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1.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf ; 29(4): 433-443, 2020 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31908111

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To analyze the evolution of the prevalence of polypharmacy and excessive polypharmacy in a Spanish population, and to improve the identification of patients with polypharmacy. METHODS: A descriptive, annual cross-sectional observational study was carried out. PATIENTS: individuals over 14 years of age included in a multiregional primary care database of the Spanish population (BIFAP). ANALYSIS: prescription data. Period 2005-2015. VARIABLES: proportion of patients with polypharmacy (simultaneous prescription of ≥5 drugs) and excessive polypharmacy (≥10 drugs) for at least 6 months, according to sex and age groups. A trend analysis of the studied period was performed (overall, and by sex and age groups). RESULTS: The data are reported on a comparative basis (2005 vs 2015). Number of patients analyzed: 2664743 vs 4 002 877. The prevalence of polypharmacy increased significantly (2.5% vs 8.9%, P-value for trend <0.001), being greater in females throughout the study period and in the group aged ≥80 years (P-value for trends <0.001). The prevalence of excessive polypharmacy also increased significantly (0.1% vs 1%, P-value for trend <0.001), being higher in the group aged ≥80 years (P-value for trend <0.001). The proportion of patients with no chronic treatment decreased (80.2% vs 63.1%). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of polypharmacy in this Spanish population has tripled in the period 2005-2015, while excessive polypharmacy has increased 10-fold. These increments are seen in both sexes and in all age groups, particularly in individuals over 80 years of age. The proportion of patients without chronic treatments has decreased.


Assuntos
Bases de Dados Factuais/tendências , Prescrição Inadequada/tendências , Polimedicação , Vigilância da População/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos Transversais , Bases de Dados Factuais/normas , Prescrições de Medicamentos/normas , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Espanha/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem
3.
Aten Primaria ; 43(9): 490-6, 2011 Sep.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21536350

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of joining a home care program on primary caregivers of dependent elderly people. DESIGN: Non-randomised "before-after" intervention study. SETTING: Primary Care. PARTICIPANTS: Primary carers of elderly dependent people included in a home care program (n=156; 7.8% loss to follow up). INTERVENTIONS: Inclusion in a home care program for chronically dependent elderly and the assessment of the primary carer in the same year. VARIABLES ASSESSED: perceived health, frequency of visits, questionnaires of quality of life (Nottingham questionnaire), psychological health (Goldberg questionnaire), social support (Duke-UNC scale) and overburden of caregivers (Zarit questionnaire) and satisfaction with care received. RESULTS: There were no significant changes in perceived health. Improvement in the areas of energy, sleep, emotional and social relationship of the quality of life. Decreased attendance (8.4 vs. 7.5, p<0.05) and the percentage of overusers (30.1 vs 6.9%, P<.01). A reduced percentage of caregivers expressed low social support (8.3 vs 2.8%, P<.05) and caregiver overburden (56.4 vs 44.4%, P<.05). 90.3% of caregivers believed that care had improved at the end of intervention, with a significant improvement of satisfaction of overall medical and nursing care received (7.6 vs 8, 4, 7.9 vs 8.5 and 7 vs 8.5; P<.05). CONCLUSIONS: Joining a home care program for dependents has a positive impact on their primary caregiver and improves their perception of care received, reducing their use of health services, reducing the level of overburden and their perceived lack of social support.


Assuntos
Geriatria , Serviços de Assistência Domiciliar , Idoso , Humanos
4.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33946914

RESUMO

We aimed to identify and compare medication profiles in populations with polypharmacy between 2005 and 2015. We conducted a cross-sectional study using information from the Computerized Database for Pharmacoepidemiologic Studies in Primary Care (BIFAP, Spain). We estimated the prevalence of therapeutic subgroups in all individuals 15 years of age and older with polypharmacy (≥5 drugs during ≥6 months) using the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification system level 4, by sex and age group, for both calendar years. The most prescribed drugs were proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs), statins, antiplatelet agents, benzodiazepine derivatives, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. The greatest increases between 2005 and 2015 were observed in PPIs, statins, other antidepressants, and ß-blockers, while the prevalence of antiepileptics was almost tripled. We observed increases in psychotropic drugs in women and cardiovascular medications in men. By patient´s age groups, there were notable increases in antipsychotics, antidepressants, and antiepileptics (15-44 years); antidepressants, PPIs, and selective ß-blockers (45-64 years); selective ß-blockers, biguanides, PPIs, and statins (65-79 years); and in statins, selective ß-blockers, and PPIs (80 years and older). Our results revealed important increases in the use of specific therapeutic subgroups, like PPIs, statins, and psychotropic drugs, highlighting opportunities to design and implement strategies to analyze such prescriptions' appropriateness.


Assuntos
Prescrições de Medicamentos , Polimedicação , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Farmacoepidemiologia , Espanha/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem
5.
Aten Primaria ; 42(7): 380-7, 2010 Jul.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20138406

RESUMO

AIM: To examine how the different Spanish health regions are evaluating pharmaceutical prescription quality and the type of prescribing indicators used. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: The 17 Spanish Autonomous Communities during the period from January to December 2007. MEASUREMENTS: Definition and type of prescribing indicators, measurement units. RESULTS: We obtained information from 16 of the 17 CCAA through their health services. All health services had developed quality indicators of drug prescription. The number of indicators varied from 3 to 22 between regions. Most of the regions are using indicators based on adequate selection of drugs. Nine of the 16 CCAA are also including prevalence indicators and only the Basque Country and Cantabria are using indicators based on the quality of the therapeutic process. Nine CCAA use the number of packs as measurement unit and the other seven CCAA measure prescriptions in defined daily doses (ddd). The indicators most frequently used are: percentage of new drugs in 15 CCAA (93%), omeprazole in total IBP drugs in 13 (81.2%), percentage of generic drugs in 11 (68.7%) and selection of NSAID in 10 (62%). CONCLUSION: Each regional health service has developed its own set of drug prescription quality indicators. Consequently, there is great variability between regions in the assessment of the quality of drug prescription. Common indicators are needed in order to establish a benchmarking process between regional health services.


