Investigation of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies and leptospiruria in cats attended to a veterinary teaching hospital in southern Brazil.

Leptospirosis is a bacterial zoonosis that affects both humans and animals worldwide. Currently, it is known that cats may be susceptible to infection. This study aims to investigate the presence of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies and leptospiruria in cats, using Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) and Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) techniques, respectively. A total of 76 cats, undergoing comprehensive anamnesis, general physical examination, and complementary exams were included in the investigation. Among the 76 cats tested, 9.2% (7/76) exhibited the presence of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies, while Leptospira spp. DNA was detected in at 1.3% (1/76) of the evaluated urine samples. No significant associations were observed between the serological and molecular diagnostic results and the assessed variables, including clinical data and laboratory results of cats testing positive. This study provides insight into the occurrence of Leptospira spp. infection and leptospiruria in cats treated at a veterinary teaching hospital in southern Brazil.

Laryngeal Paralysis Following Endotracheal Intubation in a Dog: A Case Report.

The occurrence of laryngeal paralysis following endotracheal intubation in dogs is rare. A one-year-old canine was presented with aspiration pneumonia in the postoperative period following general anesthesia for acetabular denervation surgery. After a month of treatment for aspiration pneumonia, the patient had inspiratory stridor and dyspnea, and the diagnosis of unilateral laryngeal paralysis was made through laryngoscopy. Along with the benefits of endotracheal intubation come many risks. Laryngeal paralysis can be a serious complication, predisposing the patient to aspiration. This report is the second in veterinary medicine to describe laryngeal paralysis as a possible complication after endotracheal intubation in a dog.

Malignant tumor of peripheral nerve sheath in the thoracolumbar region in a cat

Background: In veterinary medicine, peripheral nerve tumors (PNST) are classified from the cellular pattern and as benign and malignant (MPNST). The majorities of cases are benign and usually involve the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the head, neck, and limbs. Animals with MPTNS usually have spinal cord and spinal canal involvement and are also described in the small and large intestine, oral cavity, perirenal region, and urinary bladder. Treatment is performed according to the location of the neoplasm and metastasis is rarely described. The present article aims to report a case of a malignant tumor in the peripheral nerve sheath of a cat. Case: A 8-year-old domestic cat was presented with a history of progressive paresis in the pelvic limbs. On neurological evaluation, proprioceptive ataxia and proprioception deficit in the pelvic limbs were observed, suggestive of thoracolumbar injury. Blood work and serum biochemistry showed results within the reference for the species and the bi-directional immunochromatography test for FIV and FeLV were negative. The radiographs of the thoracolumbar segment did not show significant changes. Myelography with iodinated contrast and collection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were performed. On myelography examination, iodinated contrast loss was found between the 6th and 7th thoracic vertebrae, while the CSF analysis was normal. The patient underwent laminectomy and durotomy for excision of a mass found dorsally to the spinal cord, with intradural location. The tumor was sent for histopathological examination. Microscopic analysis showed neoplastic proliferation of spindle-shaped cells with predominance of the Antoni A pattern. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated intense cytoplasmic staining of the neoplastic cells for vimentin and S100 protein. Based on these findings, the diagnosis of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor was made. Radiotherapy was suggested as adjuvant treatment after surgical procedure. However, the owner refuse to follow this recommendation due to cost restriction. The patient had a satisfactory clinical recovery, he has no longer presented proprioceptive ataxia or proprioception deficits in three months after the surgical procedure. Discussion: In the case described, the feline patient presented a history, clinical signs, and findings in the myelography exam related to MPNST in the region of the vertebral canal. This neoplasm usually involves the spinal canal or spinal cord, but has been described in other locations, such in the small and large intestine, oral cavity, perirenal region, and urinary bladder. Based on the findings of the physical examination and complementary exams, a surgical procedure was recommended. Then, laminectomy and dutoromy were performed to remove the mass. The treatment described in the literature in cases of MPTNS is surgery, which can be curative, but in some cases, the use of radiotherapy may be necessary. The histological patterns observed in this neoplasm are the Antoni A and B, in the case described the Antoni A pattern was observed. The definitive diagnosis was made by immunohistochemistry with vimentin and S100 protein. MPNST are few described in the thoracolumbar region in cats. The surgical treatment was curative, where improvement of the clinical signs could be observed three months after surgery. In addition, monitoring of patients is recommended to ascertain relapses and metastases.

