Exploring the Resurgence of a Neglected Disease: Lessons From the 2023-2024 Mpox Outbreak in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Following the 2022 global mpox outbreak, diagnoses decreased worldwide, even in settings with limited vaccine access. In 2023-2024, a new outbreak emerged in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, highlighting the importance of continuous surveillance, preventive measures such as vaccination in vulnerable populations, and treatment options, emphasizing equitable global health technology distribution.

Dietary replacement of soybean meal with heat-treated grain soybean in diets of feedlot-finished beef cattle: impacts on intake, digestibility, and ruminal parameters.

The objective of this study was to assess the impact of increasing levels of heat-treated soybean in the diet of crossbred cattle during the finishing phase on nutrient intake and digestibility, ruminal parameters, digesta passage rate, nitrogen balance, and microbial protein synthesis. Five steers, crossbred 7/8 Jersey x Zebu, fitted with rumen cannulas and with an average weight of 350 ± 50 kg, were utilized. The experimental treatments consisted of 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28% inclusion of heat-treated soybean in the total diet dry matter. The animals were randomly allocated in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. Evaluation of the animals took place over five experimental periods, each lasting 20 days. During each experimental period, the first 15 days were allocated for animal adaptation to the experimental diets, followed by five days of data collection. No significant differences were observed among the diets in terms of dry matter intake (average of 6.57 kg day-1; P = 0.615) and organic matter intake (average of 6.23 kg day-1; P = 0.832). However, heat-treated soybean had a significant impact on the digestibility of dry matter (P = 0.02), organic matter (P = 0.01), crude protein (P < 0.01), and neutral detergent fiber (P < 0.01). There was no observed change on microbial protein synthesis (average of 409.6 g day-1) in animals with the inclusion of heat-treated soybean in the diets. With each 1% inclusion of heat-treated soybean in the cattle diet, there was an increase of 0.00754 units in ruminal pH values and a reduction of 0.75839 mg dL-1 in ruminal ammoniacal nitrogen values. This study suggests that heat-treated soybean can be included in up to 15% of the dry matter in diets for finishing feedlot cattle.

Mpox severity and associated hospitalizations among people with HIV and related immunosuppression in Brazil.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to analyze characteristics of mpox hospitalization in a Brazilian cohort, further exploring the impact of HIV on mpox-related outcomes and hospitalization. DESIGN: We conducted a descriptive analysis, comparing characteristics of individuals diagnosed with mpox according to hospitalization and HIV status, and described the mpox cases among those living with HIV. METHODS: This was a single-center, prospective cohort study conducted at a major infectious diseases referral center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, that enrolled participants older than 18 years of age diagnosed with mpox. Information was collected on standardized forms, including data on sociodemographic, behavioral, clinical and laboratory characteristics. For comparisons, we used chi-squared, Fisher's exact and the Moods median tests whenever appropriate. RESULTS: From June to December, 2022, we enrolled 418 individuals diagnosed with mpox, of whom 52% were people with HIV (PWH). PWH presented more frequently with fever, anogenital lesions and proctitis. The overall hospitalization rate was 10.5% ( n  = 43), especially for pain control. Among hospitalized participants, PWH had more proctitis and required invasive support. Mpox severity was related to poor HIV continuum of care outcomes and low CD4 + cell counts. All deaths ( n  = 2) occurred in PWH with CD4 + less than 50 cells/µl. CONCLUSION: HIV-related immunosuppression likely impacts mpox clinical outcomes. This is of special concern in settings of poor adherence and late presentation to care related to socioeconomic inequalities, such as Brazil. The HIV continuum of care must be taken into account when responding to the mpox outbreak.