Assuntos
Prescrições de Medicamentos/normas , Estudos Transversais , Controle de Qualidade , Indicadores de Qualidade em Assistência à Saúde , Espanha
7.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 97: e202307061, Julio 2023.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS (Espanha) | ID: ibc-223603

RESUMO

Fundamentos: Con la edad aumenta el consumo de fármacos, entre ellos los anticolinérgicos. La carga anticolinérgica es predictora decaídas, deterioro cognitivo y mortalidad, y su cálculo resulta de utilidad. El objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer la prevalencia del consumode anticolinérgicos y la carga anticolinérgica según diferentes escalas, así como las variables que influyen en la prevalencia y en la carga.Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio analítico y transversal. La muestra fue obtenida por muestreo por conglomerados (nivel de confianza del95%, precisión del 3%) de pacientes de sesenta y cinco-ochenta años consultantes de un servicio de Urgencias. Las variables dependientes fueronlos fármacos anticolinérgicos consumidos y la carga anticolinérgica calculada mediante diez escalas:Anticholinergic Activity Scale (AAS);Anticholinergic Burden Classification (ABC);Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden Scale (ACB);Anticholinergic Drug Scale (ADS);Anticholinergic Load Scale (ALS);Anticholinergic Risk Scale (ARS);Clinician-Rated Anticholinergic Scale (CrAS);Chew’s scale (Chew);Drug Burden Index (DBI); yDuran’s scale (Duran).Las variables independientes fueron demográficas, patologías crónicas y fármacos consumidos. Como análisis estadístico se realizó la descripciónde variables y el estudio analítico a través de un análisis multivariante (análisis de regresión) para evitar factores de confusión.Resultados: Participaron 456 pacientes, y el consumo medio fue de siete fármacos (IC 95% 6,81-7,59). El 75,2% (IC 95%; 71%-79%) tomaban al-gún anticolinérgico; la media de anticolinérgicos fue de 1,91 (IC 95%; 1,75%-2,08%). Utilizando las escalas simultáneamente, el 58,1%, (IC 95%; 53,4%-62,5%) tenían alta carga anticolinérgica. Las escalas que más riesgo anticolinérgico detectaron fueron DBI (50,7%) y ALS (45,8%) y las que másalta carga, ABC (19,1%) y DBI (17,3%)...


Background: With age increases the consumption of drugs, including anticholinergics. The anticholinergic load is a predictor of falls, cognitiveimpairment and mortality, and its calculation is useful. The objectives of this paper was to know the prevalence of anticholinergic consumption andanticholinergic load according to different scales, and the variables that influence the prevalence and load.Methods: An analytical and cross-sectional study was carried out. The sample was obtained by cluster sampling (95% confidence level, 3%precision) of patients aged sixty-five/eighty consulting an emergency department. Dependent variables were Anticholinergic drugs consumed andanticholinergic load calculated using 10 scales:Anticholinergic Activity Scale (AAS);Anticholinergic Burden Classification (ABC);AnticholinergicCognitive Burden Scale (ACB);Anticholinergic Drug Scale (ADS);Anticholinergic Load Scale (ALS);Anticholinergic Risk Scale (ARS);Clinician-RatedAnticholinergic Scale (CrAS);Chew’s scale (Chew);Drug Burden Index (DBI); andDuran’s scale (Duran). Independent variables were demographics,chronic pathologies and drugs consumed. Statistical analysis: description of variables and analytical study through a multivariate analysis (regres-sion analysis) to avoid confounding factors.Results: 456 patients participated, mean consumption was seven drugs (95% CI 6.81-7.59). 75.2% (95% CI 71%-79%) were taking someanticholinergic; mean of anticholinergics of 1.91 (95% CI 1.75%-2.08%). Using the scales simultaneously, 58.1% (95% CI 53.4%-62.5%) had a highanticholinergic load. The scales that detected the highest anticholinergic risk were DBI (50.7%) and ALS (45.8%), and those with the highest, ABCload (19.1%) and DBI (17.3%)...(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Antagonistas Colinérgicos , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Envelhecimento , Preparações Farmacêuticas/administração & dosagem , Estudos Transversais , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Prevalência
8.
Medwave ; 15(1): e6067, 2015 Jan 19.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25646631

RESUMO

Respiratory tract infections are a common complaint and most of them, such as common cold and laryngitis, are viral in origin, so antibiotic use should be exceptional. However, there are other respiratory tract infections (sinusitis, pharyngitis, lower respiratory tract infections, and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) where a bacterial etiology is responsible for a non-negligible percentage, and antibiotics are often empirically indicated. The aim of the study is to identify the strength of the data obtained from the symptoms, physical examination and rapid diagnostic methods in respiratory infections in which antibiotic use is frequently proposed in order to improve diagnosis and influence the decision to prescribe these drugs. The review concludes that history, physical examination and rapid tests are useful to guide the need for antibiotic treatment in diseases such as acute sinusitis, acute pharyngitis, exacerbation of lower respiratory tract infection and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, no isolated data is accurate enough by itself to confirm or rule out the need for antibiotics. Therefore, clinical prediction rules bring together history and physical examination, thereby improving the accuracy of the decision to indicate or not antibiotics.


