Advanced Facial Rejuvenation: Synergistic Effects of Lower Blepharoplasty and Ultrasound Guided Mid-Face Lift Using Polydioxanone (PDO) Threads.

BACKGROUND: Traditional facial aging surgeries have risks and extended recovery times, leading to a demand for minimally invasive alternatives. PDO (polydioxanone) threads, which are absorbable sutures that stimulate collagen production and tissue contraction, offer improved aesthetic outcomes. This paper evaluates the combined use of PDO thread mid-cheek lift and lower blepharoplasty for facial rejuvenation. METHODS: This retrospective study compared outcomes in patients undergoing lower blepharoplasty combined with a mid-face lift using PDO threads versus those undergoing only lower blepharoplasty. Focused on individuals with baggy lower eyelids and pronounced nasolabial folds, outcome measures included the Modified Fitzpatrick wrinkle scale, Allergan® midface volume deficit scale, Width of inter zygomatic distance, Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale, and patient satisfaction questionnaires, assessed at baseline, 3 months, and 1 year postoperatively. RESULTS: The combined procedure demonstrated superior aesthetic outcomes and higher patient satisfaction compared to lower blepharoplasty alone. Improvements were more significant in wrinkle reduction, midface volume, and inter-zygomatic distance in the combined procedure group. Although the combined procedure had a longer mean operation time, scar assessment scores were similar between both groups, with no complications reported. CONCLUSION: The combination of lower blepharoplasty and mid-face lift using PDO threads is a comprehensive and effective approach for facial rejuvenation. It significantly enhances wrinkle reduction, mid-face lifting, and patient satisfaction. Ultrasound-guided thread lifting, a method of assessing and performing mid-face lifting, proves to be safe and efficient. This approach holds promise as a future option in cosmetic anti-aging surgery, presenting a minimally invasive alternative with natural-looking results and reduced downtime. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors https://link.springer.com/journal/00266 .

Oncologic relevance of genetic alterations in sporadic synchronous and solitary colorectal cancer: a retrospective multicenter study.

BACKGROUND: Oncologic impact of genetic alteration across synchronous colorectal cancer (CRC) still remains unclear. This study aimed to compare the oncologic relevance according to genetic alteration between synchronous and solitary CRC with performing systematic review. METHODS: Multicenter retrospective analysis was performed for CRC patients with curative resection. Genetic profiling was consisted of microsatellite instability (MSI) testing, RAS (K-ras, and N-ras), and BRAF (v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1) V600E mutation. Multivariate analyses were conducted using logistic regression for synchronicity, and Cox proportional hazard model with stage-adjusting for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). RESULTS: It was identified synchronous (n = 36) and solitary (n = 579) CRC with similar base line characteristics. RAS mutation was associated to synchronous CRC with no relations of MSI and BRAF. During median follow up of 77.8 month, Kaplan-meier curves showed significant differences according to MSI-high for OS, and in RAS, and BRAF mutation for DFS, respectively. In multivariable analyses, RAS and BRAF mutation were independent factors (RAS, HR = 1.808, 95% CI = 1.18-2.77, p = 0.007; BRAF, HR = 2.417, 95% CI = 1.32-4.41, p = 0.004). Old age was independent factor for OS (HR = 3.626, 95% CI = 1.09-12.00, p = 0.035). CONCLUSION: This study showed that oncologic outcomes might differ according to mutation burden characterized by RAS, BRAF, and MSI between synchronous CRC and solitary CRC. In addition, our systematic review highlighted a lack of data and much heterogeneity in genetic characteristics and survival outcomes of synchronous CRC relative to that of solitary CRC.

Influence of joint volume on range of motion after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.

