Management of Anastomotic Leakage after Low Anterior Rectal Resections with Total Mesorectal Excision - A Retrospective Study.

Background: This study sought to investigate the diagnostic procedures, treatment modalities, and consequences of anastomotic leakage (AL) in low anterior resection rectal cancer patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 186 patients consecutively admitted and treated in the 1st Department of Surgery in Craiova, between January 2018 and June 2022, all of whom had undergone surgical interventions for adenocarcinoma of the rectum. Among this cohort, 106 patients who had undergone scheduled low and ultralow anterior rectal resections with total mesorectal excision were selected for further analysis. Twenty-four patients were diagnosed with postoperative AL and underwent diverse management strategies based on the severity of their condition. Results: The study revealed an incidence of 22.6% for postoperative AL, with all of them being classified as grade B and C, according to the 2010 International Study Group of Rectal Cancer Classification, which were associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Notably, patients exhibited various comorbidities, including obesity, arterial hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and kidney failure. The management approach depended on the severity of the clinical presentation and the availability of treatment options. Early diagnosis and conservative management constituted the initial therapeutic strategy for grade B AL, with surgical reintervention or transanal vacuum therapy being used in grade C AL. Conclusions: The incidence and mortality associated with AF following low anterior resections were notably elevated. Grade B AL were successfully managed through conservative treatment, whereas grade C AL required either surgical reintervention for drainage or diversion procedures, or transanal vacuum therapy.

Intraoperative cardiovascular response of natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery versus laparoscopy: A comparative animal study.

BACKGROUND: Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) emerged as a new alternative method in minimally invasive techniques. Although a very small number of studies have compared the physiologic response in NOTES to laparoscopy, the results remain controversial. AIM: This experimental animal study aims to evaluate the intraoperative cardiovascular and respiratory effects of pure transluminal natural orifice surgery and conventional laparoscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty female pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) equally divided into two study groups were assigned to either pure natural orifice transluminal endoscopic techniques (Group 1) or conventional laparoscopic surgery (Group 2) and monitored intraoperatively in terms of heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and O2saturation (SpO2) for 1 h. Both groups underwent simple surgical procedures such as gastrojejunostomy, oophorectomy and adnexectomy. RESULTS: All procedures were successfully completed. The findings indicated statistically significant differences between SBP (P = 0.0065) and SpO2(P = 0.027) in the two groups at the beginning of the interventions. HR showed significant differences during the last 20 min of the interventions (min 40 and 45; P < 0.001). For the whole procedure (from the beginning of the intervention to 60 min interval), HR, SBP and SpO2values showed no statistical difference. CONCLUSIONS: Although significant differences in terms of HR, mean blood pressure and SpO2were noted at specific intervals during surgery, no real variance of the cardiovascular parameters was observed when considering the entire procedure. Therefore, NOTES seems to be a safe approach with minimally intraoperative cardiovascular and respiratory implications.

Carcinoembryonic Antigen CEA - Prognostic Value in Immediate Post-Operative Mortality in Colorectal Cancer.

INTRODUCTION: This study investigates the prognostic significance of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in predicting early postoperative mortality in patients who have undergone colorectal cancer surgery. METHODS: Between 2017 and 2022, total of 325 patients were enrolled in the study, and their preoperative serum CEA levels were measured. Relevant clinical and operative data were extracted and correlations between CEA levels and postoperative mortality was analysed. RESULTS: Among the surgical cases, 180 patients (55.3%) exhibited elevated CEA levels. Within the early postoperative period of 30 days, 14 patients (4.3%) succumbed, comprising 8 cases (2.4%) of colon cancer and 6 cases (1.8%) of rectal cancer. Notably, only 3 cases (0.9%), consisting of 1 (0.3%) colon cancer and 2 (0.6%) rectal cancer cases, were associated with an elevated CEA level. However, no statistically significant correlations were observed between CEA levels and early postoperative mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that increased CEA levels may not serve as a reliable non-invasive marker for identifying patients at high risk of early mortality in the context of colo-rectal cancer surgery.

Preoperative Immunocyte-Derived Ratios Predict Postoperative Recovery of Gastrointestinal Motility after Colorectal Cancer Surgery.