Mpox, sexually transmitted infections and combination prevention: insights from a major cohort in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of concurrent bacterial sexually transmitted infections (bSTIs) among individuals with mpox. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study of participants aged 18 years or older with confirmed mpox conducted in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This cross-sectional analysis include only participants who underwent bSTI testing at baseline between June 2022 and January 2024. METHODS: Participants were offered testing for chlamydia/gonorrhea (NAAT, anorectal swabs) and syphilis (active diagnosis if VDRL ≥ 1/8). Baseline prevalence of bSTIs was calculated, and participant characteristics were described based on bSTI diagnosis (yes/no). Chi-squared/Fisher's tests were used for qualitative variables, and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test for quantitative variables. RESULTS: Out of 634 enrolled participants, 538 (84.9%) were tested for STIs and included in this analysis, mostly cisgender men, aged 30-39 years with post-secondary education. Overall prevalence of concurrent bSTI was 37.3%, mainly syphilis, followed by chlamydia and gonorrhea. Half of the participants had HIV coinfection, and one-third were on PrEP. Concurrent bSTI diagnosis at the time of mpox assessment was associated with being aged 30-39 years, self-identifying as cisgender men, having HIV-positive status, reporting proctitis symptoms and reporting any STI in the past 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: Our data reveals a notable prevalence of concurrent STIs among participants with confirmed mpox at a prominent infectious diseases' referral center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. These findings underscore the importance of integrating mpox into the differential diagnosis of anogenital manifestations and to promote combination prevention strategies within sexual health care services.

SARS-CoV-2 transmission in a highly vulnerable population of Brazil: a household cohort study.

Background: Household transmission studies seek to understand the transmission dynamics of a pathogen by estimating the risk of infection from household contacts and community exposures. We estimated within/extra-household SARS-CoV-2 infection risk and associated factors in a household cohort study in one of the most vulnerable neighbourhoods in Rio de Janeiro city. Methods: Individuals ≥1 years-old with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 in the past 30 days (index cases) and household members aged ≥1 year were enrolled and followed at 14 and 28 days (study period November/2020-December/2021). RT-PCR testing, COVID-19 symptoms, and SARS-CoV-2 serologies were ascertained in all visits. Chain binomial household transmission models were fitted using data from 2024 individuals (593 households). Findings: Extra-household infection risk was 74.2% (95% credible interval [CrI] 70.3-77.8), while within-household infection risk was 11.4% (95% CrI 5.7-17.2). Participants reporting having received two doses of a COVID-19 vaccine had lower extra-household (68.9%, 95% CrI 57.3-77.6) and within-household (4.1%, 95% CrI 0.4-16.6) infection risk. Within-household infection risk was higher among participants aged 10-19 years, from overcrowded households, and with low family income. Contrastingly, extra-household infection risk was higher among participants aged 20-29 years, unemployed, and public transportation users. Interpretation: Our study provides important insights into COVID-19 household/community transmission in a vulnerable population that resided in overcrowded households and who struggled to adhere to lockdown policies and social distancing measures. The high extra-household infection risk highlights the extreme social vulnerability of this population. Prioritising vaccination of the most socially vulnerable could protect these individuals and reduce widespread community transmission. Funding: Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, CNPq, FAPERJ, Royal Society, Instituto Serrapilheira, FAPESP.

Impact of body mass index on perioperative outcomes for complex hiatus hernia by videolaparoscopy / Impacto do índice de massa corporal nos resultados perioperatórios de hérnia de hiato complexa por videolaparoscopia

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The influence of body mass index on perioperative complications of hiatal hernia surgery is controversial in the surgical literature. AIMS: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of body mass index on perioperative complications and associated risk factors for its occurrence. METHODS: Two groups were compared on the basis of body mass index: group A with body mass index <32 kg/m2 and group B with body mass index ³32 kg/m2. A multivariate analysis was carried out to identify independent predictors for complications. Complications were classified based on the Clavien-Dindo score. RESULTS: A total of 49 patients were included in this study, with 30 in group A and 19 in group B. The groups were compared based on factors, such as age, Charlson Comorbidity Index, surgical techniques used, type and location of hiatal hernia, and length of stay. Findings showed that 70% of patients had complex hiatal hernia. In addition, 14 complications also occurred: 7 pleuropulmonary and 7 requiring reoperation. From the seven reoperated, there were three recurrences, two gastrointestinal fistulas, one diaphragmatic hernia, and one incisional hernia. Complications were similar in both the groups, with type IV hiatal hernia being the only independent predictor. CONCLUSIONS: Body mass index does not affect perioperative complications in anti-reflux surgery and type IV hiatal hernia is an independent predictor of its occurrence.

