Epitheliocystis caused by a novel Chlamydia emerging in Spinibarbus denticulatus in China.

Epitheliocystis is an emerging and global aquaculture disease caused by a diverse range of bacteria of the order Chlamydiales. Here we report a case of epitheliocystis caused by a novel Chlamydia bacterium, which resulted in 40% mortality in cultured cyprinids (Spinibarbus denticulatus). The affected fish exhibited lethargy, were observed swimming near the oxygen pump and subsequently died. Histopathology analysis revealed that lesions were concentrated mainly on the gills. The epithelial cells of the damaged gill lamellae showed hyperplasia, fusion and adhesion, and were characterized by inflammation and necrosis. Inclusion bodies were observed in some proliferating epithelial cells at the tips of the gill lamellae and were accompanied by different degrees of mucous cell proliferation. Transmission electron microscopy examination clearly showed the morphological characteristics of chlamydia-like bacteria in epithelial cells. In addition, 16S rRNA sequencing (752 bp) and molecular phylogenetic analyses revealed that epitheliocystis agents detected in S. denticulatus belonged to a novel family, Chlamydiaceae. This is the first report of epitheliocystis in cultured fish in China, and the findings in this study increase the range of hosts affected by epitheliocystis.

Acute and Subacute toxicity study of Olaquindox by feeding to common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.).

Olaquindox, is a growth-promoting feed additive for food-producing animals. As the banned medicinal feed additive, olaquindox in animal feed and water must be concerned as an important hazard index. To improve studies of the toxicity of olaquindox, we provide a toxicological effects of olaquindox on a common freshwater fish, Cyprinus carpio L. The results of acute toxicity tests showed that the 7d-LD50 of olaquindox administered by feeding for common carp was determined to be 3746.3 mg/kg. We also found that the accumulation coefficient of olaquindox in carp was 1.45-1.9. Based on the studied hematological and blood biochemical parameters (RBCs count, hemoglobin content, ALT, AST and SOD activity), we found that olaquindox induced significant alterations in all studied parameters. Regarding bioaccumulation, the results showed that olaquindox had more efficiency to internalize fish tissues (liver, kidneys and muscle). The histopathological investigation of tissues from poisoning fish revealed various alterations that varied between adaptation responses and permanent tissue damage. Our results indicate that olaquindox are toxic to common carp and have obvious accumulation, and all the data from acute and subacute toxicity experiments in common carp may provide a useful tool for assessing the toxicity of olaquindox to aquatic organisms.

Wnt/ß-catenin signaling plays an important role in the protective effects of FDP-Sr against oxidative stress induced apoptosis in MC3T3-E1 cell.

Strontium fructose 1,6-diphosphate (FDP-Sr) is a new strontium-containing compound. The primary aim of this study was to clarify whether the structure component of FDP-Sr, FDP could benefit the protective effect of Sr (II) against oxidative stress induced apoptosis, and meanwhile to further explore the important role of Wnt/ß-catenin signaling in the anti-apoptosis effect of FDP-Sr in response to oxidative stress induced by H2O2 in an osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cell line. Results showed that FDP-Sr could improve the osteoblastic differentiation under oxidative stress with induced cell proliferation and improved mineralization. The inhibition effect of FDP-Sr on cell apoptosis induced by H2O2 was proved by reduced reactive oxygen species production and activated caspase3. Under oxidative stress, mRNA and protein levels of phospho-ß-catenin reduced, while ß-catenin increased in the FDP-Sr treatment cell, leaded to the up-regulations of Runx2 and OPG at both mRNA and protein levels, finally improved the differentiation of osteoblasts. By the engagement of Wnt/ß-catenin pathway's inhibitor (XAV-939), the protective effects of FDP-Sr on osteoblastic differentiation against oxidative stress were repressed along with inhibited wnt/ß-catenin signaling and reduced mRNA and protein levels of Runx2 and OPG. In conclusion, FDP-Sr was demonstrated to protect osteoblast differentiation from oxidative damage induced by H2O2 through up-regulation of Wnt/ß-catenin signaling, and FDP in FDP-Sr was able to directly improve the oxidative stress injury through its ROS scavenging ability.

Histopathology and treatment of a huge overhanging filtering bleb.

