Antimicrobial resistance profile of non-aureus Staphylococci isolates from buffalo, goat and sheep mastitis in the Northeast region of Brazil.

The study described in this Research Communication investigated the genotypic and phenotypic profiles of resistance to beta-lactams and other antimicrobials in non-aureus Staphylococci (NAS) isolated from buffalo, goat and sheep mastitis in the Northeast region of Brazil. A total of 190 isolates were analyzed and 42.3, 43.9 and 23.6% of them were positive for blaZ gene in buffalo, goat and sheep, respectively. Regarding the animal groups, in goats, amoxicillin was the antimicrobial with highest resistance index (72.7%), followed by penicillin G in buffaloes (51.9%) and ampicillin in sheep (43.1%). With regard to multiple antimicrobial resistance, 30.8% of NAS isolates from buffalo milk samples, 25.8% from goats and 25.0% from sheep presented multidrug-resistance. In the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) technique, amoxicillin MIC50 and MIC90 were 64 and 128 µg/ml, respectively, among isolates of the three animal species. In conclusion, high rates of resistance to beta-lactams are presented among NAS isolated from mastitis cases in buffaloes, goats and sheep in Northeast region of Brazil. These results provide an alert to animal and human health researchers, suggesting that the frequency of NAS needs to be reduced because they carry resistance genes which might increase the existing levels of antimicrobial resistance.

Occurrence of IgG antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, and Leptospira spp. in goats and sheep from an indigenous village in Pernambuco, Brazil.

This study aimed to determine the occurrence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, and Leptospira spp. antibodies in sheep and goats raised in villages of the Xukuru do Ororubá indigenous community, Pernambuco, Brazil. A total of 180 serum samples from sheep and 108 serum samples from goats of both sexes and different ages were analyzed. For antibody research, indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) were used for the protozoa T. gondii and N. caninum, and microscopic agglutination test (MAT) for Leptospira spp., with a cutoff titer of 1:64, 1:50 and 1:100, respectively. The frequency of anti-T. gondii antibodies was 16.6% (30/180) for sheep and 11.1% (12/108) for goats. The frequency of anti-N. caninum antibodies was 10.55% (19/180) for sheep, and 20.37% (22/108) for goats, while for Leptospira spp., 2.2% (4/180) of sheep and 1.85% (2/108) of goats reacted positively. The results obtained in this study are unprecedented in indigenous communities in the country and serve as an alert for monitoring goats and sheep from the Xukuru do Ororubá indigenous village regarding the occurrence and productive impact of infections by T. gondii, N. caninum, and Leptospira spp., in addition to the occurrence of the zoonosis toxoplasmosis and leptospirosis in the indigenous community.

Occurrence of Apicomplexa protozoa in wild birds in the Northeast region of Brazil.

Protozoa of the Apicomplexa phylum are worldwide distributed with capacity to infect endothermic animals. The study of these protozoa in wild birds in Brazil is scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of apicomplexan protozoa in wild birds in the Northeast of Brazil. From October to December 2019, brain tissue samples were collected from 71 captive birds from the Wild Animal Screening Center of the Pernambuco State (CETRAS-Tangara) and 25 free-living birds from the Caatinga biome in Rio Grande do Norte, totaling 96 animals (41 species). Brain fragments were subjected to molecular diagnosis by nested PCR for the 18s rDNA gene of Apicomplexa parasites, followed by DNA sequencing. This gene was detected in 25% (24/96) of the samples, and it was possible to perform DNA sequencing of 14 samples, confirming three genera: Isospora, Sarcocystis and Toxoplasma from eight bird species (Amazona aestiva, Coereba flaveola, Egretta thula, Paroaria dominicana, Sporophila nigricollis, Cariama cristata, Columbina talpacoti, Crypturellus parvirostris). The occurrence these coccidia in wild birds provides important epidemiological information for the adoption of preventive measures for its conservation. Future studies are needed to better understand the consequence of Apicomplexa infection in birds in Caatinga and Atlantic Forest biomes.

Seroprevalence, spatial distribution and risk factors associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection among cattle in a quilombola community in the Brazilian cerrado.

Little is known about Toxoplasma gondii infection among cattle living in the Cerrado (Brazilian savanna) biome in Brazil. In particular, there is no epidemiological data relating to infection in quilombo lands, i.e. areas settled by Afro-descendants of escaped slaves. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, spatial distribution and risk factors associated with T. gondii infection among cattle in the Kalunga quilombo, in the Cerrado biome. Blood samples were collected from 1533 cattle for antibody detection using the indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT). The study area was subdivided into five macroregions to determine the spatial distribution of infection. An objective questionnaire was applied to the cattle owners to evaluate risk factors, which were analyzed using univariate analysis and logistic regression. The prevalence of T. gondii infection among cattle was 8.93% (137/1533), and antibodies were found in 49.6% of the herds (66/133), in all macroregions. The risk factors associated with T. gondii infection in cattle were the following: number of animals in the herd (OR: 30.56), purchase of cattle (OR: 2.57), age group (OR: 1.95) and average annual temperature (OR: 1.77). Thus, the occurrence rate, spatial distribution and risk factors associated with T. gondii infection among cattle in the Kalunga quilombola community are documented here, for the first time.