RESUMO RACIONAL: O impacto do índice de massa corpórea nos resultados da cirurgia de hérnia de hiato é controverso na literatura. OBJETIVOS: avaliar o impacto do índice de massa corpórea nas complicações perioperatórias em pacientes submetidos a cirurgia de hérnia hiatal, e seus possíveis preditores. MÉTODOS: análise retrospectiva 49 pacientes submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico de hérnias hiatais complexas por videolaparoscopia, divididos em dois grupos pelo índice de massa corpórea (grupo A<32kg/m2 - 30 pacientes e grupo B ³32 kg/m2 — 19 pacientes) e comparados quanto suas características e complicações. A análise multivariada foi aplicada para avaliar as variáveis preditoras independentes de complicações. As complicações foram classificadas conforme Clavien Dindo. RESULTADOS: Os grupos foram similares conforme a idade, índice de comorbidade de Charlson, técnica operatória empregada, tipo de hérnia de hiato, área do hiato esofageano, e tempo de internação pós-operatória. Setenta por cento dos pacientes possuíam hérnias de hiato complexas (gigantes ou recidivadas). Catorze complicações foram observadas: 7 pleuro pulmonares e 7 necessitando reoperação, sendo destas 3 recidivas, 2 fístulas digestivas, 1 hérnia diafragmática e 1 hérnia incisional. As complicações foram semelhantes em ambos os grupos, e a hérnia de hiato tipo IV foi o único preditor independente. CONCLUSÕES: O índice de massa corpórea não influencia nos resultados perioperatórios e a hérnia de hiato tipo IV é o único preditor independente de complicações.

Interseccionalidade e transexualidade no processo discriminatório: uma revisão integrativa / Intersectionality and transsexuality in the process of discrimination: an integrative review / Interseccionalidad y transexualidad en el proceso discriminatorio: una revisión integradora

Objetivo: identificar na literatura acadêmica as principais discriminações interseccionais vividas por mulheres trans e discutir o seu processo de estabelecimento nesse grupo populacional. Método: estudo de revisão integrativa de literatura conduzida em duas bases e três bibliotecas virtuais durante o ano de 2021 e revisada em 2022. Foi realizada análise lexicográfica por meio do software IRAMUTEC. Resultados: foram identificados 486 manuscritos, selecionando-se 15 para análise. Emergiram três categorias analíticas: (1) Interseccionalidade como multiplicador de opressões, (2) Dificuldade de acesso ao cuidado e a precarização da saúde e (3) Necessidade de Políticas Públicas Específicas e o enfrentamento da InJustiça. Conclusão: as condições estruturais do racismo, sexismo, etnofobia e violências correlatas se sobrepõem, e na base da pirâmide discriminatória se encontram as mulheres transexuais negras. Pesquisas adicionais são necessárias para levar a melhores intervenções a esta população em risco de violência.

Objective: to identify, in the academic literature, the main intersecting discriminations experienced by trans women and to discuss process by which it is established related to this population group. Method: this integrative literature review study was conducted in two databases and three virtual libraries during 2021 and then revised in 2022. Lexicographic analysis was performed using the IRAMUTEC software. Results: 486 manuscripts were identified and 15 were selected for analysis. Three analytical categories emerged: (1) Intersectionality as a multiplier of oppression; (2) Difficulty in accessing care and increasingly precarious health; and (3) Need for specific public policies and addressing injustice. Conclusion: the structural conditions of racism, sexism, ethnophobia, and related violence overlap, and black transsexual women are at the base of the pyramid of discrimination. Additional research is needed to lead to better interventions for this population at risk of violence.

Objetivo: identificar en la literatura académica las principales discriminaciones interseccionales experimentadas por mujeres trans, así como discutir su proceso de implantación en este grupo poblacional. Método: estudio de revisión integradora de literatura realizado en dos bases de datos y tres bibliotecas virtuales durante el año 2021 y revisado en 2022. El análisis lexicográfico se realizó mediante el software IRAMUTEC. Resultados: se identificaron 486 manuscritos y se seleccionaron 15 para su análisis. Surgieron tres categorías de análisis: (1) Interseccionalidad como multiplicador de la opresión, (2) Dificultad de acceso a la atención y precarización de la salud, y (3) Necesidad de Políticas Públicas Específicas y el enfrentamiento a la InJusticia. Conclusión: las condiciones estructurales del racismo, el sexismo, la etnofobia y las violencias relacionadas se superponen, y en la base de la pirámide de discriminación se encuentran las mujeres negras transgénero. Se necesita investigaciones adicionales para conducir a mejores intervenciones para esta población en riesgo de violencia.

