observadas na categoria de criase nos meses de maior pluviosidade.(AU)

Meat cuts and non-carcass of sheep finished on pasture with different levels of supplementation / Cortes cárneos e constituintes não-carcaça de ovelhas terminadas em pasto com teores diferentes de suplementação

This study aimed to evaluate the yield of meat cuts and other body components of sheep kept on pasture Panicum maximum, Massai cultivar, fed increasing amounts of concentrate. The animals were divided into four treatments according to the concentrate intake in relation to body weight (zero, 0.7, 1.4 and 2.1%). After slaughter of the sheep, the weights of non-hollow viscera (tongue, lung, liver, diaphragm, kidney and spleen), hollow ones (trachea, esophagus, heart, gallbladder, bladder, rumen, omasum, abomasum, small and larger intestines), other components (blood, skin, feet, head, tail and mammary gland) and fat in the viscera (omental, mesenteric, perirenal and cavity). In carcasses, the commercial cuts were made (shoulder, ribs, loin, leg, and neck). The cuts except the neck, did not alter their weights, however, there were changes in their proportions. Only the percentage of loin did not change. With the intake of 1.42% in concentrate for body weight, there was an increase of ribs over the leg. The total weight of the non-carcass did not change, however, there was variations in its proportion. Amongst the most noticeable changes is the amount of visceral fat, which greatly increased when the sheep ingested 1.35% in concentrate for body weight. Therefore, concentrate intake by culling ewes does not increase mass commercial cuts. The proportions of commercial cuts and other body constituents change diffusely. With the maturity has been reached, the observed weight gain is, in most cases, result of increased visceral fat.(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar o rendimento dos cortes cárneos e os demais constituintes corporais de ovelhas mantidas em pasto Panicum maximum, cultivar Massai, consumindo quantidades crescentes de concentrado. Os animais foram distribuídos em quatro tratamentos de acordo com a ingestão de  concentrado (panícula de sorgo, farelo de soja, ureia e sal mineralizado) em relação ao peso corporal (zero; 0,7; 1,4 e 2,1%). Após o abate das ovelhas, realizaram-se as pesagens das vísceras não-ocas (língua, pulmão, fígado, diafragma, rins e baço), ocas (traqueia, esôfago, coração, vesícula, bexiga, rúmen, omaso, abomaso, intestinos delgado e grosso), outros componentes (sangue, pele, pés, cabeça, cauda e glândula mamária) e gorduras nas vísceras (omental, mesentérica, perirrenal e cavitária). Nas carcaças, realizaram-se os cortes comerciais (paleta, costelas, lombo, perna e pescoço). Os cortes, com exceção do pescoço, não mudaram seus pesos, contudo, houve alterações nas suas proporções. Somente a porcentagem de lombo não mudou. Com a ingestão de 1,42% em concentrado do peso corporal, houve aumento de costelas em detrimento da perna. O peso total dos constituintes não-carcaça não mudou, no entanto, houve alterações em sua proporção. Dentre as mudanças mais visíveis está o total de gordura nas vísceras, que aumentou grandemente quando as ovelhas ingeriram 1,35% em concentrado do peso corporal. Portanto, a ingestão de concentrado por ovelhas de descarte não incrementa massa aos cortes comerciais. As proporções dos cortes comerciais e demais constituintes corporais mudam difusamente. Com a maturidade já atingida, o ganho em peso observado é, na maioria dos casos, resultado do aumento da gordura visceral.(AU)

Weight gain, carcass and meat traits of ewes finished on pasture with different levels supplementation / Ganho em peso, características de carcaça e carne de ovelhas terminadas em pasto com teores diferentes de suplementação

