Corrigendum: Quality of the Physical Education Teacher's Instruction in the Perspective of Self-Determination.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.708441.].

Quality of the Physical Education Teacher's Instruction in the Perspective of Self-Determination.

The teacher's instructions in physical education class have important implications for the psychological well-being of their students. The aim of this study was to analyze, under the postulates of the Self-Determination Theory (SDT), a model with the following sequence: the perception of the quality of the instructions (task presentation, amount of corrective feedback, and its legitimate perception) generated by the physical education teacher, the satisfaction of the three basic psychological needs and the subjective vitality in young students. The participants were 890 students (462 males and 428 females) of primary level from the metropolitan area of Monterrey, Mexico, between ages 11 and 13 (M = 11.36; SD = 0.49). The structural equation modeling showed positive and significant associations in all model interrelations, that is, task presentation and the amount of corrective feedback (B = 0.88, p < 0.001), and this in turn with legitimate perception (B = 0.81, p < 0.001); the legitimate perception of feedback and the satisfaction of the need for autonomy, competence, and relatedness (B = 0.63, p < 0.001; B = 0.90, p < 0.001; B = 1.01, p < 0.001, respectively); finally, the satisfaction of the three psychological needs and the subjective vitality (B = 0.12, p < 0.01; B = 0.43, p < 0.001; B = 0.24, p < 0.001, respectively). Therefore, the importance of a quality task presentation, as well as providing corrective feedback based on support for autonomy, is evident, so that students perceive it legitimately and thus facilitate the satisfaction of their basic psychological needs and in consequence, indicators of psychological well-being such as subjective vitality.

Students' Perceptions of Teachers' Corrective Feedback, Basic Psychological Needs and Subjective Vitality: A Multilevel Approach.

The way students perceive corrective feedback has repercussions on what they learn and think. Based on the self-determination theory, the aim of this study is to test a model of multilevel mediation that examines the relationships between the perception of corrective feedback with its degree of acceptance (perceived legitimacy) at the team level and the subjective vitality of students at the individual level, mediated by the satisfaction of the three psychological needs, in the context of physical education. The participants were 742 students aged between 10 and 13 years old (52.6% men, 47.4% women) in 29 physical education groups. The results of the multilevel structural equation modeling analysis found at the group (between) level a positive and significant relationship between corrective feedback and perceived legitimacy (B between = 0.49, p < 0.01), as well as a positive and significant relationship between perceived legitimacy and the needs of competence (B between = 0.66, p < 0.05) and relatedness (B between = 0.95, p < 0.01). In addition, there was a positive and significant association between competence and subjective vitality (B between = 2.06, p < 0.01), and a negative and significant association between relatedness and subjective vitality (B between = -0.85, p < 0.01). Also, on an individual (within) level, the needs of autonomy (B within = 0.09, p < 0.05), competence (B within = 0.27, p < 0.01), and relatedness (B within = 0.17, p < 0.01) were positively and significantly associated with subjective vitality. Finally, corrective feedback showed a positive indirect effect on subjective vitality through perceived legitimacy and competence, while the indirect effect was negative through perceived legitimacy and relatedness. In conclusion, on an individual level, students who perceive their basic psychological needs to be met in turn, increase their subjective vitality. At the group level, the results are discussed. These findings suggest that teachers might be best advised to ensure that their students accept corrective feedback, by having it couched in a manner that suggests that learning and improvement can follow, and communicated in an autonomy-supporting way.

Bad news for the patient and the family? The worst part of being a health care professional.

In Spain, there is a general tendency to conceal the prognosis from a terminally ill patient. We conducted grounded-theory-based, phenomenological, qualitative research on this using a final sample of 42 in-depth interviews with doctors and nurses from different fields. We found that most health professionals believe that although patients don't ask questions, they know what is happening to them. Many professionals feel bad when communicating bad news. In hospitals, doctors take responsibility for doing so. The attitudes of professionals are influenced by their sense of responsibility and commitment to the principle of patient autonomy, as well as to the level of their agreement with the cultural context. The tacit agreement of silence makes communication impossible: the patient does not ask questions, the health professional does not want to be interrogated, and family members don't talk about the disease and want health professionals to follow their example. This situation is detrimental to patients and their families and leads to suffering, low levels of satisfaction, and feelings of guilt and helplessness. Health care professionals must acquire the means and the skills for communicating bad news.

[Terminal illness. Death... in the words of professionals. A qualitative study based on in-depth interviews with health professionals]. / Enfermedad terminal, muerte... en palabras de los profesionales (y II). Un estudio cualitativo de entrevistas en profundidad a profesionales de la salud.

This article is the second part of an interesting qualitative research project which presents and interprets opinions made by diverse medical and nursing professionals regarding care provided to terminal patients and relationships with patients' relatives.

[Terminal illness, death... in the words of professionals. A qualitative study based on in-depth interviews with health professionals]. / Enfermedad terminal, Muerte... en palabras de los profesionales (I). Un estudio cualitativo de entrevistas en profundidad a profesionales de la salud.

The authors of this study are interested in listening to the experiences professional doctors and nurses who work face to face with patients in terminal phase of their illnesses have. For this reason, the authors carried out a series of in-depth interviews with these professionals in order to know the real difficulties and obstacles which these professionals experience in real cases, as well as the procedure methods followed with these patients. The authors publish the results obtained in eight of these interviews, four with doctors and four with nurses; given the length of these interviews, the authors have decided to publish them in two consecutive articles which form one complete study This study is qualitative and the analysis of data obtained has been structured around the proposed research questions, keeping the diversity and variability how to deal with patients, plus the experiences shown by those interviewed, by citing their words textually.