Prevalence and associated factors with Neospora caninum infection in female water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) from Pernambuco, Brazil.

Neosporosis is one of the major parasitic diseases that causes reproductive problems, making it a limitation for optimal efficiency in livestock. The aim of the present study was to conduct a seroepidemiological survey for bubaline neosporosis and to analyse associated factors associated with N. caninum infection in female water buffaloes in the State of Pernambuco, northeast Brazil. The prevalence of N. caninum infection in the bubaline herds examined was 35.4% (122/345; 95% CI: 30.4%-40.7%), at least 1 Neospora-positive animal was found in each farm. Associated factors for N. caninum infection identified in this study were exclusive pasture feeding (OR: 5.91, p <0.001) and purchase of animals of free fair and from reputable sellers (OR: 1.85; p =0.045). In this survey, we document the occurrence of neosporosis in female water buffaloes. Associated factors should be controlled in order to reduce the risk of N. caninum infection in these herds.

Occurrence of serological reactions for serogroup Sejroe (CTG and Prajtino) in female buffalo in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies in female buffalo in the state of Pernambuco. A total of 123 female buffalo blood samples were collected from five properties distributed in the state of Pernambuco. The microscopic agglutination test was used to study anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies. The occurrence of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies was 28.5% (35/123; CI 20.7-37.3%) and on different properties, the occurrence ranged from 28.6% to 80.0%, with 100% of the properties showing animals with positive results. The serovars of the serogroup Sejroe with a higher incidence were Hardjoprajtino (CTG strain, 49.1%) and Hardjo (Prajtino genotype, 43.2%), followed by serogroup Grippotyphosa with the Grippotyphosa serovar (3.9%), serogroup Pomona with the Pomona serovar (1.9%), and the Icterohaemorrhagiae serovar Copenhageni (1.9%). This was the first record of the occurrence of anti-Lepstospira spp. antibodies in female buffalo in the state of Pernambuco. Control measures are necessary to prevent health and economic losses, given that the agent involved affects animal reproduction, triggering drops in conception rates or even clinical cases of abortion.

Prevalence and risk factors associated with Tritrichomonas foetus infection in cattle in the state of Paraíba, Brazil.

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Tritrichomonas foetus infection and to evaluate risk factors associated with this infection among cattle in the state of Paraíba in northeastern Brazil. Samples of cervicovaginal mucus from 290 females and smegma from 59 males [beef, 31; mixed aptitude (beef and dairy), 10; and dairy, 18] from 31 farms were collected. Modified Diamond's medium and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used for the laboratory diagnosis of T. foetus infection. Univariate analysis and logistic regression were performed to test for potential risk factors in addition to prevalence mapping. No sample was positive for T. foetus in culture, and the prevalence of T. foetus infection using PCR was 3.7% (13/349) [confidence interval (CI) 95%, 2.1%-6.4%]. In total, 19.3% (6/31) of the farms had at least one animal positive for T. foetus. The contact of females with males from other farms [Odds ratio, 5.9; 95% CI, 1.5-22.4; p = 0.009] was identified as a risk factor for T. foetus infection. This study demonstrates that T. foetus infection is prevalent among dairy cows in the state of Paraíba, Brazil. Sexual resting, removal of positive females, and avoiding contact of females with males from other farms are recommended to reduce the risk of infection.

Occurrence of Apicomplexa protozoa in wild birds in the Northeast region of Brazil / Ocorrência de protozoários Apicomplexa em aves silvestres na região Nordeste do Brasil

Protozoa of the Apicomplexa phylum are worldwide distributed with capacity to infect endothermic animals. The study of these protozoa in wild birds in Brazil is scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of apicomplexan protozoa in wild birds in the Northeast of Brazil. From October to December 2019, brain tissue samples were collected from 71 captive birds from the Wild Animal Screening Center of the Pernambuco State (CETRAS-Tangara) and 25 free-living birds from the Caatinga biome in Rio Grande do Norte, totaling 96 animals (41 species). Brain fragments were subjected to molecular diagnosis by nested PCR for the 18s rDNA gene of Apicomplexa parasites, followed by DNA sequencing. This gene was detected in 25% (24/96) of the samples, and it was possible to perform DNA sequencing of 14 samples, confirming three genera: Isospora, Sarcocystis and Toxoplasma from eight bird species (Amazona aestiva, Coereba flaveola, Egretta thula, Paroaria dominicana, Sporophila nigricollis, Cariama cristata, Columbina talpacoti, Crypturellus parvirostris). The occurrence these coccidia in wild birds provides important epidemiological information for the adoption of preventive measures for its conservation. Future studies are needed to better understand the consequence of Apicomplexa infection in birds in Caatinga and Atlantic Forest biomes.(AU)