Grape pomace silage on growth performance, carcass, and meat quality attributes of lambs

Grape pomace is a by-product that can be ensiled and added to animal feed for a sustainable animal production. This study evaluated the effects of grape pomace silage (GPS) on the intake, performance, and carcass and meat quality of feedlot lambs. Twenty-four male lambs (21.5 ± 3.0 kg initial body weight) were distributed into pairs to four diets levels 0, 10, 20, and 30 % of GPS. The addition of grape pomace silage influenced only ether extract (EE) intake linearly without hindering consumption. The diet did not affect performance and meat quality attributes and carcass parameters, with average daily gain (ADG) of 0.235 kg d-¹, feed conversion 4.299, carcass conformation 2.7, compactness index 0.25 kg cm-¹, fat thickness 1.51 mm, loin eye area 13.9 cm², pH 5.79, natural matter moisture 74.05 g 100 g-¹, and crude protein (CP) 19.94 g per 100 g-¹ of dry matter (DM). Grape pomace as could be used as silage in lamb diets with up to 30 % GPS, as the chemical composition of this by-product and the results indicate that GPS did not compromise performance, carcass traits, and meat quality.

Distúrbios psíquicos e doença ulcerosa péptica: uma revisão sistemática com metanálise

Introdução: Os Distúrbios Psíquicos (DP) são caracterizados por perturbações clinicamente significativas na cognição, enquanto a Doença Ulcerosa Péptica (DUP) é uma condição resultante da formação de erosões gástricas e/ou duodenais. O modelo multifatorial da etiologia da DUP mostra um caminho para análises dos aspectos psíquicos sobre a patogênese dessa doença. Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre DP e DUP. Discutir os possíveis mecanismos fisiopatológicos influentes no desenvolvimento da DUP em indivíduos com DP; Identificar a relação entre os DP e os fatores de risco ambientais da DUP. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática com metanálise de artigos científicos consultados através de busca no banco de dados do PubMed no dia 09 de outubro de 2019. Foram selecionados documentos de revistas escritos em língua inglesa, adotadas estratégias de seleção de estudo, com identificação, filtro inicial, aplicação dos critérios de inclusão-exclusão e controle de qualidade, para a realização da extração e síntese de dados dos trabalhos elegíveis. Resultados: Identificou-se um total de 534 artigos, obtendo-se 10 estudos elegíveis (4 estudos transversais incluídos para composição da síntese qualitativa e 6 estudos de coorte para a síntese quantitativa da metanálise). Os resultados demonstraram que pacientes com DP têm maior chance de desenvolver DUP (OR= 1,642; IC95%: 1,369-1,968; z=5,361; p< 0,001). Conclusão: O presente estudo demonstrou a associação entre DP e DUP, com uma maior prevalência e forte associação na direção de DP levando à DUP.

Estresse ocupacional e fatores estressores em enfermeiros de unidades de internação clínica / Occupational stress and stressors in clinical inpatient unit nurses / Estrés ocupacional y factores estresores en enfermeros de unidades de hospitalización clínica

A enfermagem destaca-se como uma das profissões com maior risco para desenvolver estresse pela exposição frequente a inúmeros fatores que geram tensão no ambiente de trabalho. O objetivo deste artigo é descrever os níveis de estresse autorreferidos e o perfil sociodemográfico e laboral de enfermeiros, além de discutir os fatores estressores no ambiente laboral dos enfermeiros de unidades de internações clínicas. Após realizar um estudo quantitativo, descritivo e transversal com 39 enfermeiros assistenciais, em um hospital universitário no município do Rio de Janeiro (RJ), os dados foram tratados mediante análise estatística univariada. Os resultados apontam que 87,2% (n = 34) afirmaram ter estresse de moderado a elevado no ambiente laboral. Os estressores autorreferidos mais relatados foram: falta de recursos materiais (insumos e equipamentos) (n = 25, 67,6%), relacionamentos interpessoais (n = 17, 45,9%), falta de estrutura física (n = 12, 32,4%) e a falta de recursos humanos (n = 10, 27%). O estudo é relevante, considerando que o estresse ocupacional pode gerar consequências negativas à saúde física e psíquica dos trabalhadores e, ainda, prejuízos às instituições devido aos afastamentos por motivo de doença dos trabalhadores e à perda de produtividade e qualidade do serviço prestado.