Uso do plasma rico em plaquetas como adjuvante no tratamento de lesão meniscal e tendinose de calcâneo em um cão / Use of platelet-rich plasma as an adjuvant on treatment of meniscal lesion and tendinosis of calcaneus in a dog

O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar o caso de um cão com lesão meniscal associado à tendinose de calcâneo tratado com aplicação única de plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) intraarticular e intratendínea. Foi atendido um cão da raça Boxer com dificuldade de deambulação há três meses. Observou-se claudicação grau II/IV em ambos os membros pélvicos, atrofia muscular bilateral, dor e leve crepitação em joelho esquerdo, discreta instabilidade aos testes de gaveta e tibial cranial, com intensa fibrose medial à articulação e espessamento/rigidez do tendão calcâneo direito. O estudo radiográfico demonstrou artrose moderada no joelho esquerdo e, ao exame ultrassonográfico, constatou-se áreas de hipoecogenicidade em menisco medial esquerdo e ruptura de fibras musculares do tendão calcâneo direito. Sendo assim, o paciente foi diagnosticado com insuficiência do ligamento cruzado cranial crônica, com estabilidade fibrótica periarticular, e lesão meniscal em joelho esquerdo e tendinose de calcâneo direito. Foram prescritos condroprotetores, diacereína, fisioterapia e uma aplicação de PRP intra-articular e intratendínea. Para a concentração do PRP, foram coletados 50mL de sangue autólogo, os quais foram depositados em frascos contendo citrato de sódio. Foi realizada dupla centrifugação, sendo a primeira com força de120g e a segunda 240g, ambas por dez minutos. Ao final, obteve-se 2mL de PRP com246.000 plaquetas/µL (antes da concentração o sangue tinha 141.000 plaquetas/µL). A aplicação ocorreu de forma asséptica, sob anestesia geral e guiada por ultrassom. Foram injetados 1ml intra-articular em joelho esquerdo, 0,25mL em região perilesional e 0,75mLintralesional em tendão calcâneo direito. Após 14 dias, notou-se grau de claudicação I/IV e discreto fortalecimento muscular. Foi mantido o tratamento clínico com fisioterapia e condroprotetores com retornos periódicos para acompanhamento da evolução. Conclui-se que o uso do PRP foi importante adjuvante na terapia clínica empregada.

The aim of this paper is to report the case of a dog with meniscal lesion associated with calcaneal tendinosis treated with single application of intra-articular and intratendinous platelet rich plasma (PRP). A dog of the Boxer racer with difficulty walking was treated three months ago. Grade II/IV lameness was observed in both pelvic limbs, bilateral muscle atrophy, pain and slight crepitation in the left knee, slight instability to the drawer and cranial tibial tests, with intense medial fibrosis to the joint and right calcaneal tendon thickening/stiffness. The radiographic study showed moderate arthrosis in the left knee, and ultrasound examination revealed areas of hypoechogenicity in the left medial meniscus and rupture of the right calcaneal tendon muscle fibers. Thus, the patient was diagnosed with chronic cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency, periarticular fibrotic stability, and left meniscal injury and right calcaneal tendinosis. Chondroprotectors, diacerein, physiotherapyand an application of intra-articular and intratendinous PRP were prescribed. For the PRP concentration, 50mL of autologous blood were collected and deposited in vials containing sodium citrate. A double centrifugation was performed, the first strength of 120g and the second 240g, both for ten minutes. At the end, 2mL of PRP was obtained with 246.000platelets/µL (before concentration the blood had 141.000 platelets/µL). The application occurred aseptically, under general anesthesia and guided by ultrasound. We injected 1mlintra-articular in the left knee, 0.25mL in the perilesional region and 0.75mL intralesional in the right calcaneal tendon. After 14 days, I/IV lameness and slight muscle strengthening were noted. Clinical treatment with physiotherapy and chondroprotectors was maintained, with periodic returns to follow the evolution. It was concluded that the use of PRP was an important adjuvant in the clinical therapy employed.