Las infecciones del tracto respiratorio suponen un motivo frecuente de consulta. Sin embargo, mientras que en algunas enfermedades (como el resfriado común, la laringitis y otras) el origen es generalmente viral y el uso de antibióticos debería ser excepcional, existen otros cuadros (como rinosinusitis, faringoamigdalitis, infecciones del tracto respiratorio inferior y reagudizaciones de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica) en que la etiología bacteriana ocupa un porcentaje no desdeñable y con frecuencia se realizan tratamientos antibióticos de forma empírica. Este estudio tiene como objetivo conocer la validez de los datos obtenidos de la clínica, la exploración física y los métodos de diagnóstico rápido en las infecciones respiratorias, donde con frecuencia se plantea el uso de antibióticos con el objetivo de mejorar la capacidad diagnóstica y, por lo tanto, de influir en la decisión de prescribir o no dichos fármacos. La revisión concluye que la anamnesis, la exploración física y las pruebas de diagnóstico rápido son útiles para orientar la necesidad de tratamiento antibiótico en patologías como rinosinusitis aguda, faringoamigdalitis aguda, infección respiratoria de vías bajas y reagudización de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica. No obstante, ningún dato de forma aislada es suficientemente preciso por sí mismo para confirmar o descartar la necesidad de dicho tratamiento y existen reglas de predicción clínica que, agrupando datos de anamnesis y exploración, consiguen mejorar la precisión para la decisión de pautar o no un antibiótico.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Infecções Bacterianas/diagnóstico , Infecções Respiratórias/diagnóstico , Adulto , Infecções Bacterianas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Bacterianas/microbiologia , Tomada de Decisões , Testes Diagnósticos de Rotina , Humanos , Padrões de Prática Médica , Infecções Respiratórias/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Respiratórias/microbiologia
9.
Rev. clín. med. fam ; 13(2): 116-122, jun. 2020. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS (Espanha) | ID: ibc-199832

RESUMO

OBJETIVOS: Estudiar la evolución de la función renal en el anciano joven en un periodo de cuatro años. DISEÑO: Observacional, descriptivo, longitudinal. EMPLAZAMIENTO: Centro de Salud urbano. PARTICIPANTES: Población de entre 65 y 74 años asignado a un Centro de Salud. MEDICIONES PRINCIPALES: Creatinina y filtrado glomerular según CKD-EPI. Ademas, variables sociodemográficas, factores de riesgo cardiovascular y número de enfermedades crónicas y fármacos. RESULTADOS: La muestra inicial fueron 557 pacientes con un 13,1 % de pérdidas al final del estudio. Al inicio, edad media de 68,9 años, con un 55,1 % de mujeres. La creatinina media evolucionó desde 0,87 mg/dl (IC95% 0,83-0,91) a 0,94 (IC95% 0,87-0,99) (p < 0,05). El filtrado glomerular medio desde 79,1 ml/min (IC 95% 77,9-80,4) a 74,65 (IC95% 73,3-76,0) (p < 0,001), con una reducción media de 4,3 ml/min (IC 95% 3,4-5,2). En el corte inicial 10,2 % (IC95% 7,7-12,7) presentaban IRC, pasando dicha cifra al 15,3 % (IC95% 12,1-18,5) al final, encuadrándose todo el aumento en el estadio 3. En el análisis bivariante se encontró asociación entre una mayor disminución de filtrado y la presencia de HTA (p < 0,05), número de patologías (p < 0,01) y el sexo femenino (p < 0,05). Sin embargo, en el análisis multivariante sólo el sexo femenino se mantuvo con una asociación significativa (p < 0,05) y la HTA casi significativa (p < 0,1), pero con diferencias clínicamente irrelevantes. CONCLUSIONES: En ancianos jóvenes, la función renal parece presentar una muy lenta reducción a lo largo del tiempo, ligeramente superior en mujeres. Podría plantearse el espaciamento de las determinaciones de dicha función renal en la población general de este grupo de edad


OBJECTIVES: To study the evolution of renal function in younger elderly persons over a period of four years. DESIGN: Observational, descriptive, longitudinal study. SETTING: Urban health centre. PARTICIPANTS: Population between 65 and 74 years of age assigned to a health centre. MAIN MEASURES: Creatinine and glomerular filtration rate according to CKD-EPI. Also sociodemographic variables, cardiovascular risk factors, and number of chronic diseases and drugs. RESULTS: The initial sample included 557 patients, with 12.9 % loss at the end of the study. At the start, the average age was 68.9 years, with 55.1 % women. The mean creatinine evolved from 0.87 mg/dl (95% CI 0.83-0.91) to 0.94 (95%CI 0.87-0.99) (p < 0.05). The mean glomerular filtration rate evolved from 79.1 ml/min (95% CI 77.9-80.4) to 74.65 (95% CI 73.3-76.0) (p < 0.001), with an average decrease of 4.3 ml/min (95% CI 3.4-5.2). Initially, 10.2% of patients (95% CI 7.7-12.7) presented chronic kidney failure, which increased to 15.3 % (95% CI 12.1-18.5) at the end, being all the increase within stage 3.The bivariate analysis showed association between greater decline of filtration rate and presence of high blood pressure (p < 0.05), number of diseases (p < 0.01) and female sex (p < 0.05). However, in the multivariate analysis only female sex kept a significant association (p < 0.05), and high blood pressure had a nearly significant association (p < 0.1), but with clinically irrelevant differences. CONCLUSIONS: Among younger elderly patients, the renal function seems to present a very slow decline over time, which is slightly greater in women. Spacing of renal function determinations could be considered in general population of this age group


