[EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE ULTIMATE STRENGTH OF SAMPLES OF MATERIAL BASED ON POLYLACTIDE AND TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE, PRODUCED BY 3D PRINTING WITH DIFFERENT POROSITIES, DEPENDING ON THE TIME OF HYDRATION].

The advantage of polylactide-based implants is their rapid and complete biodegradation, followed by replacement of the defect with bone tissue. The disadvantage of materials with a high biodegradation rate is their low support ability. The admixture of ceramic materials increases the strength of the implants and reduces the rate of biodegradation. 3D printing technology allows you to reduce the negative factors of ceramic impurities through the manufacture of implants of various porosities. Target. Determine the ultimate strength of a composite material based on PLA and TCP, manufactured by 3D printing with different porosity options, depending on the duration of hydration. Were made 9 samples of material with a size of 10x10x10 mm with different porosity 40%, 30%, 20%. Samples of the material were hydrated in saline. Strength tests were carried out on days 2, 10, and 20 after hydration, 3 samples of material of each porosity. All samples were tested for compression. The carried out comparative analysis indicates that the tested samples are statistically significant (at the level of p <0.05) differ from each other depending on the value of porosity at all periods of hydration. Although the average values of the ultimate strength of samples of the same porosity tend to decrease depending on the period of their hydration, these changes do not acquire statistical significance even between the extreme periods of observation. This is confirmed by the values of the indicator of the statistical significance of the differences p equal to 0.07; 0.759 and 0.124 for specimens with porosity of 20%, 30% and 40%, respectively. The tensile strength of samples of material based on polylactide and tricalcium phosphate, made using 3D printing, directly depends on their porosity, the smaller the pore volume, the stronger the samples. The hydration of the samples in saline solution for 20 days does not entail statistically significant changes in their strength regardless of the pore volume, although the average values of the ultimate strength for all tested samples tend to decrease.

MANAGEMENT OF EMOTIONAL DISORDERS IN ELDERLY PATIENTS UNDERGOING SURGICAL TREATMENT OF PROXIMAL FEMORAL FRACTURES.

The goal of our research was to study the to identify key aspects of the management of emotional disorders in the practice of operative treatment of proximal femoral fractures in elderly patients. The study was conducted with 24 patients who needed surgical treatment of proximal femoral fracture and were at risk for the development of psycho-emotional disorders due to the presence of emotional disorders of an anxiety-depressive nature were examined. The presence of such disorders was recorded at the time of admission, before and after surgical treatment using specialized psychodiagnostic techniques. Mini Mental State Examination, modified Hachinski ischemic scale, Frontal assessment battery, Spielberg-Khanin Scale of Reactive and Trait Anxiety, The Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale were used. Results of the clinical study of the Most patients at risk had a high level of reactive anxiety - 14 (58.33%) patients (equally in subgroups I and II - 7 (29.17%) patients in each) compared with moderate levels (10 (41.67%) patients) - equally I and II subgroups (5 (20.83%) patients in each). In the subgroups I and II with moderate and high levels of reactive anxiety, a predominance of female patients was noted: subgroup I - female patients with a moderate level - 3 (12.50%), and with a high level -5 (20.83%); subgroup II - 3 (12.50%) and 4 (16.67%) female patients respectively. As a result of determining the key aspects of the management of emotional disorders in the practice of operative treatment of proximal femoral fractures in elderly patients:the presence of moderate (41.67%) and high (58.33%) levels of reactive and trait anxiety in elderly patients with proximal femoral fractures and emotional disorders is noted. The presence of a depressive state of varying severity was recorded: a subdepressive state (75.00%) and mild depression (25.00%). The general levels of reactive and trait anxiety and depressive disorders showed the presence of limit levels between moderate, high (reactive and trait anxiety) and mild depression and sub-depressive state (depressive disorders): reactive anxiety (42.52±0.05), trait anxiety (42.23±0.07) and depressive disorders (51.41±0.07). It is proved that the treatment of emotional disturbances of the anxiety-depressive spectrum lead to a significant levelling in existing psychological changes.The deterioration of the existing emotional disorders of the anxiety-depressive spectrum among patients at risk in the absence of drug treatment has been established.

Selective elimination of mutant mitochondrial genomes as therapeutic strategy for the treatment of NARP and MILS syndromes.