Uso do plasma rico em plaquetas como adjuvante no tratamento de lesão meniscal e tendinose de calcâneo em um cão / Use of platelet-rich plasma as an adjuvant on treatment of meniscal lesion and tendinosis of calcaneus in a dog

O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar o caso de um cão com lesão meniscal associado à tendinose de calcâneo tratado com aplicação única de plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) intraarticular e intratendínea. Foi atendido um cão da raça Boxer com dificuldade de deambulação há três meses. Observou-se claudicação grau II/IV em ambos os membros pélvicos, atrofia muscular bilateral, dor e leve crepitação em joelho esquerdo, discreta instabilidade aos testes de gaveta e tibial cranial, com intensa fibrose medial à articulação e espessamento/rigidez do tendão calcâneo direito. O estudo radiográfico demonstrou artrose moderada no joelho esquerdo e, ao exame ultrassonográfico, constatou-se áreas de hipoecogenicidade em menisco medial esquerdo e ruptura de fibras musculares do tendão calcâneo direito. Sendo assim, o paciente foi diagnosticado com insuficiência do ligamento cruzado cranial crônica, com estabilidade fibrótica periarticular, e lesão meniscal em joelho esquerdo e tendinose de calcâneo direito. Foram prescritos condroprotetores, diacereína, fisioterapia e uma aplicação de PRP intra-articular e intratendínea. Para a concentração do PRP, foram coletados 50mL de sangue autólogo, os quais foram depositados em frascos contendo citrato de sódio. Foi realizada dupla centrifugação, sendo a primeira com força de120g e a segunda 240g, ambas por dez minutos. Ao final, obteve-se 2mL de PRP com246.000 plaquetas/µL (antes da concentração o sangue tinha 141.000 plaquetas/µL). A aplicação ocorreu de forma asséptica, sob anestesia geral e guiada por ultrassom. Foram injetados 1ml intra-articular em joelho esquerdo, 0,25mL em região perilesional e 0,75mLintralesional em tendão calcâneo direito. Após 14 dias, notou-se grau de claudicação I/IV e discreto fortalecimento muscular. Foi mantido o tratamento clínico com fisioterapia e condroprotetores com retornos periódicos para acompanhamento da evolução. Conclui-se que o uso do PRP foi importante adjuvante na terapia clínica empregada.(AU)

The aim of this paper is to report the case of a dog with meniscal lesion associated with calcaneal tendinosis treated with single application of intra-articular and intratendinous platelet rich plasma (PRP). A dog of the Boxer racer with difficulty walking was treated three months ago. Grade II/IV lameness was observed in both pelvic limbs, bilateral muscle atrophy, pain and slight crepitation in the left knee, slight instability to the drawer and cranial tibial tests, with intense medial fibrosis to the joint and right calcaneal tendon thickening/stiffness. The radiographic study showed moderate arthrosis in the left knee, and ultrasound examination revealed areas of hypoechogenicity in the left medial meniscus and rupture of the right calcaneal tendon muscle fibers. Thus, the patient was diagnosed with chronic cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency, periarticular fibrotic stability, and left meniscal injury and right calcaneal tendinosis. Chondroprotectors, diacerein, physiotherapyand an application of intra-articular and intratendinous PRP were prescribed. For the PRP concentration, 50mL of autologous blood were collected and deposited in vials containing sodium citrate. A double centrifugation was performed, the first strength of 120g and the second 240g, both for ten minutes. At the end, 2mL of PRP was obtained with 246.000platelets/µL (before concentration the blood had 141.000 platelets/µL). The application occurred aseptically, under general anesthesia and guided by ultrasound. We injected 1mlintra-articular in the left knee, 0.25mL in the perilesional region and 0.75mL intralesional in the right calcaneal tendon. After 14 days, I/IV lameness and slight muscle strengthening were noted. Clinical treatment with physiotherapy and chondroprotectors was maintained, with periodic returns to follow the evolution. It was concluded that the use of PRP was an important adjuvant in the clinical therapy employed.(AU)

Occurrence of endoparasites with zoonotic potential in the city of Uruguaiana-RS / Ocorrência de endoparasitos com potencial zoonótico no município de Uruguaiana-RS

The presence of feces of companion animals in public squares contaminated with endoparasite eggs with zoonotic potential plays a fundamental role in the transmission of diseases to the population. In this context, Cutaneous Larva Migrans and Visceral Larva Migrans are important zoonosis. In the city of Uruguaiana-RS, as well as in the national panorama, there is a shortage of data that contemplate the current contamination of public areas in order to map critical areas for the implementation of public policies to prevent these diseases. Thus, we evaluated the occurrence of endoparasites in the public squares of Uruguaiana-RS through the collection of feces in these places. A total of 87 fecal samples were collected, in which 23 were positive for endoparasite eggs with zoonotic potential. In the compilation of the data, we found higher prevalence of Ancylostoma spp. than Toxocara spp. in not fenced public squares. Compared with previous studies, a decrease in contamination of feces found and collected was observed. Thus, possible causes and suggested preventive measures were raised, as well as responsible ownership and health education to reduce environmental contamination of the city.