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Nefropatias/diagnóstico , Testes de Função Renal/métodos , Fenômenos Fisiológicos do Sistema Urinário , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/epidemiologia , Estudos Longitudinais , Fatores de Risco , Múltiplas Afecções Crônicas/epidemiologia , Atenção Primária à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Prevalência
12.
Rev. clín. med. fam ; 11(3): 137-143, oct. 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS (Espanha) | ID: ibc-176091

RESUMO

Objetivo: Conocer la incidencia de declive funcional (DF) acontecido en 3 meses y la utilidad de distintas reglas de predicción. Diseño: Estudio multicéntrico, prospectivo tipo cohortes (subgrupos en función del riesgo de DF según reglas de predicción), con un periodo de seguimiento de 3 meses. Emplazamiento: Atención Primaria. Área de Salud. Participantes: Pacientes ≥ 70 años no institucionalizados, excluyendo aquellos con problemas de comunicación, dependencia para ≥ 3 actividades básicas, terminales o negativa a participar. Tamaño muestral para incidencia de DF estimada del 15 %, precisión 2 %, nivel de confianza 95 % y pérdidas estimadas 10 %. Muestreo estratificado: 1º escalón por conglomerados (zonas de salud) y 2º escalón por muestreo sistemático (1/15) de listados ordenados por edad. Mediciones Principales: Al inicio: variables sociodemográficas y de morbilidad, índice Katz (actividades básicas) y Lawton-Brody (actividades instrumentales) y reglas de predicción de DF a 3 meses (SHERPA, TRST, ISAR-PC e Inouye). A los 3 meses: DF (perdida de ≥ 1 actividades básicas o instrumentales según Katz y Lawton-Brody, institucionalización o defunción). Resultados: 462 pacientes finalizan estudio (pérdidas: 3,75 %). Edad media 77,9 años (DE: 6,3), 54,7 % mujeres, media de patologías 4,4 (DE: 2,2) y de fármacos 5,6 (DE: 3,3). Incidencia de DF a los 3 meses 9,4 % (IC95 %: 6,8-12,0 %), de los cuales 0,7 % perdidas actividades básicas; 3,7 % actividades instrumentales; 3,4 % actividades básicas e instrumentales; 0,2 % institucionalización y 0,4 % defunción. El riesgo relativo (RR) encontrado en los grupos de riesgo elevado/con riesgo de las reglas de predicción estudiadas fue: SHERPA 1,98 (IC95 %: 0,84 - 2,85; p>0,05); TRST 2,21 (IC95 %: 1,24 - 3,95; p<0,01); ISAR-PC 2,68 (IC95 %: 1,807 - 6,70; p<0,05) e Inouye 2,03 (IC95 %: 1.10 - 3,74; p<0,05). Conclusiones: Baja incidencia de DF en comparación con otros estudios. Utilidad relativa de las reglas de predicción de dicho DF


Objective: To investigate the incidence of functional decline (FD) experienced in 3 months, and the usefulness of different prediction rules. Design: Multicenter, prospective, cohort study (subgroups based on the FD risk according to prediction rules), with a follow-up period of 3 months. Location: Primary care. Health area. Participants: Non-institutionalized patients aged ≥ 70, excluding those who present communication problems, dependence in ≥ 3 basic activities, terminally ill, or refusing to participate. Sample size for an estimated FD incidence of 15 %, precision 2 %, confidence level 95 %, and expected loss 10 %. Stratified sampling: first stage by cluster sampling and second stage by systematic sampling (1/15) of lists ordered by age. Main measures: At the beginning: morbidity and socio-demographic variables, Katz index (basic activities), Lawton-Brody index (instrumental activities), and 3-month prediction rules for FD (SHERPA, TRST, ISAR-PC and Inouye). After 3 months: FD (loss of ≥ 1 basic or instrumental activities according to Katz and Lawton-Brody, institutionalization, or death). Results: 462 patients complete the study (losses: 3.75 %). Mean age 77.9 years old (SD: 6.3), 54.7 % women, mean number of pathologies 4.4 (SD: 2.2) and mean number of drugs 5.6 (SD: 3.3). Incidence of FD after 3 months 9.4 % (CI95 %: 6.8-12.0 %), of which 0.7 % loss of basic activities; 3.7 % loss of instrumental activities; 3.4 % loss of basic and instrumental activities; 0.2 % institutionalization; and 0.4 % death. The relative risk (RR) found in high-risk/risk groups according to the prediction rules examined was: SHERPA 1.98 (CI95 %: 0.84-2.85; p>0.05); TRST 2.21 (CI95 %: 1.24-3.95; p<0.01); ISAR-PC 2.68 (CI95 %: 1.807 - 6.70; p<0.05); and Inouye 2.03 (CI95 %: 1.10 - 3.74; p<0.05). Conclusions: Low incidence of FD compared to other studies. Relative usefulness of FD prediction rules


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Idoso Fragilizado/estatística & dados numéricos , Saúde do Idoso , Função Executiva/fisiologia , Análise e Desempenho de Tarefas , Estudos Prospectivos , Avaliação Geriátrica/estatística & dados numéricos
13.
Rev. clín. med. fam ; 10(2): 78-85, jun. 2017. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS (Espanha) | ID: ibc-164976