Protozoários do filo Apicomplexa são distribuídos mundialmente e com capacidade de infectar animais endotérmicos. O estudo destes protozoários, em aves silvestres do Brasil, é escasso. Objetivou-se avaliar a ocorrência de protozoários Apicomplexa em aves silvestres na região Nordeste do Brasil. De outubro a dezembro de 2019, foram coletadas amostras de encéfalo de 71 aves de cativeiro do Centro de Triagem e Reabilitação de Animais Silvestres de Pernambuco (CETRAS-Tangara). E 25 aves de vida livre do bioma Caatinga no Rio Grande do Norte, totalizando 96 animais (41 espécies). Os fragmentos de encéfalo foram submetidos ao diagnóstico molecular por nested PCR, para o gene 18s rDNA de protozoários Apicomplexa, seguido por sequenciamento do DNA. Este gene foi detectado em 25% (24/96) das amostras analisadas; foi possível realizar o sequenciamento de 14 amostras, confirmando-se três gêneros: Isospora, Sarcocystis e Toxoplasma em oito espécies de aves (Amazona aestiva, Coereba flaveola, Egretta thula, Paroaria dominicana, Sporophila nigricollis, Cariama cristata, Columbina talpacoti, Crypturellus parvirostris). A ocorrência destes coccídios nas aves silvestres fornece informações epidemiológicas importantes para a adoção de medidas preventivas tendo em vista sua conservação. Estudos futuros são necessários para melhor compreensão da consequência da infecção por Apicomplexa, em aves silvestres dos biomas Caatinga e Floresta Atlântica.(AU)

Occurrence of IgG antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, and Leptospira spp. in goats and sheep from an indigenous village in Pernambuco, Brazil / Ocorrência de anticorpos IgG contra Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum e Leptospira spp. em caprinos e ovinos de uma aldeia indígena em Pernambuco, Brasil

This study aimed to determine the occurrence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, and Leptospira spp. antibodies in sheep and goats raised in villages of the Xukuru do Ororubá indigenous community, Pernambuco, Brazil. A total of 180 serum samples from sheep and 108 serum samples from goats of both sexes and different ages were analyzed. For antibody research, indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) were used for the protozoa T. gondii and N. caninum, and microscopic agglutination test (MAT) for Leptospira spp., with a cutoff titer of 1:64, 1:50 and 1:100, respectively. The frequency of anti-T. gondii antibodies was 16.6% (30/180) for sheep and 11.1% (12/108) for goats. The frequency of anti-N. caninum antibodies was 10.55% (19/180) for sheep, and 20.37% (22/108) for goats, while for Leptospira spp., 2.2% (4/180) of sheep and 1.85% (2/108) of goats reacted positively. The results obtained in this study are unprecedented in indigenous communities in the country and serve as an alert for monitoring goats and sheep from the Xukuru do Ororubá indigenous village regarding the occurrence and productive impact of infections by T. gondii, N. caninum, and Leptospira spp., in addition to the occurrence of the zoonosis toxoplasmosis and leptospirosis in the indigenous community.(AU)

Objetivou-se determinar a ocorrência de anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum e Leptospira spp., em ovinos e caprinos criados em aldeias da comunidade indígena Xukuru do Ororubá, Pernambuco, Brasil. Foram analisadas 180 amostras de soro de ovinos e 108 amostras de soro de caprinos de ambos os sexos e diferentes idades. Para a pesquisa de anticorpos foi utilizada a técnica de Reação de Imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI), para os protozoários T. gondii e N. caninum e Aglutinação Microscópica (MAT) para Leptospira spp., com ponto de corte de 1:64, 1:50 e 1:100, respectivamente. A frequência de anticorpos anti-T gondii foi de 16,6% (30/180) em ovinos e 11,1% (12/108) em caprinos. A frequência de anticorpos anti-N. caninum foi de 10,55% (19/180) para ovinos e 20,37% (22/108) para caprinos, enquanto para Leptospira spp., 2,2% (4/180) dos ovinos e 1,85% (2/108) dos caprinos reagiram positivamente. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo são inéditos em comunidades indígenas do país e alertam para o monitoramento de caprinos e ovinos da aldeia indígena Xukuru do Ororubá, quanto à ocorrência e impacto produtivo de infecções por T. gondii, N. caninum e Leptospira spp., além da ocorrência de zoonoses como a toxoplasmose e leptospirose na comunidade indígena.(AU)