Effect of Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) in Increasing Pain Tolerance and Improving the Mental Health of Injured Athletes.

Literature indicates that injured athletes face both physical and psychological distress after they have been injured. In this study, a Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) was utilised as an intervention for use during the period of recovery with injured athletes and, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study using MBSR as an intervention for this purpose. Objective: The aim of this research was to investigate the role of MBSR practise in reducing the perception of pain and decreasing anxiety/stress, as well as increasing pain tolerance and mindfulness. An additional aim was to increase positive mood and decrease negative mood in injured athletes. Methods: The participants comprised of twenty athletes (male = 14; female = 6; age range = 21-36 years) who had severe injuries, preventing their participation in sport for more than 3 months. Prior to their injury, the participants had trained regularly with their University teams and participated in official university championships. Both groups followed their normal physiotherapy treatment, but in addition, the intervention group practised mindfulness meditation for 8 weeks (one 90-min session/week). A Cold Pressor Test (CPT) was used to assess pain tolerance. In contrast, the perception of pain was measured using a Visual Analogue Scale. Other measurements used were the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS), and Profile of Mood States (POMS). Results: Our results demonstrated an increase in pain tolerance for the intervention group and an increase in mindful awareness for injured athletes. Moreover, our findings observed a promising change in positive mood for both groups. Regarding the Stress/Anxiety scores, our findings showed a notable decrease across sessions; however, no significant changes were observed in other main and interaction effects in both groups. Conclusion: Injured athletes can benefit from using mindfulness as part of the sport rehabilitation process to increase their pain tolerance and awareness. Further research is required to assess whether increasing pain tolerance could help in the therapeutic process.

The impact of the free swimming programme in a local community in the South East of England: giving with one hand, taking away with the other.

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of the introduction of the Free Swimming Programme (FSP) in a local community (not identified to preserve anonymity) in the South East of England. The question has been approached in a variety of ways: by using primary quantitative data from leisure centres and logistic regressions based on the Active People Survey (APS). Problems are identified related to the introduction of the FSP in this community and suggestions are made for future policy. A brief examination of swimming participation in England enables researchers to place this community into a national context. The problems and policies of sport organisation developed in this community are not dissimilar to a more general application reflecting the English experience; in this sense it is anticipated that the findings will enable managers of sport organisations, along with public health policy makers, to focus more effectively on raising sport participation. The unique selling points of this article are the examination of FSP for adult participants, the local analysis of junior and senior participation, and the overall assessment of the policy based on APS.

Actitudes explícitas e implícitas hacia la obesidad en estudiantes de Cultura Física / Explicit and implicit attitudes towards obesity in physical education students / Atitudes explícitas e implícitas face à obesidade em estudantes de cultura física

Las actitudes negativas frente a personas obesas constituyen, en sí mismas, un factor de riesgo para propiciar su participación y adherencia en programas que impliquen cambios en su estilo de vida. En este trabajo se estudiaron las actitudes frente a la obesidad en estudiantes de Cultura Física de Ecuador, comparados en función del género y semestres. Se trabajó con 80 estudiantes de Cultura Física, entre 18 y 33 años. Se aplicaron dos cuestionarios el (AFA) que mide las actitudes explícitas frente a la obesidad en tres dimensiones (aversión, miedo a engordar y falta de voluntad) y el Antifat Implicit Association Test (IAT) que mide actitudes implícitas. Se constató la existencia de actitudes negativas explícitas e implícitas hacia la obesidad en toda la muestra de estudio. La población femenina presenta mayor miedo a engordar que la población masculina. Los estudiantes presentan estas actitudes negativas explícitas e implícitas indistintamente del semestre que cursan

Negative attitudes towards obese people constitute a risk factor for their participation in, and adherence to, programmes involving lifestyle changes. This work studied the attitudes of Physical Education students in Ecuador towards obesity. Their attitudes were compared by gender and semesters. The sample in this study consisted of 80 Physical Education students between 18 and 33 years old. Two questionnaires were given - the Antifat Attitudes Questionnaire, which measures explicit attitudes toward obesity in three subscales: dislike, fear of gaining weight and lack of willpower; and the Anti-fat Implicit Association Test: to measure implicit attitudes. The main results show evidence of negative explicit and implicit attitudes toward obesity across the study sample. Moreover, the results indicate that the female population has a greater fear of gaining weight than the male population. The year of studies was not found to be a distinctive factor for either implicit or explicit negative attitudes

s atitudes negativas face a pessoas obesas constituem, em si mesmas, um factor de risco para propiciar a sua participaçãoe adesão a programas que impliquem mudanças no estilo de vida. Neste trabalho foram estudadas as atitudes face à obesidade emestudantes de Cultura Física do Equador, comparados em função do género e dos semestres frequentados. Participaram no estudo 80estudantes de Cultura Física, com idades compreendidas os 18 e 33 anos. Foram aplicados dois questionários (AFA) que mede as atitudesexplícitas face à obesidade em três dimensões (aversão, medo de engordar e falta de vontade) e o Antifat Implicit Association Test(IAT)que mede atitudes implícitas. Verificou-se a existência de atitudes negativas explícitas e implícitas face à obesidade em toda a amostrado estudo. A população feminina apresenta maior medo de engordar que a população masculina. Os estudantes apresentam estas atitudesnegativas explícitas e implícitas indistintamente do semestre que frequentam