RESUMO

Objetivo. Conocer la función renal, y la posible relación de su deterioro con distintas variables, en un grupo de población de entre 65 y 74 años. Diseño. Observacional y transversal para el estudio de la prevalencia y de asociación cruzada para el estudio de las variables relacionadas con el deterioro. Participantes. Personas de 65 a 74 años adscritas a un Centro de Salud. Tamaño muestral calculado para una prevalencia estimada del 11 %, una precisión del 2 %, unas pérdidas/rechazos esperados del 10 % y un nivel de confianza del 95 %. Resultados. Población estudiada final de 388 personas (4,2 % perdidas). El filtrado glomerular (FG) medio fue de 78,86 (IC 95 %: 77,37-80,35) según CKD-EPI y de 85,15 (IC 95 %: 82,28-87,02) según MDRD-4. La prevalencia de IRC fue 11,1 % (IC 95 %: 9,2-12,9) según CKD-EPI y de 7,5 % (IC 95 %: 5,9-9,1) según MDRD-4, con un porcentaje en estadio 2 de la clasificación de la KDIGO del 63,7 % (IC 95 %: 60,9-66,6) y del 55,2 % (IC 95 %: 52,3-58,1) respectivamente. En el análisis multivariante por regresión lineal múltiple, la presencia de IRC y de reducción del FG se asociaron con mayor edad (p=0,06 y p<0,01), sexo masculino (p<0,01 en ambos casos) y consumo de mayor número de fármacos (p<0,01 y p<0,05). Conclusiones. Alta prevalencia de deterioro de la función renal en este grupo de edad, actuando la edad, el sexo y el consumo de medicamentos como factores predictores de dicho deterioro. Confirmación de la mayor sensibilidad de CKD-EPI sobre MDRD-4 para detectar deterioro (AU)


Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and associated factors in the 'young elderly' Objective. To assess the renal function in a population group, aged 65 to 74 years, and to analyse the possible relationship between declining renal function with different variables. Design. Cross-sectional observational study of prevalence and analysis of the variables involved in renal function decline. Participants. Patients, aged 65 to 74 years, assigned to a health centre. The sample size was calculated for an estimated prevalence of 11%, with 2% accuracy and expected losses / rejections of 10%, and a confidence interval of 95%. Results. Final study population included 388 people (4.2% of loss). The average glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was 78.86 (95%CI 77.37 to 80.35) according to CKD-EPI and 85.15 (95%CI 82.28 to 87.02) according to MDRD-4. The prevalence of CKD was 11.1% (95%CI 9.2 to 12.9) according to CKD-EPI and 7.5% (95%CI 5.9 to 9.1) according to MDRD-4, with a percentage of 63.7% (95%CI 60.9 to 66.6) and 55.2% (95%CI 52.3 to 58.1) respectively in stage 2 of KDIGO classification. In multivariate analysis by multiple linear regression, the presence of CKD and decrease in GFR were associated with older age (p=0.06 and p <0.01), male (p <0.01 in both cases) and a greater number of drugs consumed (p <0.01 and p <0.05). Conclusions. High prevalence of impaired renal function in this age group, with age, sex and drug use as predicting factors of declining renal function. Confirmation of the increased sensitivity of CKD-EPI over MDRD-4 to detect this deterioration (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/epidemiologia , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/prevenção & controle , Fatores de Risco , Medicina de Família e Comunidade/métodos , Estudos Transversais/métodos , Taxa de Filtração Glomerular/fisiologia , Análise de Variância
15.
Rev. clín. med. fam ; 13(3): 219-222, oct. 2020. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS (Espanha) | ID: ibc-201372

RESUMO

El crecimiento patológico del bazo se denomina esplenomegalia. Su detección supone un reto en las consultas de Atención Primaria por el amplio abanico de posibilidades diagnósticas que supone, siendo las principales causas a descartar: infecciosas, tumorales y hematológicas. En nuestro trabajo presentamos un paciente varón de mediana edad que acude a consulta por vez primera porque presenta una tumoración abdominal palpable y no dolorosa de larga evolución. Su diagnóstico se basa en la obtención de imagen a través de alguna prueba de imagen para confirmar la presencia de esplenomegalia, siendo la ecografía la técnica de elección en Atención Primaria. Mediante la sospecha clínica y la realización de la ecografía en consulta llegamos al diagnóstico clínico


The pathological growth of the spleen is called splenomegaly. Its detection is a challenge in Primary Care due to the wide range of diagnostic possibilities involved, including as the main causes to be ruled out: infections, tumors, and hematological causes. We present the case of a middle-aged male patient who seeks care for the first time because he presents a palpable, painless abdominal lump of long evolution. The diagnosis is based on imaging tests to confirm the presence of splenomegaly, with ultrasound as the technique of choice in Primary Care. Clinical suspicion and ultrasound testing in the office lead to clinical diagnosis


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Esplenomegalia/diagnóstico por imagem , Transtornos Linfoproliferativos/diagnóstico por imagem , Leucemia Linfocítica Crônica de Células B/patologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Linfocitose/etiologia
16.
Rev. clín. med. fam ; 5(1): 3-8, feb.2012. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS (Espanha) | ID: ibc-99794