Seroprevalence, spatial distribution and risk factors associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection among cattle in a quilombola community in the Brazilian cerrado / Soroprevalência, distribuição espacial e fatores de risco associados à infecção por Toxoplasma gondii em bovinos de comunidade quilombola no cerrado brasileiro

Little is known about Toxoplasma gondii infection among cattle living in the Cerrado (Brazilian savanna) biome in Brazil. In particular, there is no epidemiological data relating to infection in quilombo lands, i.e. areas settled by Afro-descendants of escaped slaves. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, spatial distribution and risk factors associated with T. gondii infection among cattle in the Kalunga quilombo, in the Cerrado biome. Blood samples were collected from 1533 cattle for antibody detection using the indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT). The study area was subdivided into five macroregions to determine the spatial distribution of infection. An objective questionnaire was applied to the cattle owners to evaluate risk factors, which were analyzed using univariate analysis and logistic regression. The prevalence of T. gondii infection among cattle was 8.93% (137/1533), and antibodies were found in 49.6% of the herds (66/133), in all macroregions. The risk factors associated with T. gondii infection in cattle were the following: number of animals in the herd (OR: 30.56), purchase of cattle (OR: 2.57), age group (OR: 1.95) and average annual temperature (OR: 1.77). Thus, the occurrence rate, spatial distribution and risk factors associated with T. gondii infection among cattle in the Kalunga quilombola community are documented here, for the first time.(AU)

A ocorrência de anticorpos anti-T. gondii em bovinos, no bioma cerrado brasileiro, é pouco conhecida. Particularmente, não existem dados epidemiológicos relativos à infecção em terras quilombolas, áreas formadas por descendentes de escravos africanos refugiados. O estudo objetivou determinar a prevalência, a distribuição espacial e os fatores de risco associados à infecção por T. gondii em bovinos, na comunidade remanescente de quilombos Kalunga, no bioma cerrado. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas de 1.533 bovinos para detecção de anticorpos pela reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI). A área em estudo foi dividida em cinco macrorregiões para determinação da distribuição espacial da infecção. Um questionário objetivo foi aplicado aos proprietários dos bovinos para a avaliação dos fatores de risco, os quais foram analisados por meio de análise univariada e regressão logística. Verificou-se ocorrência de anticorpos anti-T. gondii em 8,93% (137/1533) dos bovinos, com anticorpos detectados em 49,6% (66/133) dos rebanhos de todas as macrorregiões. Os fatores de risco associados à infecção foram: número de animais no rebanho (OR: 30,56), compra de bovinos (OR: 2,57), faixa etária dos animais (OR: 1,95) e temperatura anual média (OR: 1,77). Assim, documentam-se, de forma inédita, a ocorrência, a distribuição espacial e os fatores de risco associados à infecção por T. gondii em bovinos na comunidade quilombola Kalunga.(AU)

Seroprevalence, spatial distribution and risk factors associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection among cattle in a quilombola community in the Brazilian cerrado / Soroprevalência, distribuição espacial e fatores de risco associados à infecção por Toxoplasma gondii em bovinos de comunidade quilombola no cerrado brasileiro

Abstract Little is known about Toxoplasma gondii infection among cattle living in the Cerrado (Brazilian savanna) biome in Brazil. In particular, there is no epidemiological data relating to infection in quilombo lands, i.e. areas settled by Afro-descendants of escaped slaves. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, spatial distribution and risk factors associated with T. gondii infection among cattle in the Kalunga quilombo, in the Cerrado biome. Blood samples were collected from 1533 cattle for antibody detection using the indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT). The study area was subdivided into five macroregions to determine the spatial distribution of infection. An objective questionnaire was applied to the cattle owners to evaluate risk factors, which were analyzed using univariate analysis and logistic regression. The prevalence of T. gondii infection among cattle was 8.93% (137/1533), and antibodies were found in 49.6% of the herds (66/133), in all macroregions. The risk factors associated with T. gondii infection in cattle were the following: number of animals in the herd (OR: 30.56), purchase of cattle (OR: 2.57), age group (OR: 1.95) and average annual temperature (OR: 1.77). Thus, the occurrence rate, spatial distribution and risk factors associated with T. gondii infection among cattle in the Kalunga quilombola community are documented here, for the first time.