This work was carried out in order to evaluate weight gain and carcass and meat traits of culling ewes kept on grass Panicum maximum cultivar Massai, consuming different levels of concentrate. The design was entirely at random and females were distributed into four treatments, zero, 0.7, 1.4 and 2.1% of its body weight in concentrate supplementation consumed. The females were slaughtered at eighty days of the experiment. We measured the weight gain of animals and carcass and meat traits. The data were interpreted after analysis of variance and regression (P 0.0500). The maximum weight gain was observed with intake of 1.49% concentrate as a function of body weight, point closed to which it was obtained the best feed conversion. However, the cost benefit was better with intake of 0.62% concentrate depending on the body weight. Carcasses did not show changes, and the gain in body weight was obtained in visceral fat. Meat showed lower ultimate pH and lower losses during cooking when the culling ewes consumed more concentrates. All treatments possessed tender meats, however, its color was found in the bottom limit of the normal range of specie.

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o ganho em peso e as características de carcaça e carne de ovelhas de descarte mantidas em pasto de Panicum maximum, cultivar Massai, consumindo diferentes teores de concentrado. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado e as fêmeas foram distribuídas em quatro tratamentos, zero; 0,7; 1,4 e 2,1% do seu peso vivo em suplementação concentrada. Ao final de oitenta dias de experimento no campo, as fêmeas foram abatidas. Mediu-se o ganho em peso dos animais e as características das carcaças e das carnes. Os dados foram interpretados após análises de variância e regressão (P<0,0500). O ganho em peso máximo foi obtido com a ingestão de 1,49% de concentrado em função do peso vivo, ponto próximo no qual se obteve melhor conversão alimentar. Contudo, a relação custo benefício foi melhor com a ingestão próxima a 0,62% de concentrado em função do peso vivo. As carcaças não apresentaram modificações e o ganho em peso corporal foi obtido em gordura nas vísceras. As carnes apresentaram menor pH final quando as ovelhas consumiram mais concentrado. As perdas durante o cozimento foram menores com a ingestão de 2,0% do peso vivo em concentrado proteico. As carnes de todos os tratamentos foram consideradas macias, contudo, a sua coloração encontrou-se no limite inferior da faixa normal da espécie.

Weight gain, carcass and meat traits of ewes finished on pasture with different levels supplementation / Ganho em peso, características de carcaça e carne de ovelhas terminadas em pasto com teores diferentes de suplementação

This work was carried out in order to evaluate weight gain and carcass and meat traits of culling ewes kept on grass Panicum maximum cultivar Massai, consuming different levels of concentrate. The design was entirely at random and females were distributed into four treatments, zero, 0.7, 1.4 and 2.1% of its body weight in concentrate supplementation consumed. The females were slaughtered at eighty days of the experiment. We measured the weight gain of animals and carcass and meat traits. The data were interpreted after analysis of variance and regression (P 0.0500). The maximum weight gain was observed with intake of 1.49% concentrate as a function of body weight, point closed to which it was obtained the best feed conversion. However, the cost benefit was better with intake of 0.62% concentrate depending on the body weight. Carcasses did not show changes, and the gain in body weight was obtained in visceral fat. Meat showed lower ultimate pH and lower losses during cooking when the culling ewes consumed more concentrates. All treatments possessed tender meats, however, its color was found in the bottom limit of the normal range of specie.(AU)

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o ganho em peso e as características de carcaça e carne de ovelhas de descarte mantidas em pasto de Panicum maximum, cultivar Massai, consumindo diferentes teores de concentrado. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado e as fêmeas foram distribuídas em quatro tratamentos, zero; 0,7; 1,4 e 2,1% do seu peso vivo em suplementação concentrada. Ao final de oitenta dias de experimento no campo, as fêmeas foram abatidas. Mediu-se o ganho em peso dos animais e as características das carcaças e das carnes. Os dados foram interpretados após análises de variância e regressão (P<0,0500). O ganho em peso máximo foi obtido com a ingestão de 1,49% de concentrado em função do peso vivo, ponto próximo no qual se obteve melhor conversão alimentar. Contudo, a relação custo benefício foi melhor com a ingestão próxima a 0,62% de concentrado em função do peso vivo. As carcaças não apresentaram modificações e o ganho em peso corporal foi obtido em gordura nas vísceras. As carnes apresentaram menor pH final quando as ovelhas consumiram mais concentrado. As perdas durante o cozimento foram menores com a ingestão de 2,0% do peso vivo em concentrado proteico. As carnes de todos os tratamentos foram consideradas macias, contudo, a sua coloração encontrou-se no limite inferior da faixa normal da espécie.(AU)