RESUMO

Objetivos. Evaluar el impacto de la incorporación a un programa de atención domiciliaria a crónicos sobre personas mayores dependientes y su satisfacción con el mismo. Diseño. Estudio de intervención sin asignación aleatoria tipo "antes-después". Emplazamiento. Atención Primaria. Urbano. Participantes. Personas mayores dependientes al incorporarse éstos a un programa de atención domiciliaria a crónicos (n=156, con un 7,8% de perdidas en el año de seguimiento). Intervenciones. Incorporación a un programa de atención domiciliaria a crónicos de personas mayores dependientes y evaluación en el momento de incorporación al programa y al año de la misma. Las variables evaluadas fueron: salud percibida (escala Likert), calidad de vida (cuestionario de Nottingham), frecuentación (visitas/año y frecuentadores) y satisfacción con la atención recibida (escala Likert y puntos positivos y negativos del programa). Resultados. No modificación significativa de la salud percibida ni de la calidad de vida en la valoración global, pero sí en mejoría (p<0,05) en las esferas emocionales y de relación social de dicha calidad de vida. Disminución de la frecuentación (14,2 vs 9,0; p<0,01) y del porcentaje de hiperfrecuentadores (34,0% vs 17,1%; p<0,01). El 85,4% de los pacientes consideran que la asistencia mejoró al final del año de intervención, con mejora significativa de la satisfacción de la asistencia recibida global (p<0,05), médica (p<0,05) y de enfermería (p<0,01): (7,8 vs 8,5; 8,0 vs 8,7 y 7,3 vs 8,4 respectivamente). Conclusiones. La incorporación a un programa de atención domiciliaria de personas dependientes repercute positivamente en los pacientes al mejorar su percepción sobre la asistencia recibida, reducir su utilización de los servicios sanitarios y mejorar algunas esferas de su calidad de vida(AU)


Objectives. To assess the impact of enrolling in a home care program for chronically dependent elderly people and satisfaction with care. Design. Non-randomized, before-and-after study. Setting. Primary Care. Urban. Participants. Chronically dependent elderly people enrolling in a home care program (n=156, with a 7.8% drop-out rate during the one-year trial). Measures. Chronically dependent elderly patients enrolling in a home care program with assessment at time of entry and one year later. Variables were: perceived health (Likert scale), quality of life (Nottingham Questionnaire), visits received (visitors and number of visits/year) and satisfaction with care received (Likert scale and positive and negative aspects of the program). Results. No significant change in perceived health or overall quality of life; however, there was improvement (p<0.05) specially in emotional quality of life and in social relationships. Number of visits decreased (14.2 vs 9.0; p<0.01), as well as percentage of frequent visitors (34.0% vs 17.1%; p<0.01). 85.4% of patients felt that care improved towards end of study, with significant improvement in satisfaction with overall care received (p<0.05), and with medical (p<0.05) and nursing care (p<0.01): (7.8 vs 8.5, 8.0 vs 8.7 and 7.3 vs 8.4, respectively). Conclusions. Enrolling in a home care program for dependent elderly people has a positive effect on patients by improving perception of care received, reducing use of health care services and improving certain aspects of quality of life(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Idoso Fragilizado/estatística & dados numéricos , Pacientes Domiciliares/legislação & jurisprudência , Serviços de Assistência Domiciliar/legislação & jurisprudência , Serviços de Assistência Domiciliar/organização & administração , Serviços de Assistência Domiciliar/normas , Serviços de Assistência Domiciliar , Moradias Assistidas/legislação & jurisprudência , Moradias Assistidas/métodos , Medicina de Família e Comunidade/métodos , Medicina de Família e Comunidade/tendências , Serviços de Saúde para Idosos/legislação & jurisprudência , Serviços de Saúde para Idosos/organização & administração , Serviços de Saúde para Idosos/normas
17.
Rev. clín. med. fam ; 4(1): 5-10, feb. 2011. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS (Espanha) | ID: ibc-126321

RESUMO

Objetivos. Conocer las características epidemiológicas de los contactos de personas con tuberculosis, la indicación de quimioprofilaxis primaria y/o secundaria en los mismos y el grado de seguimiento/perdidas del protocolo de estudio de los mismos. Diseño. Descriptivo, transversal. Emplazamiento. Área de Salud. Participantes. Universo de contactos de pacientes con tuberculosis estudiados en un servicio de Medicina Preventiva de un Área de Salud durante los años 2007 y 2008. Resultados. Fueron estudiados 419 contactos, los cuales tenían una edad media de 33,6 años; el 51,1% eran varones; el 17,4% eran inmigrantes con una estancia media en España de 5,3 años. Los factores de riesgo presentes en los mismos con mayor frecuencia fueron; tabaquismo (27%), consumo de alcohol (11,2%) y diabetes mellitus (1,2%). El 8,8% refería contacto previo con enfermos con tuberculosis, el 11% haberse realizado prueba PPD con anterioridad, el 6,7% haber recibido la vacunación BCG y el 3,3% haber realizado quimioprofilaxis con anterioridad. Únicamente el 1,7% de los contactos refería sintomatología compatible con tuberculosis. Respecto al tipo de contacto, el 6,4% era laboral (93,6% no laboral) y su intensidad diversa (intimo 10,9%; más de 6 h/d 32,9%, diario pero menos de 6 h/d 22,4% y más esporádico 33,7%). Las localizaciones más frecuentes de la enfermedad en los casos fueron pulmonar (78,4%), pleural (15%) y linfática (3,6%). Tras la realización del protocolo de estudio de contactos, el 42,5% precisó quimioprofilaxis primaria, el 11% quimioprofilaxis secundaria y el 1% pasó al estudio de enfermedad tuberculosa. El total de pacientes que no completaron el protocolo fue del 1,7%. Conclusiones. El estudio pone en evidencia la necesidad del estudio de contactos de pacientes con tuberculosis, ya que un alto porcentaje de los mismos precisan quimioprofilaxis. El porcentaje de pacientes que no completó el protocolo fue inferior al recogido en otras publicaciones, lo que probablemente determinó el escaso porcentaje de contactos que pasó a enfermedad (AU)