BACKGROUND: The giant filtering bleb encroaching onto the corneal surface is a rare occurrence in our and other's clinical experience (Kapoor and Syed, Int. Ophthalmol 31(5):403-404, 2011), even in patients having had a trabeculectomy with mitomycin C, and how it developed is debated. In this paper, we report a patient who developed a huge overhanging filtering bleb after trabeculectomy, and present our intraoperative photographs, histopathology and immunohistochemistry results. CASE PRESENTATION: A 62-year-old female visited our hospital due to the giant filtering bleb encroaching onto the corneal surface which was about 6 mm × 8 mm × 3 mm. We dissected the filtering bleb from the cornea and present the histopathology and immunohistochemistry results of it. CONCLUSION: The results from histopathology and immunohistochemistry in this study are consistent with the filtering cicatrix hypothesis. However, our finding that the overhanging blebs had tight connections with the corneal tissue or corneoscleral limbus, rather than simply leaning on it, might be highly related to their development and still needs to be further studied.

Evaluation of a concise fall risk stratification among older adults with cataracts in day surgery settings: A historically controlled study.

AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the use of a concise fall risk stratification in assessing and predicting falls compared with the Morse Falls Scale among older adults with cataracts in day surgery settings. METHODS: A historically controlled study conducted from July 2020 to June 2022 was used in a municipal ophthalmic hospital in China. The concise fall risk stratification which directly graded fall risk by multifactorial judgment was used during the intervention period, while the Morse Falls Scale which graded fall risk by scale scores was used during the control period. The fall risk levels, fall assessment time, fall rates, fall-related injuries, predictive validity, and patient satisfaction with day surgery care were extracted. Propensity score matching was performed to balance baselines. RESULTS: After matching, 4132 patients were included in the final analysis. Compared with the control group, the intervention group had significantly higher assessment results for fall risk level, a significantly shorter (by 48.15%) fall assessment time, and higher patient satisfaction. There were no differences in fall rates and fall-related injuries. Compared with the Morse Falls Scale, the concise fall risk stratification had higher sensitivity and negative predictive validity, and lower specificity and positive predictive validity, while the area under curve did not differ significantly. CONCLUSION: The use of the concise fall risk stratification reduced fall assessment time, improved patient satisfaction, and is unlikely to impact falls with an overall predictive performance comparable to that of the Morse Falls Scale for older cataract adults in day surgery settings.

2-(1-Methyl-2-oxoindolin-3-yl-idene)malono-nitrile.

The title mol-ecule, C12H7N3O, is almost planar, with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.026 Å. No directional interactions could be detected in the crystal.

5-Methyl-N-(1,3-thia-zol-2-yl)isoxazole-4-carboxamide.

In the title compound, C8H7N3O2S, the dihedral angle between the thia-zol and isoxazole rings is 34.08 (13)°. In the crystal, the mol-ecules are linked by pairs of N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming inversion dimers, and C-H⋯O inter-actions, resulting in chains along the b-axis direction.

6-Chloro-1-methyl-indoline-2,3-dione.

The title mol-ecule, C(9)H(6)ClNO(2), is essentially planar: the maximum deviation from the mean plane of the indoline ring is 0.020 (2) Šand the substituents do not deviate by more than 0.053 (2) Šfrom this plane. C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds help to consolidate the crystal structure.

1-Benzyl-4-chloro-indoline-2,3-dione.

There are two independent mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(15)H(10)ClNO(2), which differ in the dihedral angles between the mean planes of the phenyl ring and the 4-chloro-indoline-2,3-dione ring system [59.48 (9) and 79.0 (1)°]. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked through C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming polymeric chains in [100].

2-[(4,6-Dimeth-oxy-pyrimidin-2-yl)-oxy]benzaldehyde.

In the title compound, C(13)H(12)N(2)O(4), the dihedral angle between the benzene and pyrimidine rings is 55.57 (13)°. The carbonyl group and the two methoxyl groups are approximately coplanar with the benzene ring and pyrimidine ring; the C-C-C-O, C-O-C-N and C-O-C-C torsion angles being -6.1 (5), -4.8 (4) and 179.9 (3)°, respectively. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked via C-H⋯O inter-actions, forming chains propagating along [110].

2-(Hy-droxy-meth-yl)pyridin-3-ol.