BACKGROUND: Capsular contracture is a well-known etiology in the primary stiff shoulder; thus capsular contracture and resultant decreased joint volume could lead to postoperative stiffness, which is a commonly reported morbidity after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR). The purpose of this study was (1) to quantify the joint volume (total joint volume and each quadrant compartmental volume) using computed tomography arthrography (CTA) and (2) to demonstrate the relationship between joint volume and postoperative range of motion (ROM) after ARCR. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-three patients (60 ± 5.11 years, men = 26, women = 57) who had undergone ARCR between January 2015 to December 2020 due to small to medium full-thickness tear and followed by CTA 6 months postoperatively were retrospectively reviewed. An image reconstruction program (3D Slicer, version 4.11.2 software) was used to calculate the joint volume (total joint volume and quadrant compartment joint volumes; anteroinferior, anterosuperior, posterosuperior and posteroinferior). For shoulder ROM, data including scaption (Sc), external rotation on side (ERs), external rotation at 90° (ER90), and internal rotation on back (IRb) were collected 6 months postoperatively. An evaluation of the correlation between joint volume and each shoulder motion was performed. RESULTS: There were moderate correlations between the total joint volume and each motion (Sc: Pearson coefficient, 0.32, p = 0.0047; ERs: Pearson coefficient, 0.24, p = 0.0296; ER90: Pearson coefficient, 0.33, p = 0.0023; IRb: Pearson coefficient, 0.23, p = 0.0336). Among the quadrant compartments, the anteroinferior (Sc: Pearson coefficient, 0.26, p = 0.0199; ERs: Pearson coefficient, 0.23, p = 0.0336; ER90: Pearson coefficient, 0.25, p = 0.0246; IRb: Pearson coefficient, 0.26, p = 0.0168) and posterosuperior (Sc: Pearson coefficient, 0.24, p = 0.029; ER90: Pearson coefficient, 0.29, p = 0.008; IRb: Pearson coefficient, 0.22, p = 0.0491) and posteroinferior (Sc: Pearson coefficient, 0.30, p = 0.0064; ER90: Pearson coefficient, 0.29, p = 0.0072) showed moderate correlations with each shoulder motion. CONCLUSION: Total joint volume, anteroinferior compartment joint volume, posterosuperior compartment joint volume and posteroinferior compartment joint volume were related to postoperative ROM after ARCR. Perioperative methods to increase the joint volume, especially the anteroinferior, posterosuperior and posteroinferior parts of the capsule may prevent postoperative stiffness after ARCR. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III; Retrospective Case-Control Study.

Visual classification of pressure injury stages for nurses: A deep learning model applying modern convolutional neural networks.

AIMS: To develop a deep learning model for pressure injury stages classification based on real-world photographs and compare its performance with that of clinical nurses to seek the opportunity of its application in clinical settings. DESIGN: This was a retrospective observational study using a deep learning model. REVIEW METHODS: A plastic surgeon and two wound care nurses labelled a set of pressure injury images. We applied several modern Convolutional Neural Networks architectures and compared the performances with those of clinical nurses. DATA SOURCES: We retrospectively analysed the electronic medical records of hospitalized patients between January 2019 and April 2021. RESULTS: A set of 2464 pressure injury images were compiled and analysed. Using EfficientNet, in classifying pressure injury images, the macro F1-score was calculated to be 0.8941, and the average performance of two experienced nurses was reported as 0.8781. CONCLUSION: A deep learning model for classifying pressure injury images by stages was successfully developed, and the performance of the model was compared with that of experienced nurses. The classification model developed in this study is expected to help less-experienced nurses or those working in under-resourced healthcare settings determine the stages of pressure injury. IMPACT: Our deep learning model can minimize discrepancies in nurses' assessment of classifying pressure injury stages. Follow-up studies on improving the performance of deep learning models using modern techniques and clinical usability will lead to improved quality of care among patients with pressure injury. NO PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: Patients or the public were not involved in our research's design, conduct, reporting or dissemination plans because this was a retrospective study that used electronic medical records.

Wafer-Scale Programmed Assembly of One-Atom-Thick Crystals.

Crystalline films offer various physical properties based on the modulation of their thicknesses and atomic structures. The layer-by-layer assembly of atomically thin crystals provides a powerful means to arbitrarily design films at the atomic level, which are unattainable with existing growth technologies. However, atomically clean assembly of the materials with high scalability and reproducibility remains challenging. We report programmed crystal assembly of graphene and monolayer hexagonal boron nitride, assisted by van der Waals interactions, to form wafer-scale films of pristine interfaces with near-unity yield. The atomic configurations of the films are tailored with layer-resolved compositions and in-plane crystalline orientations. We demonstrate batch-fabricated tunnel device arrays with modulation of the resistance over orders of magnitude by thickness control of the hexagonal boron nitride barrier with single-atom precision and large-scale, twisted multilayer graphene with programmable electronic band structures and crystal symmetries. Our results constitute an important development in the artificial design of large-scale films.

Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (NPWT) after Hybrid Reconstruction of Occipital Pressure Sore Using Local Flap and Skin Graft.