Objective. The objective of this study is to determine the epidemiological characteristics of contacts of persons diagnosed with tuberculosis, the indication for primary or/and secondary prophylaxis and the degree of compliance to the study protocol. Design. Descriptive, Cross-sectional study. Participants. People who had a tuberculosis contact and screened in a Preventive Medicine Department of the Toledo Health Area during the years 2007 and 2008. Results. We recruited 419 contacts, with a mean age of 33.6 years of whom 51.1% were male and 17.4% were immigrants with an average stay of 5.3 years in Spain. The most frequent risk factors in our sample were: smoking (27%), alcohol (11.2%) and diabetes mellitus (1.2%); 8.8% reported previous contact with TB patients, 11% having had prior PPD, 6.7% had received BCG vaccination and 3.3% reported having previously received chemoprophylaxis. Only 1.7% of the contacts reported symptoms compatible with tuberculosis. Regarding the type of contact, 6.4% of them were contacts in the work place (or working contacts) (93.6% were not related with the work place). Intensity varied (intimate 10.9%; over 6 hours daily 32.9%; daily but less than 6 hours a day 22.4% and more sporadic 33.7%). The most frequent sites of disease in those diagnosed with active disease were pulmonary (78.4%) (pleural 15%) and lymph nodes (3.6%). At the end of the contact tracing using our protocol 42.5% of the contacts required primary chemoprophylaxis, 11% secondary prophylaxis and 1% underwent further studies for active disease; 1.7% .of patients did not complete the protocol. Conclusions. This study demonstrates the need to screen tuberculosis contacts since a high percentage of them require chemoprophylaxis. The percentage of patients who did not complete the protocol in our study was inferior to that found in other publications, which probably determined the low percentage of contacts who were found to have active disease (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Tuberculose/epidemiologia , Quimioprevenção/métodos , Quimioprevenção , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Quimioprevenção/tendências , Estudos Transversais/métodos , Estudos Transversais , Fatores de Risco
18.
Rev. clín. med. fam ; 4(2): 150-161, 2011.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS (Espanha) | ID: ibc-90845

RESUMO

La medicalización de la vida es uno de los problemas que actualmente contribuyen a la masificación de las consultas del Médico de Familia y de los Servicios de Urgencias, provocando, a la vez, dificultades para proporcionar una atención de alta calidad y frustración en una buena parte de los profesionales. Entendemos por medicalización el proceso de convertir situaciones que han sido siempre normales en cuadros patológicos y pretender resolver, mediante la medicina, situaciones que no son médicas, sino sociales, profesionales o de las relaciones interpersonales. La medicalización es un proceso continuo que se autoalimenta y crece de forma constante, facilitado por una situación en la que la sociedad va perdiendo toda capacidad de resolución y su nivel de tolerancia. Su origen es multifactorial, existiendo diversas causas y actores implicados (sociedad, medios de comunicación, industria farmacéutica, políticos, gestores y profesionales sanitarios), jugando el sector sanitario un papel fundamental en dicho proceso. Los profesionales sanitarios son, a la vez, actores y victimas de dicho proceso. Presentamos en este documento una reflexión sobre el proceso de medicalización de la vida y los factores intervinientes(AU)


Medicalisation of every-day life is one of the problems currently contributing to the massification of visits to the Doctors’ surgeries or Hospital Emergency Departments, thus making it difficult to provide high quality healthcare and causing frustration for many health professionals. Medicalisation is understood as being the process of turning normal human conditions into medical conditions and trying to resolve them through medicines. Such conditions are not medical, but social or professional conditions or having to do with interpersonal relationships. Medicalisation is an on-going process that feeds on itself and is steadily growing, aided by a situation in which society is losing all ability of resolution and tolerance. Its origin is multifactorial, and there are several causes and actors implicated (society, the media, the pharmaceutical industry, politicians, managers and health professionals), the health sector playing a key role in this process. Health professionals are both the actors and the victims of this process. We present a reflection on the process of medicalisation of every-day life and the intervening factors(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Serviços de Saúde , Administração de Serviços de Saúde , Medicina de Família e Comunidade/legislação & jurisprudência , Medicina de Família e Comunidade/métodos , Atitude Frente a Saúde , Meios de Comunicação/tendências , Meios de Comunicação , Indústria Farmacêutica/métodos , Indústria Farmacêutica/tendências , Abreviaturas como Assunto , Serviços de Saúde/provisão & distribuição , Assistência Integral à Saúde/métodos , Assistência Integral à Saúde
19.
Rev. clín. med. fam ; 4(3): 211-218, oct. 2011.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS (Espanha) | ID: ibc-93599

RESUMO

La medicalización de la vida es uno de los problemas que actualmente contribuyen a la masificación de las consultas del Médico de Familia y de los Servicios de Urgencias, provocando, a la vez, dificultades para proporcionar una atención de alta calidad y frustración en una buena parte de los profesionales. Entendemos por medicalización el proceso de convertir situaciones que han sido siempre normales en cuadros patológicos y pretender resolver, mediante la medicina, situaciones que no son médicas, sino sociales, profesionales o de las relaciones interpersonales. Los profesionales sanitarios son, a la vez, actores y victimas de dicho proceso. La medicalización tiene como principales consecuencias la trasformación de personas sanas en enfermos, el aumento de daños iatrogénicos, el consumo de recursos sanitarios y la pérdida de eficacia y eficiencia de los mismos. Entre las actuaciones recomendadas cabe destacar acciones encaminadas a regular las expectativas de la población, delimitar el campo de acción de la medicina, fomentar el autocuidado y actuar de acuerdo con las evidencias sanitarias existentes (AU)