Meat cuts and non-carcass of sheep finished on pasture with different levels of supplementation / Cortes cárneos e constituintes não-carcaça de ovelhas terminadas em pasto com teores diferentes de suplementação

This study aimed to evaluate the yield of meat cuts and other body components of sheep kept on pasture Panicum maximum, Massai cultivar, fed increasing amounts of concentrate. The animals were divided into four treatments according to the concentrate intake in relation to body weight (zero, 0.7, 1.4 and 2.1%). After slaughter of the sheep, the weights of non-hollow viscera (tongue, lung, liver, diaphragm, kidney and spleen), hollow ones (trachea, esophagus, heart, gallbladder, bladder, rumen, omasum, abomasum, small and larger intestines), other components (blood, skin, feet, head, tail and mammary gland) and fat in the viscera (omental, mesenteric, perirenal and cavity). In carcasses, the commercial cuts were made (shoulder, ribs, loin, leg, and neck). The cuts except the neck, did not alter their weights, however, there were changes in their proportions. Only the percentage of loin did not change. With the intake of 1.42% in concentrate for body weight, there was an increase of ribs over the leg. The total weight of the non-carcass did not change, however, there was variations in its proportion. Amongst the most noticeable changes is the amount of visceral fat, which greatly increased when the sheep ingested 1.35% in concentrate for body weight. Therefore, concentrate intake by culling ewes does not increase mass commercial cuts. The proportions of commercial cuts and other body constituents change diffusely. With the maturity has been reached, the observed weight gain is, in most cases, result of increased visceral fat.

Objetivou-se avaliar o rendimento dos cortes cárneos e os demais constituintes corporais de ovelhas mantidas em pasto Panicum maximum, cultivar Massai, consumindo quantidades crescentes de concentrado. Os animais foram distribuídos em quatro tratamentos de acordo com a ingestão de  concentrado (panícula de sorgo, farelo de soja, ureia e sal mineralizado) em relação ao peso corporal (zero; 0,7; 1,4 e 2,1%). Após o abate das ovelhas, realizaram-se as pesagens das vísceras não-ocas (língua, pulmão, fígado, diafragma, rins e baço), ocas (traqueia, esôfago, coração, vesícula, bexiga, rúmen, omaso, abomaso, intestinos delgado e grosso), outros componentes (sangue, pele, pés, cabeça, cauda e glândula mamária) e gorduras nas vísceras (omental, mesentérica, perirrenal e cavitária). Nas carcaças, realizaram-se os cortes comerciais (paleta, costelas, lombo, perna e pescoço). Os cortes, com exceção do pescoço, não mudaram seus pesos, contudo, houve alterações nas suas proporções. Somente a porcentagem de lombo não mudou. Com a ingestão de 1,42% em concentrado do peso corporal, houve aumento de costelas em detrimento da perna. O peso total dos constituintes não-carcaça não mudou, no entanto, houve alterações em sua proporção. Dentre as mudanças mais visíveis está o total de gordura nas vísceras, que aumentou grandemente quando as ovelhas ingeriram 1,35% em concentrado do peso corporal. Portanto, a ingestão de concentrado por ovelhas de descarte não incrementa massa aos cortes comerciais. As proporções dos cortes comerciais e demais constituintes corporais mudam difusamente. Com a maturidade já atingida, o ganho em peso observado é, na maioria dos casos, resultado do aumento da gordura visceral.