Resumo A ocorrência de anticorpos anti-T. gondii em bovinos, no bioma cerrado brasileiro, é pouco conhecida. Particularmente, não existem dados epidemiológicos relativos à infecção em terras quilombolas, áreas formadas por descendentes de escravos africanos refugiados. O estudo objetivou determinar a prevalência, a distribuição espacial e os fatores de risco associados à infecção por T. gondii em bovinos, na comunidade remanescente de quilombos Kalunga, no bioma cerrado. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas de 1.533 bovinos para detecção de anticorpos pela reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI). A área em estudo foi dividida em cinco macrorregiões para determinação da distribuição espacial da infecção. Um questionário objetivo foi aplicado aos proprietários dos bovinos para a avaliação dos fatores de risco, os quais foram analisados ​​por meio de análise univariada e regressão logística. Verificou-se ocorrência de anticorpos anti-T. gondii em 8,93% (137/1533) dos bovinos, com anticorpos detectados em 49,6% (66/133) dos rebanhos de todas as macrorregiões. Os fatores de risco associados à infecção foram: número de animais no rebanho (OR: 30,56), compra de bovinos (OR: 2,57), faixa etária dos animais (OR: 1,95) e temperatura anual média (OR: 1,77). Assim, documentam-se, de forma inédita, a ocorrência, a distribuição espacial e os fatores de risco associados à infecção por T. gondii em bovinos na comunidade quilombola Kalunga.

Seroprevalence and risk factors for Neospora caninum infection in dogs of rural areas of the Brazilian Semi-arid Region / Soroprevalência e fatores de risco para a infecção por Neospora caninum em cães de áreas rurais da Região Semiárida Brasileira

Neospora caninum is a protozoan of the heteroxenous cycle, whose definitive hosts include domestic and wild canids, while intermediate hosts are herbivores. Its occurrence in dogs of rural areas deserves attention due to the risk of transmission to the animals of production, mainly cattle. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of N. caninum antibodies in dogs belonging to rural areas of the municipality of Sousa, the semi-arid region of Paraíba, Northeastern Brazil. Blood sera from dogs of six rural communities were analyzed. The indirect fluorescent antibody test was performed for the detection of anti-N. caninum IgG. The results were considered positive when the total peripheral fluorescence of the tachyzoites occurred at a dilution 1:50. The frequency of seropositivity was 9.18% (9/98 cases). Antibody titers ranged from to 200, with the 1:50 titer being predominant. Among the evaluated sites, 66.6% (4/6) showed the presence of at least one seropositive dog. The variable contact with cattle was considered a risk factor (odds ratio = 15.25) for infection by the parasite, demonstrating a higher risk of contact with contaminated tissues. It was concluded that dogs from rural areas of the municipality of Sousa were exposed to N. caninum, and it was suggested that contact between dogs and cattle be avoided as a control measure to prevent infection in dogs.(AU)

Neospora caninum é um protozoário de ciclo heteroxeno, cujos hospedeiros definitivos incluem canídeos domésticos e silvestres, e hospedeiros intermediários são os herbívoros. Sua ocorrência em cães de áreas rurais merece atenção devido ao risco de transmissão aos animais de produção, principalmente bovinos. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a prevalência de anticorpos anti-N. caninum em cães de zona rural do município de Sousa, Semiárido da Paraíba, Nordeste do Brasil. Foram analisados soros sanguíneos de cães de seis comunidades rurais. Para detecção de anticorpos IgG anti-N. caninum realizou-se a Reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta (RIFI). Os animais foram considerados positivos quando ocorria a fluorescência periférica total dos taquizoítos na diluição ≥1:50. A frequência de soropositividade encontrada foi de 9,18% (9/98). A titulação de anticorpos variou até 200, predominando o título 1:50. Dentre as localidades avaliadas, em 66,6% (4/6) havia pelo menos um cão soropositivo. A variável contato com bovinos foi considerada fator de risco (odds ratio = 15,25) para a infecção pelo parasito, demonstrando maior risco de contato com tecidos contaminados. Conclui-se que os cães de zona rural do município de Sousa estão expostos ao N. caninum, e sugere-se evitar o contato entre cães e bovinos como medida de controle para previnir a infecção em cães.(AU)

Seroprevalence and risk factors for Neospora caninum infection in dogs of rural areas of the Brazilian Semi-arid Region / Soroprevalência e fatores de risco para a infecção por Neospora caninum em cães de áreas rurais da Região Semiárida Brasileira