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C(6)H(7)NO(2), the mol-ecules are are linked by inter-molecular O-H⋯N and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds; π-π stacking is observed between parallel pyridine rings of adjacent mol-ecules [centroid-to-centroid distance = 3.7649 (12) Å].

rac-Methyl 2-(2-formyl-4-nitro-phen-oxy)hexa-noate.

In the racemic title compound, C(14)H(17)NO(6), the plane of the ester group of the methyl hexa-noate side chain makes a dihedral angle of 80.0 (2)° with the benzene ring, while the nitro group is approximately coplanar with the benzene ring [dihedral angle = 10.3 (2)°]. In the crystal, mol-ecules form weak aromatic C-H⋯O(nitro) hydrogen-bonding inter-actions, giving inversion dimers [graph set R(2) (2)(8)].

5-Methyl-N-[2-(trifluoro-meth-yl)phen-yl]isoxazole-4-carboxamide.

In the title compound, C(12)H(9)F(3)N(2)O(2), the benzene ring is nearly perpendicular to the isoxazole ring, making a dihedral angle of 82.97 (2)°. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds into a supra-molecular chain running along the c axis.

[2-(1H-Indol-4-yl)eth-yl]dipropyl-amine.

In the title compound, C(16)H(24)N(2), the aliphatic amine substituent is rotated almost orthogonally [C-C-C-C torsion angle = 75.7 (3)°] out of the plane of the indole unit. The amine N atom has a pyramidal configuration deviating by 0.380 (3) Šfrom the plane of the adjacent C atoms. All of the aliphatic groups are in extended transoid conformations. In the crystal, mol-ecules form chains along the a axis via N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds.

N-Cyclo-hexyl-N-{[3-(4,6-dimeth-oxy-pyrimidin-2-yl-oxy)pyridin-2-yl]meth-yl}4,6-dimeth-oxy-pyrimidin-2-amine.

In the title compound, C(24)H(30)N(6)O(5), the cyclo-hexyl ring adopts a chair conformation, while the remainder of the mol-ecule adopts a U-shape. The dihedral angles between the pyridine ring and the pendant pyrimidine rings are 69.04 (12) and 75.99 (9)°. The two pyrimidine rings, however, are nearly parallel to one another, with a dihedral angle of 8.56 (15)° between them. They are also involved in an intra-molecular π-π stacking inter-action with a distance of 3.6627 (18) Šbetween the ring centroids. In the crystal, C-H⋯O contacts link the mol-ecules into chains along the b axis.

6-(1H-Tetra-zol-5-yl)-1H-indole monohydrate.

In the title compound, C(9)H(7)N(5)·H(2)O, the tetra-zole ring forms a dihedral angle of 1.82 (1)° with the mean plane of the indole fragment. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by inter-molecular O-H⋯N, N-H⋯O and N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds into a two-dimensional network parallel to (100). Addtional stabilization is provide by weak π-π inter-actions with a centroid-centroid distance of 3.698 (2) Å.

N-(4-Chloro-2-nitro-phen-yl)-5-methyl-isoxazole-4-carboxamide.

In the title compound, C(11)H(8)ClN(3)O(4), the dihedral angle between benzene and isoxazole rings is 9.92 (1) °. The nitro group is almost coplanar with the benzene ring with an O-N-C-C torsion angle of 8.4 (3)°. The mol-ecular conformation is stabilized by an intra-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bond, closing a six-membered ring.

1-Benzyl-6-chloro-indoline-2,3-dione.

In the title compound, C(15)H(10)ClNO(2),the dihedral angle between the mean planes of the benzene and 6-chloro-indoline-2,3-dione ring systems, linked through a methyl-ene group, is 81.68 (10)°. In the crystal, mol-ecules are connected by C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, generating C(6) chains propagating in [010].

3-Chloro-azepan-2-one.

In the title compound, C(6)H(10)ClNO, an inter-mediate for the production of lysine, there are intra-molecular C-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds.

4-(1H-Tetra-zol-5-yl)-1H-indole.

There are two mol-ecules with similar configurations in the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(9)H(7)N(5), which are linked by inter-molecular N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds into chains with graph-set motif C(2) (2)(8) along the b axis. The indole core has the expected planar geometry in the two mol-ecules, with a maximum deviation of 0.008 (8) Šfrom the least-squares plane defined by the nine constituent atoms, and the dihedral angles between the indole and tetra-zole rings are similar [42.4 (2) and 42.7 (2)°].