A presença de fezes de animais de companhia em praças públicas, contaminadas com ovos de endoparasitos com potencial zoonótico, tem papel fundamental na transmissão de doenças para a população. Neste contexto, Larva Migrans Cutânea e Larva Migrans Visceral são importantes zoonoses. No município de Uruguaiana-RS, assim como no panorama nacional, há escassez de dados que contemplem a atual contaminação de áreas públicas a fim de mapear áreas críticas para a implementação de políticas públicas de prevenção destas doenças. Desta forma, se avaliou a ocorrência de endoparasitos em praças do município de Uruguaiana-RS através da coleta de fezes nestes locais. Foram coletadas 87 amostras de fezes, sendo 23 positivas para ovos de endoparasitos com potencial zoonótico. Na compilação dos dados obteve-se maior prevalência de ovos de Ancylostoma spp. que Toxocara spp. nas praças não cercadas. Em comparação com estudos anteriores percebeu-se uma diminuição da contaminação das fezes encontradas e coletadas. Sendo assim, foram levantadas possíveis causas e sugeridas medidas preventivas, além da posse responsável e educação em saúde para reduzir a contaminação ambiental do munícipio.

Occurrence of endoparasites with zoonotic potential in the city of Uruguaiana-RS / Ocorrência de endoparasitos com potencial zoonótico no município de Uruguaiana-RS

The presence of feces of companion animals in public squares contaminated with endoparasite eggs with zoonotic potential plays a fundamental role in the transmission of diseases to the population. In this context, Cutaneous Larva Migrans and Visceral Larva Migrans are important zoonosis. In the city of Uruguaiana-RS, as well as in the national panorama, there is a shortage of data that contemplate the current contamination of public areas in order to map critical areas for the implementation of public policies to prevent these diseases. Thus, we evaluated the occurrence of endoparasites in the public squares of Uruguaiana-RS through the collection of feces in these places. A total of 87 fecal samples were collected, in which 23 were positive for endoparasite eggs with zoonotic potential. In the compilation of the data, we found higher prevalence of Ancylostoma spp. than Toxocara spp. in not fenced public squares. Compared with previous studies, a decrease in contamination of feces found and collected was observed. Thus, possible causes and suggested preventive measures were raised, as well as responsible ownership and health education to reduce environmental contamination of the city.(AU)

A presença de fezes de animais de companhia em praças públicas, contaminadas com ovos de endoparasitos com potencial zoonótico, tem papel fundamental na transmissão de doenças para a população. Neste contexto, Larva Migrans Cutânea e Larva Migrans Visceral são importantes zoonoses. No município de Uruguaiana-RS, assim como no panorama nacional, há escassez de dados que contemplem a atual contaminação de áreas públicas a fim de mapear áreas críticas para a implementação de políticas públicas de prevenção destas doenças. Desta forma, se avaliou a ocorrência de endoparasitos em praças do município de Uruguaiana-RS através da coleta de fezes nestes locais. Foram coletadas 87 amostras de fezes, sendo 23 positivas para ovos de endoparasitos com potencial zoonótico. Na compilação dos dados obteve-se maior prevalência de ovos de Ancylostoma spp. que Toxocara spp. nas praças não cercadas. Em comparação com estudos anteriores percebeu-se uma diminuição da contaminação das fezes encontradas e coletadas. Sendo assim, foram levantadas possíveis causas e sugeridas medidas preventivas, além da posse responsável e educação em saúde para reduzir a contaminação ambiental do munícipio.(AU)

Hipertrofia muscular intestinal da válvula íleo-ceco-cólica em cão / Intestinal muscular hipertrophy of ileus-cecal-colic valve in a dog