Background and objectives: Pressure sores are a common medical burden among patients, particularly those who are bedridden or frail. Surgical management of occipital pressure sores poses unique challenges due to limited elasticity and the spherical shape of the scalp. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a novel reconstruction method utilizing a local transpositional flap and split-thickness skin graft with negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) for occipital pressure sore treatment. Material and methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on patients with occipital pressure sores who underwent hybrid reconstructions using a local flap and split-thickness skin graft in conjunction with NPWT. Surgical outcomes, including flap survival rate, graft take percentage, and complications, were assessed. A comparative analysis was performed between the NPWT group and the conventional dressing group. Results: The NPWT group (n = 24) demonstrated a significantly higher mean graft take percentage at postoperative day 14 compared with the conventional dressing group (n = 22) (98.2% vs. 81.2%, p < 0.05). No significant difference in flap survival rate was observed between the two groups. Conclusions: As the aging population continues to grow, occipital pressure sores have gained significant attention as a crucial medical condition. The innovative surgical method incorporating NPWT offers an efficient and safe treatment option for patients with occipital pressure sores, potentially establishing itself as the future gold standard for managing this condition.

Comparison of Hybrid Abdominal Flap versus Homodigital Neurovascular Island Flap for Fingertip Amputation.

Amputation at the level of the distal phalanx is a common hand injury and is normally treated with replantation. However, if the level of injury is distal or the vessels of the stump have been crushed by injury, replantation cannot be a viable option. The aim of this study is to evaluate the functional and aesthetic outcomes of the "hybrid abdominal flap", which consists of a random-pattern abdominal skin flap and an autologous bone graft. A retrospective analysis was performed on fingertip amputation patients from March 2019 to April 2021. The patients were managed by either hybrid abdominal flaps (HAFs) or homodigital neurovascular island flaps (HNIFs). The functional and aesthetic outcomes were assessed three months after the operations. In this study, a total of 20 fingers were treated with either HAFs or HNIFs. There was a significant difference in the range of motion (ROM) and the scar quality between the two groups. All of the flaps survived without flap necrosis, and non-union of the bone was not observed. The patients were satisfied with the appearance and function of their fingers, including the ROM and sensory aspects. Our novel HAF is a functionally and aesthetically valid option for fingertip amputations with crushed stumps.

Clinical outcomes of laparoscopic versus open surgery for repairing colonoscopic perforation: a multicenter study.

PURPOSE: We conducted this study to compare the perioperative outcomes of laparoscopic surgery (LS) vs. open surgery (OS) for repairing colonoscopic perforation, and to evaluate the possible predictors of complications. METHOD: We reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent surgical repair of colonoscopic perforation by LS or OS between January 2005 and June 2019 at six Hallym University-affiliated hospitals. Multivariable analysis was performed to identify the predictors of postoperative complications. RESULTS: Of the total 99 patients, 40 underwent OS and 59 underwent LS. The postoperative hospital stay and the time to resuming a soft diet were shorter in the LS group than in the OS group (P = 0.017 and 0.026, respectively). The complication rate and Clavien-Dindo classification were not significantly different between the two groups. Multivariable analysis revealed that an American Society of Anesthesiologists score (ASA) ≥ 3 and switching from non-operative management to surgical treatment were independently associated with complications (P = 0.025 and 0.010, respectively). CONCLUSION: LS may be a safe alternative to OS for repairing colonoscopic perforation with a shorter postoperative hospital stay and time to resuming a soft diet. Patients with an ASA score ≥ 3 and those with changes to their planned treatment should be monitored carefully to minimize their risk of complications.

Clinical outcomes of sigmoid volvulus and risk factors for its recurrence: a multicenter study in Korea.

PURPOSE: Sigmoid volvulus is one of the leading causes of colonic obstruction. The aims of this study were to review the treatment characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients diagnosed with sigmoid volvulus over 10 years at five university-affiliated hospitals in Korea, and to identify possible risk factors for its recurrence. METHODS: Retrospective review was performed for medical records of patients who were diagnosed with sigmoid volvulus and managed surgically or conservatively at the five Hallym University-affiliated hospitals between January 2005 and July 2018. RESULTS: A total of 69 patients were diagnosed, of whom 11 patients underwent emergency surgery and 58 patients were conservatively managed. Non-operative management was successful in 53 of 58 patients (91.4%) at initial admission. Of the non-operative managed patients, six patients required emergency surgery due to unsuccessful decompression or recurrence whereas 23 patients underwent regular surgery for definitive treatment. And overall recurrence rate and mortality rate were 25.8% (15/58) and 1.7% (1/58), respectively. A total of 40 patients underwent surgery; 23 underwent regular surgery and 17 underwent emergency surgery. Restoration of bowel continuity was more frequently performed in the regular surgery group than in the emergency surgery group (87.0% vs 52.9%, P = 0.03). In multivariable analysis, only non-operative management at the initial admission (P = 0.029) was independently associated with recurrence. CONCLUSION: Although non-operative treatment can be initially attempted, surgery is required for preventing recurrence. Regular surgery should be considered to restore continuity of the bowel.