Medicalisation of every-day life is one of the problems currently contributing to the massification of visits to Doctors' surgeries or Hospital Emergency Departments, thus making it difficult to provide high quality healthcare and causing frustration for many health professionals. Medicalisation is understood as being the process of turning normal human conditions into medical conditions or diseases and trying to resolve them through medicines. Such conditions are not medical, but social or professional conditions or issues related to interpersonal relationships. Health professionals are both the actors and the victims of this process. The main consequences of medicalisation are: transforming healthy persons into patients, increasing iatrogenic harm and the consumption of healthcare resources and loss of efficacy and efficiency of the same. Amongst the recommended actions we emphasise those directed towards regulating the expectations of the population, restricting the field of action of medicine, encouraging self-care and acting according to current healthcare evidence (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Medicina de Família e Comunidade/métodos , Medicina de Família e Comunidade/organização & administração , Emergências/epidemiologia , Medicina de Emergência/métodos , Medicina de Emergência/organização & administração , Atividades Cotidianas/classificação , Sistemas de Medicação no Hospital/organização & administração , Sistemas de Medicação no Hospital/normas , Conduta do Tratamento Medicamentoso/organização & administração , Medicina de Família e Comunidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Medicina de Família e Comunidade/normas
20.
Rev. clín. med. fam ; 2(7): 332-339, jun. 2009. ilus, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS (Espanha) | ID: ibc-72880

RESUMO

Objetivo. Conocer la sobrecarga sentida por los cuidadores y las repercusiones que este rol representa sobre su calidad de vida, su salud en las esferas física, psíquica y social y su necesidad de utilización de los recursos sanitarios (frecuentación). Diseño. Estudio observacional y analítico de casos y controles Emplazamiento. Centro de salud de características urbanas. Participantes. El grupo de estudio fue formado por 156 cuidadores principales y el grupo control por 156 personas adscritas al centro de salud que no realizaban funciones de cuidador principal, emparejadas por edad, sexo y número de patologías crónicas padecidas. Mediciones. Características clínicas y sociodemo gráficas, datos relativos al rol de cuidador (parentesco, tiempo de desempeño del rol de cuidador, etc.), sobrecarga del cuidador (escala de Zarit), frecuentación, salud percibida, calidad de vida subjetiva (cuestionario de salud de Nottingham), presencia de sintomatología, ansiedad y depresión (EADG-18), función familiar (APGAR familiar y apoyo social percibido (cuestionario de Duke-UNC).Resultados. El 66,4% de los cuidadores presentaba sobrecarga en el test de Zarit. El 48,1% los cuidadores respondió que su salud era mala o muy mala, frente al 31,4% del grupo control (OR = 2,02; IC 95%: 1,27 - 3,21). La frecuentación media en el último año fue de 8,37 visitas/año en el grupo de cuidadores y de 7,12 visitas/año en el grupo control (p<0,01). Se observó una mayor prevalencia de ansiedad y depresión en el grupo de cuidadores, así como una mayor frecuencia de posible disfunción familiar y de sensación de apoyo social insuficiente. Conclusiones. Los resultados indican la necesidad de actuaciones multidisciplinarias encaminadas a apoyar a los cuidadores tanto de forma preventiva como de soporte (AU)


Objective. To determine caregiver burden and its repercussions on quality of life, physical and mental health and social life and the use for healthcare resources (frequency).Design. Observational, analytical, case control study. Setting. Primary Health Care Centre in an urban setting. Participants. The case group was made up of 156 primary caregivers and the control group of 156personas assigned to the Primary Health Care Centre who were not primary care givers. They were paired by age, gender and number of chronic diseases. Measurements. Clinical and socio-demographic characteristics, caregiver role characteristics (kinship, time performing role of caregiver, etc.), caregiver burden (Zarit scale), frequency, perceived health, subjective quality of life (Nottingham Health Profile), presence of anxiety and depression symptoms(GADS-18), family functioning (Family APGAR) and perception of family and social support (Duke-UNC questionnaire).Results. According to the Zarit scale, burden was present in 66.4% of caregivers. Compared to31.4% of persons in the control group, 48.1% of caregivers considered their health was poor or very poor (OR = 2.02; 95% CI: 1.27 – 3.21). The mean frequency in the last year was 8.37 visits/year in the caregiver group and 7.12 visits/year in the control group (p<0.01). A higher prevalence of anxiety and depression was observed in the caregiver group, and a greater frequency of possible family dysfunction and sensation of insufficient social support. Conclusions. The results indicate the need for multidisciplinary supportive and preventive interventions for caregivers. Such interventions have obtained positive results in several aspects both for the caregiver and the person cared for person. These interventions need to be adapted to the specific characteristics and needs of each caregiver (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Qualidade de Vida , Cuidadores/legislação & jurisprudência , Cuidadores/organização & administração , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Ansiedade/psicologia , Transtornos de Ansiedade/psicologia , Depressão/complicações , Depressão/psicologia , Apoio Social , Cuidadores/ética , Cuidadores/tendências , Cuidadores , Sinais e Sintomas , Inquéritos e Questionários
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