O presente relato tem o objetivo de alertar o clínico quanto à dificuldade diagnóstica e a importância da hipertrofia íleo-ceco-cólica em obstruções intestinais em cães. As obstruções intestinais são afecções frequentemente encontradas, sendo a ingestão de corpos estranhos a principal causa. A hipertrofia muscular intestinal pode ser causada por estenose ou por origem idiopática, sendo incomum na espécie canina. Os sinais clínicos são inespecíficos, havendo necessidade de exame histopatológico. Foi atendido um cão com quadro de vômito, anorexia e aquesia há 20 dias. Os estudos de imagem revelaram obstrução total na região do intestino delgado com distensão de alças, mas não foi possível elucidar a localização precisa e nem a causa da mesma. O paciente foi encaminhado para a celiotomia exploratória com suspeita de obstrução intestinal de origem a esclarecer. Durante a cirurgia, notou-se uma alteração na região da válvula íleo-ceco-cólica, e a mesma foi removida e encaminhada para análise histopatológica, que confirmou a hipertrofia muscular intestinal. No entanto, as sequelas da obstrução completa e crônica do intestino culminaram como óbito do paciente.

In the small animal clinical routine, intestinal obstructions are frequently encountrered, and foreign body intake is the main cause. However, there are other causes of digestive tract obstructions. The intestinal muscular hipertrophy can be caused by stenosis or idiopathic origin. It’s frequenly reported in horse ileus, but little reported in canines. The clinical signs include emesis, diarrhea and anorexia, among other signs of intestinal obstruction, but by having nonspecific signs, there is difficulty in closing diagnosis, requiring histopathological exam. A dog with vomiting, anorexia and dyskinesia about 20 days ago was seen at HUVet. A general physical examination, complete blood count, serious biochemistry, abdominal ultrasonography and simple and contrasting abdominal radiographs were performed. The patient was referred to an exploratory laparotomy with suspected intestinal obstruction and paralytic ileus. During surgery, a change was observed in the ileus-cecal-colic valve region, and it was removed and referred for histopathological analysis, which confirmed intestinal muscular hypertrophy.

Hipertrofia muscular intestinal da válvula íleo-ceco-cólica em cão / Intestinal muscular hipertrophy of ileus-cecal-colic valve in a dog

O presente relato tem o objetivo de alertar o clínico quanto à dificuldade diagnóstica e a importância da hipertrofia íleo-ceco-cólica em obstruções intestinais em cães. As obstruções intestinais são afecções frequentemente encontradas, sendo a ingestão de corpos estranhos a principal causa. A hipertrofia muscular intestinal pode ser causada por estenose ou por origem idiopática, sendo incomum na espécie canina. Os sinais clínicos são inespecíficos, havendo necessidade de exame histopatológico. Foi atendido um cão com quadro de vômito, anorexia e aquesia há 20 dias. Os estudos de imagem revelaram obstrução total na região do intestino delgado com distensão de alças, mas não foi possível elucidar a localização precisa e nem a causa da mesma. O paciente foi encaminhado para a celiotomia exploratória com suspeita de obstrução intestinal de origem a esclarecer. Durante a cirurgia, notou-se uma alteração na região da válvula íleo-ceco-cólica, e a mesma foi removida e encaminhada para análise histopatológica, que confirmou a hipertrofia muscular intestinal. No entanto, as sequelas da obstrução completa e crônica do intestino culminaram como óbito do paciente.(AU)

In the small animal clinical routine, intestinal obstructions are frequently encountrered, and foreign body intake is the main cause. However, there are other causes of digestive tract obstructions. The intestinal muscular hipertrophy can be caused by stenosis or idiopathic origin. Its frequenly reported in horse ileus, but little reported in canines. The clinical signs include emesis, diarrhea and anorexia, among other signs of intestinal obstruction, but by having nonspecific signs, there is difficulty in closing diagnosis, requiring histopathological exam. A dog with vomiting, anorexia and dyskinesia about 20 days ago was seen at HUVet. A general physical examination, complete blood count, serious biochemistry, abdominal ultrasonography and simple and contrasting abdominal radiographs were performed. The patient was referred to an exploratory laparotomy with suspected intestinal obstruction and paralytic ileus. During surgery, a change was observed in the ileus-cecal-colic valve region, and it was removed and referred for histopathological analysis, which confirmed intestinal muscular hypertrophy.(AU)