The aim of this study was to assess the role of immunocyte-derived ratios (IDRs), such as the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), as markers for the postoperative recovery of gastrointestinal function following colorectal cancer surgery. A retrospective analysis was conducted on a consecutive cohort of 260 patients who underwent radical colorectal cancer surgery within the timeframe spanning from January 2016 to December 2022. Data concerning the postoperative recovery of gastrointestinal function included the I-FEED score, time to pass flatus, toleration for liquids in the first 48 h, and the need for nasogastric tube reinsertion in the immediate postoperative period. A special emphasis was allocated towards the examination of IDRs and their interrelation with the postoperative gastrointestinal functional parameters. The I-FEED score exhibited a positive correlation with the NLR, SII, and PLR. The univariate analysis indicated that all IDRs, multiorgan resection, hemoglobin and protein levels, regional nodal extent of the tumor (N), and obesity significantly affected nasogastric tube reinsertion. The multivariate analysis showed that the SII and N1 stages were risk factors for nasogastric tube reinsertion after colorectal cancer surgery. The SII and multiorgan resection were the only classifiers that remained significant in the multivariable analysis for the toleration for liquids. In summation, certain preoperative IDRs, such as the SII, PLR, and NLR, may hold potential as predictive determinants for postoperative gastrointestinal functional recovery following colorectal cancer surgery.

Preoperative Immunocite-Derived Ratios Predict Surgical Complications Better when Artificial Neural Networks Are Used for Analysis-A Pilot Comparative Study.

We aimed to comparatively assess the prognostic preoperative value of the main peripheral blood components and their ratios-the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR)-to the use of artificial-neural-network analysis in determining undesired postoperative outcomes in colorectal cancer patients. Our retrospective study included 281 patients undergoing elective radical surgery for colorectal cancer in the last seven years. The preoperative values of SII, NLR, LMR, and PLR were analyzed in relation to postoperative complications, with a special emphasis on their ability to accurately predict the occurrence of anastomotic leak. A feed-forward fully connected multilayer perceptron network (MLP) was trained and tested alongside conventional statistical tools to assess the predictive value of the abovementioned blood markers in terms of sensitivity and specificity. Statistically significant differences and moderate correlation levels were observed for SII and NLR in predicting the anastomotic leak rate and degree of postoperative complications. No correlations were found between the LMR and PLR or the abovementioned outcomes. The MLP network analysis showed superior prediction value in terms of both sensitivity (0.78 ± 0.07; 0.74 ± 0.04; 0.71 ± 0.13) and specificity (0.81 ± 0.11; 0.69 ± 0.03; 0.9 ± 0.04) for all the given tasks. Preoperative SII and NLR appear to be modest prognostic factors for anastomotic leakage and overall morbidity. Using an artificial neural network offers superior prognostic results in the preoperative risk assessment for overall morbidity and anastomotic leak rate.

Perioperative Outcomes in Patients Who Received Spinal Chloroprocaine for Total Hip or Knee Arthroplasty-Consecutive Case Series Study.

Spinal anaesthesia is an established component of perioperative management for fast-track lower limbs arthroplasty. Short-acting local anaesthetics may present an interesting option for primary non-complicated knee (TKA) and hip (THA) arthroplasty. We describe the perioperative outcomes in patients operated under fixed 50 mg spinal chloroprocaine for total hip and knee replacement. In this retrospective case series study, 65 patients were analysed (median age 65 years, 55% females, benefit from THA (n = 31), TKA (n = 25), and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (n = 9)). In all cases, anaesthesia duration (87 min) was sufficient for successful surgery (52 min). Up to 45% of patients (THA and less in TKA) developed postoperative pain in the post-anaesthesia care unit (PACU), requiring intravenous morphine titration (up to 7.5 mg). One patient developed severe breakthrough pain requiring advanced regional analgesia. The median PACU stay was up to 97 min (less in TKA), and the incidence of nausea and urinary retention was low. All patients were able to start physical therapy on the same day of surgery. These findings encourage the use of a short-acting agent for spinal anaesthesia in patients with primary non-complicated arthroplasty; however, the relay analgesia should be systematically implemented to avoid breakthrough pain in PACU.

The histopathological features and their prognostic impact in the postoperative follow-up of colorectal cancer patients.

The validation of histological prognostic markers in colorectal cancer not only for survival parameters but also for early postoperative outcomes is of paramount importance. The aim of our study was to search for the tumor histopathological (HP) characteristics that may influence the postoperative morbidity, especially the occurrence of anastomotic leakage. Our results indicated that peritumoral inflammatory cell infiltrate appeared to correlate with both anastomotic fistula and overall postoperative complications. Likewise, high-grade and undifferentiated colorectal tumors seemed to be correlated with a higher incidence of postoperative leakage and complications. No relation could be established between the other HP features and the postoperative untoward outcomes.