Delayed Traumatic Pseudoaneurysm of the Dorsal Nasal Artery.

A pseudoaneurysm is an uncommon pathology arising from any artery in the human body. It typically presents as a pulsatile swelling in contact with a blood vessel. Of pseudoaneurysms of the head and neck region, the most common site is the superficial temporal artery while that of the dorsal nasal artery is extremely rare. A pseudoaneurysm can be routinely diagnosed by its clinical features and confirmed by radiologic evaluation. The authors report a case of pseudoaneurysm of the dorsal nasal artery, which was misdiagnosed as a hematoma owing to its non-pulsatile nature during initial presentation.

Efficacy of oral recombinant methioninase combined with oxaliplatinum and 5-fluorouracil on primary colon cancer in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft mouse model.

The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of oral recombinant methioninase (o-rMETase) on a colon cancer primary tumor using a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude mouse model. Forty colon cancer primary tumor PDOX mouse models were divided into 4 groups of 10 mice each (total 40 mice) by measuring the tumor size. The groups were as follows: untreated control; 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (50 mg/kg, once a week for two weeks, N = 10 mice) and oxaliplatinum (OXA) (6 mg/kg, once a week for two weeks, N = 10 mice); o-rMETase (100 units/day, oral 14 consecutive days, N = 10 mice); combination of 5-FU + OXA and o-rMETase (N = 10 mice). All treatments inhibited tumor growth compared to the untreated control. The combination of 5-FU + OXA and o-rMETase was significantly more efficacious than other treatments. The present study demonstrates the efficacy of o-rMETase combination therapy on a PDOX colon cancer primary tumor, suggesting potential clinical development of o-rMETase in recalcitrant cancer.

Safety and feasibility of laparoscopic surgery for appendiceal mucocele: a multicenter study.

BACKGROUND: Although laparoscopic appendectomy has been widely performed since 1987, concerns over potential spillage of mucus into the peritoneal cavity during laparoscopic manipulation have prevented the use of laparoscopic surgery (LS) for appendiceal mucocele. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the safety, feasibility, and short-term perioperative outcomes of LS for appendiceal mucocele. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed to identify patients diagnosed with appendiceal mucocele based on their imaging studies and who underwent surgery at one of six Hallym-University-affiliated hospitals between January 2007 and June 2016. Patient demographics, surgical outcomes, and postoperative outcomes were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 96 patients were evaluated, of whom 58 underwent LS (LS group) and 38 underwent open surgery (OS; OS group). There were no significant differences in patient characteristics between groups. The operation time was similar in both groups (P = 0.399). Intraoperative rupture occurred in two patients in each group (no significant difference, P = 0.647). Time to flatus, time to soft food intake, and length of hospital stay were shorter in the LS group than in the OS group (2.4 vs. 3.2 days, P = 0.003; 3.6 vs. 4.5 days, P = 0.024; 6.5 vs. 8.8 days, P = 0.011, respectively). The rate of postoperative complications was similar between the groups (P = 0.786). Univariate analysis revealed that rupture of appendiceal mucocele was associated with white blood cell count > 10,000/µL (P = 0.032) but not with LS (P = 0.647). CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that LS is safe and feasible for the surgical treatment of appendiceal mucocele. An elevated WBC count was associated with a risk of appendiceal mucocele rupture.

Effects of Timing of Appendectomy on the Risks of Perforation and Postoperative Complications of Acute Appendicitis.

