[Pilot tests using molecular diagnostic assay cervicovaginal infection during pregnancy]. / Ensayo piloto del uso de pruebas moleculares para el diagnóstico de infecciones cervicovaginales en pacientes embarazadas.

Background: The prevalence of cervicovaginal infections during pregnancy has been associated with adverse perinatal outcomes however, the actual approach used for diagnosis is not effective. The aim of this study was to compare the diagnosis of vaginal infections in pregnant women using clinical, molecular diagnostic and traditional microbiological culture in a pilot study, to determine the prevalence and association with the development of preterm labor. Materials and methods: We performed a nested cross-sectional study composed by 54 women in a cohort of pregnant women in Mexico City. Cervicovaginal infections were evaluated by clinical methods, microbiology culture and a commercially available molecular biology test. Results: Prevalence of cervicovaginal infections during pregnancy was estimated between 28% and 50% according to methodologies. Considering the clinical diagnosis of preterm labor as the gold standard, all diagnostic tests were poor as predictors of preterm labor. Conclusion: Traditional approaches to establish the significance of cervicovaginal infection in pregnancy are exhausted, so be sought new ways to understand this complex relationship. Meanwhile it is recommended to continue to use traditional methods to identify infections during pregnancy in both knowledge of new methods aimed at understanding these relationships are sophisticated.

Complicaciones perinatales asociadas con la ganancia excesiva de peso durante el embarazo / Perinatal outcomes associated to overweight gain during pregnancy in women at a regional hospital in northwest of Mexico

Resumen OBJETIVO: evaluar la asociación entre la ganancia de peso durante el embarazo y las complicaciones perinatales: enfermedad hipertensiva del embarazo, diabetes gestacional, cesárea de urgencia y macrosomía fetal. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: estudio de casos y controles anidados en una cohorte de pacientes que recibieron control prenatal y atención del parto en el Hospital General Regional del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social de Ciudad Obregón, Sonora. Los momios se calcularon según las complicaciones perinatales, el índice de masa corporal pregestacional y la ganancia total de peso durante todo el embarazo. RESULTADOS: se seleccionó una cohorte de seguimiento de 714 pacientes de las que solo se estudió a 426 que, a su vez, se dividieron en dos grupos de 213 cada uno: de casos y controles. En el grupo de casos la frecuencia de obesidad fue de 17.6% (n = 55) y 40.3% (n=126) de sobrepeso. En el grupo control 6.7% (n=21) de obesidad y 50.8% (n=159) en los controles. En comparación con las pacientes con peso pregestacional normal, no se observó riesgo significativo de complicaciones perinatales en las pacientes con sobrepeso previo a la gestación (RM=0.79, IC 95%: 0.57-1.11, p=0.189). En las pacientes con obesidad pregestacional se observó un riesgo significativo (RM=2.63, IC 95%: 1.51- 4.60, p=.001). CONCLUSIONES: la ganancia de peso a lo largo del embarazo, superior a la recomendada, es un factor riesgo significativo de complicaciones perinatales, independiente del peso previo a la gestación.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between weight gain during pregnancy and perinatal complications: hypertensive pregnancy disease, gestational diabetes, emergency cesarean section and fetal macrosomia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nested case-control study in a cohort of patients who received prenatal care and delivery care at the Regional General Hospital of the Mexican Social Security Institute of Ciudad Obregon, Sonora. The odds were calculated according to perinatal complications, pregestational body mass index and total weight gain throughout pregnancy. RESULTS: A follow-up cohort of 714 patients was selected, of whom only 426 were studied, which in turn were divided into two groups of 213 each: cases and controls. In the group of cases the frequency of obesity was 17.6% (n=55) and 40.3% (n=126) of overweight. In the control group 6.7% (n=21) of obesity and 50.8% (n=159) in controls. Compared with patients with normal pregestational weight, no significant risk of perinatal complications was observed in pre-gestational overweight (OR=0.79, CI 95%: 0.57-1.11, p=0.189). A significant risk was observed in patients with pregestational obesity (OR=2.63, CI 95%: 1.51- 4.60, p=.001). CONCLUSIONS: Weight gain during pregnancy, higher than recommended, is a significant risk factor for perinatal complications, independent of pre-gestational weight.