Nursing stands out as one of the professions with the highest risk of developing stress due to frequent exposure to numerous stressors in the work environment. This study describes the self-reported stress levels and the sociodemographic and occupational profile of nurses, besides discussing the stressors in the work environment of clinical inpatient unit nurses. After carrying out a quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study with 39 nursing assistants, in a university hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, data were treated by univariate statistical analysis. Results show that 87.2% (n = 34) of the nurses reported moderate to high stress in the work environment. The most frequently self-reported stressors were lack of material resources (supplies and equipment) (n = 25, 67.6%), interpersonal relationships (n = 17, 45.9%), lack of physical structure (n = 12, 32.4%), and lack of human resources (n = 10, 27%). The study is relevant, as occupational stress can generate negative consequences to the physical and mental health of workers and losses to institutions due to workers' sick leave and loss of productivity and quality of service provided.

La enfermería es una de las profesiones con mayor riesgo de desarrollar estrés debido a la exposición frecuente a muchos factores estresores en el ambiente de trabajo. El objetivo de este artículo es describir los niveles de estrés autoinformados por los enfermeros y su perfil sociodemográfico y laboral, además de discutir los factores estresores en el ambiente laboral de los enfermeros de unidades de hospitalizaciones clínicas. Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal, a 39 enfermeros asistenciales, en un hospital universitario en el municipio de Río de Janeiro, y los datos fueron tratados mediante análisis estadístico univariado. Los resultados muestran que el 87,2% (n = 34) reportaron tener estrés de moderado a alto en el ambiente laboral. Los factores estresantes más autoinformados fueron: falta de recursos materiales (insumos y equipo) (n = 25; 67,6%), relaciones interpersonales (n = 17; 45,9%), falta de estructura física (n = 12; 32,4%) y falta de recursos humanos (n = 10; 27%). El estudio es relevante, considerando que el estrés ocupacional puede generar consecuencias negativas a la salud física y psíquica de los trabajadores y aún perjuicios a las organizaciones e instituciones, por los alejamientos por motivo de enfermedad de los trabajadores, pérdida de la productividad y de la calidad del servicio prestado.

Diaphragm quantitative electromyography in difficult-to-treat asthmatic patients / Eletromiografia quantitativa do diafragma em pacientes com asma de difícil controle

ABSTRACT Quantitative electromyography is an important tool to evaluate myopathies, and some difficult-to-treat asthmatic patients may have a subclinical corticosteroid myopathic process, using only inhaled corticosteroid, according to some studies. In this report, diaphragm quantitative electromyography was used to evaluate asthmatic difficult-to-treat patients, comparing them with a control group. Significant differences were obtained in amplitude, duration and size index of motor unit action potentials, with lower parameters in the asthmatic patients, which may indicate a myopathic process.

RESUMO Eletromiografia quantitativa é uma ferramenta importante para a avaliação de miopatias, e alguns pacientes asmáticos de difícil controle podem ter um processo miopático subclínico, mesmo usando apenas corticosteroides inalatórios, de acordo com alguns artigos. Nesse artigo a eletromiografia quantitativa do diafragma foi usada para avaliar os pacientes asmáticos de difícil controle, comparando com um grupo controle. Diferenças significativas nas amplitudes, durações e índices de tamanho dos potenciais de unidades motoras foram encontradas, com parâmetros mais baixos nos pacientes asmáticos, o que pode indicar um processo miopático.

Diets for sheeps whit levels of residual frying oil consequences on ingestive behavior / Dietas para ovinos contendo teores de óleo residual de frituras consequências sobre o comportamento ingestivo

The objective of this study was to evaluate the ingestive behavior of lambs fed diets containing different levels of residual frying oil. Different residual frying oil concentrations (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 g kg-1 dry matter base) in the diets of lambs were evaluated. The experimental diets were formulated to contain 12.8% crude protein (CP) with a 60:40 roughage:concentrate ratio. In each observation period, the following variables were measured: time spent eating, time spent ruminating, time spent idle, and number and time of ruminating chews per ruminated bolus. Animals were randomly allocated to treatment groups according to a Latin square design, with five treatments and five experimental periods. The average values were analyzed using regression analysis to 5%. There was no difference for the time spent feeding, ruminating and being idle. No differences in daily feeding number, total chewing time, number of rumination boluses, number of rumination chews per bolus, rumination chew time per bolus and feeding efficiency were observed. The efficiency of rumination for dry matter and neutral detergent fiber showed a decreased linear effect. It can be concluded that the inclusion of residual frying oil does not affect activities of feeding, rumination and being idle as well as the parameters of rumination chewing, but it does decrease the efficiency of rumination.