Neospora caninum is a protozoan of the heteroxenous cycle, whose definitive hosts include domestic and wild canids, while intermediate hosts are herbivores. Its occurrence in dogs of rural areas deserves attention due to the risk of transmission to the animals of production, mainly cattle. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of N. caninum antibodies in dogs belonging to rural areas of the municipality of Sousa, the semi-arid region of Paraíba, Northeastern Brazil. Blood sera from dogs of six rural communities were analyzed. The indirect fluorescent antibody test was performed for the detection of anti-N. caninum IgG. The results were considered positive when the total peripheral fluorescence of the tachyzoites occurred at a dilution 1:50. The frequency of seropositivity was 9.18% (9/98 cases). Antibody titers ranged from to 200, with the 1:50 titer being predominant. Among the evaluated sites, 66.6% (4/6) showed the presence of at least one seropositive dog. The variable contact with cattle was considered a risk factor (odds ratio = 15.25) for infection by the parasite, demonstrating a higher risk of contact with contaminated tissues. It was concluded that dogs from rural areas of the municipality of Sousa were exposed to N. caninum, and it was suggested that contact between dogs and cattle be avoided as a control measure to prevent infection in dogs.

Neospora caninum é um protozoário de ciclo heteroxeno, cujos hospedeiros definitivos incluem canídeos domésticos e silvestres, e hospedeiros intermediários são os herbívoros. Sua ocorrência em cães de áreas rurais merece atenção devido ao risco de transmissão aos animais de produção, principalmente bovinos. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a prevalência de anticorpos anti-N. caninum em cães de zona rural do município de Sousa, Semiárido da Paraíba, Nordeste do Brasil. Foram analisados soros sanguíneos de cães de seis comunidades rurais. Para detecção de anticorpos IgG anti-N. caninum realizou-se a Reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta (RIFI). Os animais foram considerados positivos quando ocorria a fluorescência periférica total dos taquizoítos na diluição ≥1:50. A frequência de soropositividade encontrada foi de 9,18% (9/98). A titulação de anticorpos variou até 200, predominando o título 1:50. Dentre as localidades avaliadas, em 66,6% (4/6) havia pelo menos um cão soropositivo. A variável contato com bovinos foi considerada fator de risco (odds ratio = 15,25) para a infecção pelo parasito, demonstrando maior risco de contato com tecidos contaminados. Conclui-se que os cães de zona rural do município de Sousa estão expostos ao N. caninum, e sugere-se evitar o contato entre cães e bovinos como medida de controle para previnir a infecção em cães.

Anticorpos anti-Chlamydia abortus e anti-Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis em bubalinos no estado de Pernambuco, Brasil / Anti-Chlamydia abortus and anti-Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis antibodies in buffaloes in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil

Background: The occurrence of economic losses in buffaloes may be related to reproductive problems such as chlamydiosiscaused by the bacteria Chlamydia abortus considered as a zoonotic agent; and digestive problems highlighting the infectionby Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map), responsible for paratuberculosis. There is a little information aboutthese diseases in buffaloes, therefore the aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of anti-Chlamydia abortus andanti- Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) antibodies in water buffaloes in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil.Materials, Methods & Results: Two hundred and sixty-two bubaline sera belonging to the serum bank of the InfectiousDiseases Laboratory (LIDIC) of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE) were analyzed. The samples werefrom nine properties distributed in the municipalities of Agreste and Zona da Mata of the state of Pernambuco. For thedetection of anti-Chlamydia abortus and anti-Map antibodies was used a technique of Enzyme Immunoabsorption Assay (ELISA) of the IDEXX® by following the manufacturers instructions. Regarding the detection of anti-Chlamydiaabortus antibodies, it was observed that 47.70% (125/262) of the samples were positive. All properties showed at least onepositive animal for the investigation of anti-Chlamydia abortus antibodies. It was also verified the occurrence of 7.25%of suspected animals for the investigation of anti-C. abortus antibodies. No positives animals were observed for Map inthe bubaline analyzed.Discussion: The occurrence of anti-C. abortus antibodies in buffaloes in the region can be explained by the fact that properties with buffalo breeding has sanitary management that allows the contact between animals, thus increasing the risk oftransmission of the agent. In addition, the variation found...(AU)

Anticorpos anti-Chlamydia abortus e anti-Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis em bubalinos no estado de Pernambuco, Brasil / Anti-Chlamydia abortus and anti-Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis antibodies in buffaloes in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil

Background: The occurrence of economic losses in buffaloes may be related to reproductive problems such as chlamydiosiscaused by the bacteria Chlamydia abortus considered as a zoonotic agent; and digestive problems highlighting the infectionby Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map), responsible for paratuberculosis. There is a little information aboutthese diseases in buffaloes, therefore the aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of anti-Chlamydia abortus andanti- Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) antibodies in water buffaloes in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil.Materials, Methods & Results: Two hundred and sixty-two bubaline sera belonging to the serum bank of the InfectiousDiseases Laboratory (LIDIC) of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE) were analyzed. The samples werefrom nine properties distributed in the municipalities of Agreste and Zona da Mata of the state of Pernambuco. For thedetection of anti-Chlamydia abortus and anti-Map antibodies was used a technique of Enzyme Immunoabsorption Assay (ELISA) of the IDEXX® by following the manufacturer’s instructions. Regarding the detection of anti-Chlamydiaabortus antibodies, it was observed that 47.70% (125/262) of the samples were positive. All properties showed at least onepositive animal for the investigation of anti-Chlamydia abortus antibodies. It was also verified the occurrence of 7.25%of suspected animals for the investigation of anti-C. abortus antibodies. No positives animals were observed for Map inthe bubaline analyzed.Discussion: The occurrence of anti-C. abortus antibodies in buffaloes in the region can be explained by the fact that properties with buffalo breeding has sanitary management that allows the contact between animals, thus increasing the risk oftransmission of the agent. In addition, the variation found...

Prevalence and associated factors with Neospora caninum infection in female water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) from Pernambuco, Brazil / Prevalência e fatores associados à infecção por Neospora caninum em fêmeas bubalinas (Bubalus bubalis ) em Pernambuco, Brasil

Neosporosis is one of the major parasitic diseases that causes reproductive problems, making it a limitation for optimal efficiency in livestock. The aim of the present study was to conduct a seroepidemiological survey for bubaline neosporosis and to analyse associated factors associated with N. caninum infection in female water buffaloes in the State of Pernambuco, northeast Brazil. The prevalence of N. caninum infection in the bubaline herds examined was 35.4% (122/345; 95% CI: 30.4%-40.7%), at least 1 Neospora-positive animal was found in each farm. Associated factors for N. caninum infection identified in this study were exclusive pasture feeding (OR: 5.91, p 0.001) and purchase of animals of free fair and from reputable sellers (OR: 1.85; p =0.045). In this survey, we document the occurrence of neosporosis in female water buffaloes. Associated factors should be controlled in order to reduce the risk of N. caninum infection in these herds.(AU)

A neosporose é uma das principais doenças parasitárias que causa problemas reprodutivos, torna-se possível limitar para a máxima eficiência na pecuária. Objetivou-se com este estudo realizar um inquérito soroepidemiológico e analisar os fatores associados à infecção por N. caninum em fêmeas bubalinas no estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. Observou-se uma prevalência de 35,4% (122/345; IC 95%: 30,4%-40,7%) para infecção por N. caninum e 100% das propriedades possuíam ao menos um animal positivo. Os fatores associados à infecção por N. caninum neste estudo foram alimentação exclusiva a pasto (OR: 5,91; p 0,001) e aquisição de animais de feiras livres e criadores conhecidos (OR: 1,85; p=0,045). Registra-se a ocorrência da infecção por N. caninum em fêmeas bubalinas e os fatores associados que precisam ser corrigidos para reduzir o risco de infecção nesses rebanhos.(AU)

Occurrence of Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis and Tritrichomonas foetus dna in bulls from Alagoas State, Brazil / Ocorrência de dna de Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis e Tritrichomonas foetus em touros no Estado de Alagoas, Brasil

The aim of the present study is to diagnose the occurrence of infections caused by Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis and Tritrichomonas foetus in reproducer bulls from Alagoas State breeders, Brazil. The total of 162 preputial smegma samples were collected from nelore bulls from ten rural properties in the East, Agreste and Sertão mesoregions. The samples were subjected to the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique in order to assess C. fetus subsp. venerealis and Tritrichomonas foetus DNA and cultivated in Modified Diamond Medium (DMM) for Tritrichomonas foetus isolation. Four point nine percent (4.9% - 8/162) of the evaluated bulls were infected with C. fetus subsp. venerealis and 3.0% (5/162) of the sample were infected with T. foetus, which was not isolated in any of the assessed animals. Based on our results, there was C. fetus subsp. venerealis and T. foetus DNA in bulls from Alagoas State, Brazil. Accordingly, it is necessary performing laboratory examinations in animals living in properties breeding animals for reproduction purpose in order to monitor and control such infections.(AU)

Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa diagnosticar a ocorrência das infecções por Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis e Tritrichomonas foetus em touros, provenientes de propriedades localizadas no estado de Alagoas, Brasil. Foram coletadas 162 amostras de esmegma prepucial de touros da raça nelore, procedentes de dez propriedades rurais das mesorregiões Leste, Agreste e Sertão. Para a pesquisa de DNA de C. fetus subsp. venerealis e Tritrichomonas foetus as amostras foram submetidas à técnica Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR) e para isolamento de Tritrichomonas foetus foram cultivadas em Meio Diamond Modificado (DMM). Observou-se a ocorrência da infecção por C. fetus subsp. venerealis em 4,9% (8/162) dos touros analisados e 3,0% (5/162) para T. foetus. Não foi isolado T. foetus em nenhuma das amostras analisadas. Os resultados deste estudo confirmam a ocorrência de DNA de C. fetus subsp. venerealis e T. foetus em touros no estado de Alagoas, Brasil. Desta forma, constata-se a necessidade da realização de exames laboratoriais em propriedades de bovinos destinadas à reprodução para um monitoramento e controle dessas infecções.(AU)