Heterogeneity among diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: new entities in WHO classification, a first step in personalized therapy.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of aggressive lymphoma, being part of mature B-cell neoplasm according to the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of lymphoid tumors. This type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) can develop in the lymph nodes in most cases, or in extranodal sites (the most frequent involvement being the digestive tract, but also the thyroid, central nervous system, testes, etc.). Despite being an aggressive lymphoma, DLBCL benefits of potentially curable therapy. The addition of monoclonal antibodies to standard chemotherapy in the therapeutic approach of DLBCL leads to some net superior results to those obtained by chemotherapy alone. Despite the fact that the aggressive therapy is very efficient, 10% of patients remain refractory to it, 30-40% of them after obtaining a complete response (CR) will relapse, and 90% of refractory DLBCL have poor survival rates. Based on these findings, an explanation for the differences in clinical outcome and therapy response was attempted. The important progresses made in the understanding of DLBCL heterogeneity were based on molecular biology studies and showed differences in chromosomal alterations and in signaling pathways activation. These findings have paved the way for new therapeutic targets in order to improve therapy response. The large heterogeneity of DLBCL is acknowledged by the 2016 WHO Classification of lymphoid neoplasms, with 17 DLBCL subtypes, some of them as new varieties, compared to the 2008 Classification, and others introduced as provisional entities.

Correlations between clinical and placental histopathological and immunohistochemical features in women with and without hereditary thrombophilia.

AIM: The primary objective of this study was to correlate hereditary thrombophilia (high- or low-risk) with specific placental histopathological (HP) and∕or immunohistochemical (IHC) changes, for confirming∕ruling out a possible linkage between these two biological parameters. PATIENTS, MATERIALS AND METHODS: We present a 3-year prospective study conducted between 2016 and 2019 that enrolled 90 women registered in two Clinics of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Craiova, Romania, with personal thrombotic and/or pathological obstetrical history. The HP and IHC analysis of the placenta was performed using monoclonal anti-cluster of differentiation 34 (CD34) antibody, anti-hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) and anti-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) antibody. RESULTS: There was a high incidence of all thrombophilia (TPh) mutations in Caucasian women with thrombotic and obstetrical complications. Among them, both HP and IHC examination revealed significant changes. These were more severe in the placentas of patients with homozygous Factor V Leiden (FVL) gene mutation and double heterozygous FVL∕PII gene mutation. Multiple placental infarctions with massive fibrinoid necrosis and an increase in syncytial knots are common findings. In the same group, we found by means of IHC examination - intense positive HIF-1α and eNOS immunoexpression, and low positive CD34 expression, especially in fibrinoid necrosis and thrombosis areas. We found no correlation between clinical, HP and IHC changes in patients with low-risk TPh or without TPh. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with obstetric and thrombotic complications, there is a high prevalence of TPh. It appears that hypercoagulability reported in high-risk thrombophilia (HR-TPh) has major effects on placental tissue (fibrinoid necrosis, multiple thromboses, hypoxia and oxidative stress). Significant placental changes were found predominantly in women with HR-TPh. Strategies for TPh screening based on HP/IHC pattern would be, most probably, more cost-effective compared with the extended TPh testing offered in large populations. This way, a smaller number of patients will be tested and in this group a higher proportion of patients will be found as having HR-TPh mutations.

Porocarcinoma: a rare cause of lateral cervical tumor.

Porocarcinoma is a rare tumor of the eccrine sweat glands that usually disseminates to the regional lymph nodes, but it can also develop distant metastasis. Case presentation: We report the case of a 67 year-old female patient who underwent wide surgical resection of a left cervical cutaneous tumor in a primary care center, for which the histology exam of the specimen was mixed basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma. She was referred to our hospital's oncology clinic and histologic re-evaluation changed the diagnosis to eccrine porocarcinoma (EPC). Computer-tomography (CT) revealed cervical lymphadenopathies for which the patient underwent 4 cycles of chemotherapy, without regression. She subsequently underwent a left upper anterior jugular lymphadenectomy (group IIa) with all nodes being negative and, three months later, she developed a unique adenopathy under the parotid gland that was excised and confirmed to be metastatic. Postoperative external radiotherapy was administered with a good outcome on CT scan. Nine months after her last surgery, the patient did not show any sign of recurrence or distant metastasis. Conclusion: EPC is a challenge, both diagnostically and therapeutically. In the absence of consensus regarding the indications and extent of lymphadenectomy and adjuvant therapy, patients with EPC should be referred to an experienced multidisciplinary team in a tertiary center.

Primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the testis.

Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas are chronic lymphoproliferative disorders, with nodal or extranodal onset, most of which being digestive tract lymphomas. Testicular primitive lymphoma generally affects men; it is rare but aggressive type of lymphoma. We present the case of the only patient diagnosed with testicular lymphoma in Hematology Clinic of Craiova, Romania, in the last 20 years. Histopathological and immunohistochemical exams confirmed the diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and the stage was IIB. According to International Prognostic Index (IPI) score, the patient was classified as low risk. He received combined treatment consisting of surgery, chemotherapy, central nervous system prophylaxis and radiotherapy. The outcome was very good, the patient achieving complete remission. After 36 months, he is still in complete remission with clinical and biological evaluation performed every three month, and computerized tomography once a year.

Indication of total parathyroidectomy for an Epstein syndrome patient with end-stage renal disease.

Epstein syndrome is an extremely rare genetic disorder characterized by the association of nephritis, deafness and megathrombocytopenia. We present the case of a 21-year-old patient diagnosed with Epstein syndrome and hyperparathyroidism secondary to chronic kidney disease. The main particularity of this case resides in the association between megathrombocytopenia and secondary hyperparathyroidism requiring surgery, which could lead to a series of concerns regarding the intra- and postoperative hemorrhagic risk of the procedure. Nevertheless, both the surgical procedure and the postoperative recovery were uneventful, suggesting that the lower threshold for preoperative thrombocyte count in megathrombocytopenia should be specifically considered on an individual case analysis.

Correlation between Immunohistochemical Subtype and Clinicopathological Features in Patients with Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma.

The aim of this study was to establish correlations between certain clinical, biological, therapeutic factors and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) subtypes. For this purpose, between January 2007 and December 2016 a total number of 97 patients with de novo diffuse large B-cell lymphoma were analyzed. Patients with a high prognostic index and non-GCB DLBCL positively correlated and exhibited lower survival rates than low IPI, GCB patients. IPI scoring system and cell-of-origin classification should be used together as a single valid prognostic evaluation tool for DLBCL.

Therapeutic Options in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma - A Retrospective Study and Review of the Literature.

The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the differences between standard R-CHOP and other Rituximab-associated chemotherapy (R-miniCHOP and R-CHOEP) regimens in terms of survival and potential adverse effects. The six-month survival outcomes of 94 diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) patients indicated no statistical difference between overall survival and disease-free survival in the two subgroups. The biological response to therapy (blood count, LDH levels) was similar in both subgroups. Despite having different clinical indications, R-miniCHOP and R-CHOEP provide viable therapeutic alternatives to the standard R-CHOP regimen.

The prognostic role of Bcl-2, Ki67, c-MYC and p53 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a heterogeneous group of lymphoid malignancies, which counts for more than a third of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cases. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the prognostic role of several immunohistochemical (IHC) markers involved in the pathological process of DLBCL. This is a retrospective analysis of the 97 de novo DLBCL patients admitted between January 2007 and December 2016 in the Department of Hematology, "Filantropia" Municipal Hospital, Craiova, Romania. The expression of Bcl-2, Ki67, c-MYC and p53 was assessed by immunohistochemistry. A significant level of association was observed between high prognostic index values and Bcl-2, Ki67, c-MYC and p53 positive cases. Moreover, overall survival and disease-free survival were higher in patients with negative expression for these markers. Bcl-2, Ki67, c-MYC and p53 could make important diagnostic and therapeutic targets; therefore, their routine assessment should be mandatory.

Severe upper gastrointestinal bleeding determined by a gastric lymphoma associated with Helicobacter pylori-positive atrophic gastritis.

The pathogenesis of gastric cancer regardless of histological structure is a classic example of gene-environment interaction, and an important epidemiological aspect was the recognized association with Helicobacter pylori infection. This paper describes a case of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma in a young patient whose first sign of the disease was upper gastrointestinal bleeding and associated hemorrhagic shock. The patient is a 31-year-old man, diagnosed by endoscopy 10 years ago with H. pylori-positive chronic atrophic gastritis, who refused treatment to eradicate the bacterium and presents currently in the emergency room for serious upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Emergency upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy highlights the presence of bleeding gastric tumors. It was a surgical emergency and intra-operatively the presence of invasive gastric cancer into the left hepatic lobe was noted which required total gastrectomy with the purpose of hemostasis. Immediate and remote postoperative evolution was favorable and post-operative follow-up at six months, 12 months, and 24 months showed no signs of local or distance occurrence.