Mitochondrial diseases are not uncommon, and may result from mutations in both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). At present, only palliative therapies are available for these disorders, and interest in the development of efficient treatment protocols is high. Here, we demonstrate that in cells heteroplasmic for the T8993G mutation, which is a cause for the NARP and MILS syndromes, infection with an adenovirus, which encodes the mitochondrially targeted R.XmaI restriction endonuclease, leads to selective destruction of mutant mtDNA. This destruction proceeds in a time- and dose-dependent manner and results in cells with significantly increased rates of oxygen consumption and ATP production. The delivery of R.XmaI to mitochondria is accompanied by improvement in the ability to utilize galactose as the sole carbon source, which is a surrogate indicator of the proficiency of oxidative phosphorylation. Concurrently, the rate of lactic acid production by these cells, which is a marker of mitochondrial dysfunction, decreases. We further demonstrate that levels of phosphorylated P53 and gammaH2ax proteins, markers of nuclear DNA damage, do not change in response to infection with recombinant adenovirus indicating the absence of nuclear DNA damage and the relative safety of the technique. Finally, some advantages and limitations of the proposed approach are discussed.

[Inhibition of lipoxygenase activity reduces radiation-induced DNA fragmentation in lymphocytes]. / Ingibirovanie lipoksigenaznoi aktivnosti snizhaet indutsirovannuiu radiatsiei fragmentatsiiu DNK limfotsitov.

Lypoxygenase activity of lymphocytes towards exogenous substrate linolic acid and the level of endogenous arachidonate metabolite 15-HETE are increased within 6 h and decreased below the control level at 24 h after 1 Gy X-ray irradiation of Wistar rats. DNA fragmentation is stimulated both in vivo within 12 h and during in vitro incubation of lymphocytes, obtained 3 h following irradiation. DNA analysis by agarose gel shows that DNA fragments are multiples of the 200 base pair unit. When 20 microM nordihydroguayaretic acid, a selective inhibitor of arachidonate lypooxidation, was added to the incubation medium, DNA fragmentation was observed to be significantly less, especially at the early steps of incubation.

[Lipoxygenase activity and 15-hete content of rat spleen lymphocytes after exposure to ionizing radiation]. / Lipoksigenaznaia aktivnost' i soderzhanie 15-hete v limfotsitakh selezenki krys pri deistvii ioniziruiushchei radiatsii.

Pretreatment of rat spleen lymphocytes with 0.5 mM A23187 had no influence on the prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha content, but was followed by the increasing of both 15-HETE and leukotriene B4 levels. Lypoxygenase activity of lymphocytes towards exogenous substrate linoleic acid was increased within 3-12 h after 1 Gy irradiation and decreased below the control level at 24 h. The changes of lypoxygenase activity correlate with that of 15-HETE content. Additional incubation of the cells, obtained at 3 h after irradiation, was followed by the intensification of the chromatin internucleosomal fragmentation and low-molecular DNA fragments accumulation. When 20 mM nordihydroguaiaretic acid, a selective inhibitor of arachidonate lipooxidation, was added to the incubation medium, DNA fragmentation was observed to be significantly less, especially at the early steps of incubation. These results suggest, that metabolites like H(P)ETE are early endogenous mediators of radiation-induced spleen lymphocytes apoptosis.

Effect of ischemia, calcium depletion and repletion, acidosis and hypoxia on cellular taurine content.

Occlusion of the left main coronary artery led to a time-dependent release of taurine from the heart. Upon reperfusion, there was a second phase of taurine release, which exceeded the amount of taurine that exited the heart during the 45 min ischemic insult. To obtain information on the mechanism underlying the release of taurine, three variables were examined, acidosis, hypoxia and calcium overload. It was found that large amounts of taurine also leave the cell during the calcium paradox, a condition induced by perfusing the heart with calcium containing buffer following a period of calcium free perfusion. However, little taurine effluxes the hearts exposed to buffer whose pH was lowered to 6.6. Isolated neonatal cardiomyocytes subjected to chemical hypoxia also lost large amounts of taurine. However, the amount of taurine leaving the cells appeared to be correlated with the intracellular sodium concentration, [Na(+)](i). The data suggest that taurine efflux is regulated by [Na(+)](i) and cellular osmolality, but not by cellular pH.