RESUMO
A 27-bp variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) in intron 4 of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene has been associated with the risk for developing diabetic retinopathy (DR) in various ethnic populations. Hundred and eighty seven patients with retinopathy (cases; DR+) and 188 patients without retinopathy (controls: DR-) from southern India who had type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) for more than 10 years, were included in the study. We could neither find significant allelic association with clinical severity of DR nor with macular edema. Our results suggest lack of association of intron 4 VNTR of eNOS gene with DR in southern India.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Retinopatia Diabética/genética , Íntrons , Repetições Minissatélites/genética , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo III/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Alelos , Estudos de Coortes , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/enzimologia , Retinopatia Diabética/enzimologia , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Índia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The present study was undertaken to elucidate the most frequently visited health care provider by the population attending a tertiary eye care hospital in South India. METHODS: A trained observer administered the questionnaire to 150 literate subjects aged above 30 years. Data collection included factors such as age, gender, single-index socioeconomic status (monthly income), presence of diabetes, and the name of the health care provider, including the number of times he or she was visited in the last 1 and 6 months. RESULTS: A total of 122 individuals (including persons with or without diabetes) responded to the questionnaire. Pharmacists were the most frequently visited health care providers; a pharmacist was visited nearly every month by a person with diabetes and about once in 2 months by a person without diabetes. CONCLUSION: This study revealed that the most frequently visited health care providers by the population with diabetes were pharmacists.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/terapia , Farmacêuticos/estatística & dados numéricos , Médicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Assistência Ambulatorial/estatística & dados numéricos , Comportamento de Escolha , Feminino , Humanos , Índia/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Polymorphisms in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene have been associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR) in various populations. A promoter polymorphism and a 3'UTR variation are studied for association with DR. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Type 2 diabetic patients with and without retinopathy were recruited. The -634C/G and 936C/T polymorphisms were genotyped by direct sequencing and their frequencies were analyzed using relevant statistical tests. RESULTS: No significant association was observed between genotypes, alleles and haplotypes of -634C/G and 936C/T polymorphisms and DR or its severity. However, C(-634)G genotype was found to increase the risk for DR in patients with microalbuminuria (OR: 8.9, 95% CI: 1.4, 58.3). CONCLUSION: Our study broadly suggests lack of association of VEGF gene polymorphisms with DR.