Prevalence and associated factors with Neospora caninum infection in female water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) from Pernambuco, Brazil / Prevalência e fatores associados à infecção por Neospora caninum em fêmeas bubalinas (Bubalus bubalis ) em Pernambuco, Brasil

Abstract Neosporosis is one of the major parasitic diseases that causes reproductive problems, making it a limitation for optimal efficiency in livestock. The aim of the present study was to conduct a seroepidemiological survey for bubaline neosporosis and to analyse associated factors associated with N. caninum infection in female water buffaloes in the State of Pernambuco, northeast Brazil. The prevalence of N. caninum infection in the bubaline herds examined was 35.4% (122/345; 95% CI: 30.4%-40.7%), at least 1 Neospora-positive animal was found in each farm. Associated factors for N. caninum infection identified in this study were exclusive pasture feeding (OR: 5.91, p <0.001) and purchase of animals of free fair and from reputable sellers (OR: 1.85; p =0.045). In this survey, we document the occurrence of neosporosis in female water buffaloes. Associated factors should be controlled in order to reduce the risk of N. caninum infection in these herds.

Resumo A neosporose é uma das principais doenças parasitárias que causa problemas reprodutivos, torna-se possível limitar para a máxima eficiência na pecuária. Objetivou-se com este estudo realizar um inquérito soroepidemiológico e analisar os fatores associados à infecção por N. caninum em fêmeas bubalinas no estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. Observou-se uma prevalência de 35,4% (122/345; IC 95%: 30,4%-40,7%) para infecção por N. caninum e 100% das propriedades possuíam ao menos um animal positivo. Os fatores associados à infecção por N. caninum neste estudo foram alimentação exclusiva a pasto (OR: 5,91; p<0,001) e aquisição de animais de feiras livres e criadores conhecidos (OR: 1,85; p=0,045). Registra-se a ocorrência da infecção por N. caninum em fêmeas bubalinas e os fatores associados que precisam ser corrigidos para reduzir o risco de infecção nesses rebanhos.

Occurrence of serological reactions for serogroup Sejroe (CTG and Prajtino) in female buffalo in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil

The objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies in female buffalo in the state of Pernambuco. A total of 123 female buffalo blood samples were collected from five properties distributed in the state of Pernambuco. The microscopic agglutination test was used to study anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies. The occurrence of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies was 28.5% (35/123; CI 20.737.3%) and on different properties, the occurrence ranged from 28.6% to 80.0%, with 100% of the properties showing animals with positive results. The serovars of the serogroup Sejroe with a higher incidence were Hardjoprajtino (CTG strain, 49.1%) and Hardjo (Prajtino genotype, 43.2%), followed by serogroup Grippotyphosa with the Grippotyphosa serovar (3.9%), serogroup Pomona with the Pomona serovar (1.9%), and the Icterohaemorrhagiae serovar Copenhageni (1.9%). This was the first record of the occurrence of anti-Lepstospira spp. antibodies in female buffalo in the state of Pernambuco. Control measures are necessary to prevent health and economic losses, given that the agent involved affects animal reproduction, triggering drops in conception rates or even clinical cases of abortion.(AU)

Occurrence of serological reactions for serogroup Sejroe (CTG and Prajtino) in female buffalo in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies in female buffalo in the state of Pernambuco. A total of 123 female buffalo blood samples were collected from five properties distributed in the state of Pernambuco. The microscopic agglutination test was used to study anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies. The occurrence of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies was 28.5% (35/123; CI 20.7-37.3%) and on different properties, the occurrence ranged from 28.6% to 80.0%, with 100% of the properties showing animals with positive results. The serovars of the serogroup Sejroe with a higher incidence were Hardjoprajtino (CTG strain, 49.1%) and Hardjo (Prajtino genotype, 43.2%), followed by serogroup Grippotyphosa with the Grippotyphosa serovar (3.9%), serogroup Pomona with the Pomona serovar (1.9%), and the Icterohaemorrhagiae serovar Copenhageni (1.9%). This was the first record of the occurrence of anti-Lepstospira spp. antibodies in female buffalo in the state of Pernambuco. Control measures are necessary to prevent health and economic losses, given that the agent involved affects animal reproduction, triggering drops in conception rates or even clinical cases of abortion.