BACKGROUND: It is generally believed that appendectomy should be performed immediately to prevent perforation and complications. Therefore, our objectives were to investigate the effect of timing of appendectomy on the incidence of perforation and complications. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent laparoscopic appendectomy between January 2014 and June 2015. The time from symptom onset to appendectomy was categorized into three periods: time from symptom onset to hospital admission (symptomatic time), time from admission to appendectomy (hospitalization time), and time from symptom onset to appendectomy [symptomatic period + hospitalization period (overall time)]. Multivariable analyses were performed to identify independent factors associated with perforation and complications. RESULTS: A total of 1753 patients were included in the present study. Perforation occurred in 28.2% of patients, and postoperative complications occurred in 10.0% of patients. Multivariable analysis showed that BT > 38 °C (P = 0.006), WBC count >13,000 cells/µl (P = 0.02), neutrophil ratio >80% (P < 0.001), and symptomatic time >24 h (P < 0.001) were independent factors of appendiceal perforation, while the neutrophil ratio >80% (P < 0.001) and symptomatic time >48 h (P = 0.003) were independently associated with complications. CONCLUSIONS: The present study showed that the symptomatic time and overall time were significantly associated with perforation and complications, whereas hospitalization time was not associated with either perforation or complications.

Carboxytherapy-Induced Fat loss is Associated with VEGF-Mediated Vascularization.

BACKGROUND: Carboxytherapy is the transcutaneous administration of CO2 gas for therapeutic purposes. Although this non-surgical procedure has been widely used for reducing localized adiposity, its effectiveness on fat loss in obese patients and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. METHODS: C57BL/6 mice were fed with a high-fat diet for 8 weeks to generate obese animal models. Obese mice were randomly assigned to two groups: One group was administered air to both inguinal fat pads (air/air), and the other group was treated with air to the left inguinal fat pad and with CO2 to the right inguinal fat pad (air/CO2). Each group was treated every other day for 2 weeks. Morphological changes and expression levels of genes associated with lipogenesis and vascularization in fat were determined by histological and qRT-PCR analyses. RESULTS: Mice treated with air/CO2 showed lower body weights and blood glucose levels compared to air/air-treated mice. Paired comparison analysis revealed that CO2 administration significantly decreased adipose tissue weights and adipocyte sizes compared to air treatment. Additionally, CO2 treatment markedly increased vessel numbers and expressions of Vegfa and Fgf1 genes in adipose tissues. The expressions of Fasn and Fabp4 genes were also modestly reduced in CO2-treated adipose tissue. Moreover, Ucp1 expression, the target gene of VEGF and a key regulator in energy expenditure, was significantly increased in CO2-treated adipose tissue. CONCLUSIONS: Carboxytherapy is effective in the reduction of localized fat in obese patients which is mechanistically associated with alteration of the vasculature involved in VEGF. NO LEVEL ASSIGNED: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Long-term effect of noise exposure during military service in South Korea.

OBJECTIVE: Most Korean men spend at least two years in the military service usually in their early twenties. The aim of this study was to identify the long-term effect of exposure to military noise during military service by comparing two regressions of age-related hearing loss between groups with and without exposure to military noise. DESIGN: Cross-sectional observational study. STUDY SAMPLE: Finally, 4079 subjects were included, among 10,286 data of men's audiogram from January 2004 to April 2010. We excluded repeated testers and any subjects who had other known external causes or had an asymmetric audiogram. We grouped subjects with exposure to military noise (N = 3163) and those without as the control group (N = 916). RESULTS: There was a significant effect of exposure to military noise at 4 and 8 kHz after controlling for the effect of age. The annual threshold deterioration rates were faster in the military noise exposed group than in the control group at 1, 2 and 4 kHz (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The long-term effect of exposure to military noise on age-related hearing loss showed an adding effect at 8 kHz and an accelerating effect in the frequency region from 1 to 4 kHz.

Clinical Application of Acellular Dermal Matrix in the Treatment of Aplasia Cutis Congenita on Scalp.

Aplasia cutis congenita (ACC), also called cutis aplasia, is a rare congenital abnormality characterized by focal defect of the skin at birth, frequently involving the scalp, but may affect any region of the body. Approximately 80% of patients have the defect confined to the skin and generally less than 2 cm diameter, which can be managed conservatively with dressing alone. However, some patients present large cutaneous defects and aplasia of the underlying skull may also be present. The main complications of large defects include meningeal infection, bleeding, and thrombosis, which may be deadly. Some controversy remains in the literature regarding ACC treatment, with surgical and conservative treatment modalities having proponents and opponents.This article presents the first case of a newborn with full-thickness ACC lesion of the vertex healed by conservative treatment with application of acellular dermal matrix.

Could laparoscopic appendectomy in pregnant women affect obstetric outcomes? A multicenter study.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the perioperative and obstetric outcomes of pregnant women between laparoscopic surgery and open surgery and to evaluate the predictive factors for overall obstetric outcomes. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of pregnant women who underwent appendectomy between January 2008 and June 2015 at six hospitals affiliated to Hallym University. RESULTS: Eighty patients were evaluated. Twenty-four underwent laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) and 56 underwent open appendectomy (OA). There were no significant differences in the patients' characteristics and gestational age at surgery between the two groups. Operation time, time to flatus, and time to soft food intake were similar in both groups. The length of stay was shorter in the LA group than in the OA group (5.1 vs 8.1 days, P = 0.044). Gestational age at delivery, birth weight, and delivery type were similar in both groups. There was no significant difference in overall obstetric poor outcome (20.8 vs 14.3 %, P = 0.516), including preterm delivery (8.3 vs 7.1 %, P = 1.000) and fetal loss (12.5 vs 7.1 %, P = 0.350). Multivariable analysis revealed that fever >38 °C (P = 0.022) and maternal age (P = 0.044) were independent predictors for the overall poor outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: LA was associated with shorter length of stay compared with OA, but perioperative and obstetric outcomes were similar with both procedures. LA can be safely performed in pregnant women in any trimester.

The synergistic effect of inert oxide and metal fluoride dual coatings on advanced cathode materials for lithium ion battery applications.

The effect of Al2O3/LiF dual coatings on the electrochemical performance of over-lithiated layered oxide (OLO) has been investigated. A uniform coating of Al2O3 and LiF is obtained on the surface of the layered pristine material. The OLO with a dual Al2O3/LiF coating with a ratio of 1 : 1.5 exhibits excellent electrochemical performance. An initial discharge capacity of 265.66 mA h g(-1) is obtained at a C-rate of 0.1C. This capacity is approximately 15 mA h g(-1) higher than that of pristine OLO. The capacity retention (92.8% at the 50th cycle) is also comparable to that of pristine OLO (91.4% at the 50th cycle). Coating the cathode with a dual layer comprising Al2O3 and LiF leads to improved charging and discharging kinetics, and prevents direct contact between the cathode and the electrolyte.

Enhancement in the electrochemical performance of zirconium/phosphate bi-functional coatings on LiNi0.8Co0.15Mn0.05O2 by the removal of Li residuals.

The effect of bi-functional coatings consisting of Zr and phosphate (P) on the electrochemical performance of Li1.0Ni0.8Co0.15Mn0.05O2 (NCM) has been investigated. The presence of various types of Zr and P compounds such as oxides (ZrO2 and Li2ZrO3) and phosphates (Zr2P2O9, ZrP2O7 and LiZr2(PO4)3) in the coating was confirmed by experiments as well as density functional theory (DFT) calculations. When the NCM samples were coated with the Zr/P hybrid material, the cycle retention and the amount of removed Li residuals (LiOH, Li2CO3) were enhanced by the synergistic effect from Zr and P. The NCM sample coated with a Zr/P layer with a Zr/P ratio of 1 : 1 exhibited an increase in the initial capacity (209.3 mA h g-1) compared to the pristine sample (207.4 mA h g-1) at 0.1C, owing to the formation of the coating layer. The capacity retention of the Zr/P coated sample (92.4% at the 50th cycle) was also improved compared to that of the pristine NCM sample (90.6% at the 50th cycle). Moreover, the amount of Li residuals in the Zr/P coated NCM sample was greatly reduced from 3693 ppm (pristine NCM) to 2525 ppm (Zr/P = 5 : 5).

Treatment of Symptomatic Osteoma on Eyebrow Using Adjacent Supraorbital Neuroperiosteal Flap.

Osteomas grow slowly, blocking or compressing adjacent structures, and frequently causing aesthetic deformity. Although most patients remain asymptomatic, development of facial pain and headaches due to compression of adjacent sensory nerves is not uncommon. Depending on the location of osteoma, many techniques were introduced to remove it. If the osteoma was located close to important structures such as nerves and vessels, surgeons can be concerned about damaging them resulting in unfavorable symptoms to patients. Osteoma is a benign slow-growing osteogenic lesion, composed of well-differentiated mature bone tissue, characterized by the proliferation of compact or cancellous bone, and found in the head and neck region. It is often slow growing and asymptomatic, diagnosed incidentally on radiographs. It can cause deformation of the bone and compression of the adjacent structures such as nerve compression. This case shows how symptomatic osteoma can be successfully extracted.