Objetivou-se avaliar o comportamento ingestivo de carneiros alimentados com dietas contendo teores de óleo residual de frituras. Foram avaliados os teores 0, 20, 40, 60 e 80 (g kg-1 base MS) de inclusão de óleo residual de frituras em dietas para carneiros. As dietas foram formuladas para conterem 12,8% de PB mantendo uma relação volumoso:concentrado de 60:40. Foram usados cinco carneiros com peso inicial de 36,8 ± 3,3 kg. O comportamento ingestivo foi avaliado no 11º dia de cada período experimental, através da medição do tempo gasto em alimentação, ruminação e descanso por meio de observações visuais realizadas a cada 5 minutos, durante 24 horas. No mesmo dia, foi realizada a contagem do número de mastigações merícicas e do tempo despendido para ruminação de cada bolo, com a utilização de um cronômetro digital. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi quadrado latino (5 x 5). Os valores médios foram analisados por meio de análise de regressão à 5%. Não houve efeito da adição do óleo residual de frituras sobre o tempo de alimentação, ruminação e ócio, nas variáveis relativas a mastigação merícica e eficiência de alimentação. Houve efeito linear decrescente para a eficiência de ruminação da MS e do FDN. Conclui-se que a inclusão de óleo residual de frituras não afetou as atividades de ingestão, ruminação e ócio, bem como, os parâmetros da mastigação merícica, mas reduz a eficiência da ruminação.

Diets for sheeps whit levels of residual frying oil consequences on ingestive behavior / Dietas para ovinos contendo teores de óleo residual de frituras consequências sobre o comportamento ingestivo

The objective of this study was to evaluate the ingestive behavior of lambs fed diets containing different levels of residual frying oil. Different residual frying oil concentrations (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 g kg-1 dry matter base) in the diets of lambs were evaluated. The experimental diets were formulated to contain 12.8% crude protein (CP) with a 60:40 roughage:concentrate ratio. In each observation period, the following variables were measured: time spent eating, time spent ruminating, time spent idle, and number and time of ruminating chews per ruminated bolus. Animals were randomly allocated to treatment groups according to a Latin square design, with five treatments and five experimental periods. The average values were analyzed using regression analysis to 5%. There was no difference for the time spent feeding, ruminating and being idle. No differences in daily feeding number, total chewing time, number of rumination boluses, number of rumination chews per bolus, rumination chew time per bolus and feeding efficiency were observed. The efficiency of rumination for dry matter and neutral detergent fiber showed a decreased linear effect. It can be concluded that the inclusion of residual frying oil does not affect activities of feeding, rumination and being idle as well as the parameters of rumination chewing, but it does decrease the efficiency of rumination.(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar o comportamento ingestivo de carneiros alimentados com dietas contendo teores de óleo residual de frituras. Foram avaliados os teores 0, 20, 40, 60 e 80 (g kg-1 base MS) de inclusão de óleo residual de frituras em dietas para carneiros. As dietas foram formuladas para conterem 12,8% de PB mantendo uma relação volumoso:concentrado de 60:40. Foram usados cinco carneiros com peso inicial de 36,8 ± 3,3 kg. O comportamento ingestivo foi avaliado no 11º dia de cada período experimental, através da medição do tempo gasto em alimentação, ruminação e descanso por meio de observações visuais realizadas a cada 5 minutos, durante 24 horas. No mesmo dia, foi realizada a contagem do número de mastigações merícicas e do tempo despendido para ruminação de cada bolo, com a utilização de um cronômetro digital. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi quadrado latino (5 x 5). Os valores médios foram analisados por meio de análise de regressão à 5%. Não houve efeito da adição do óleo residual de frituras sobre o tempo de alimentação, ruminação e ócio, nas variáveis relativas a mastigação merícica e eficiência de alimentação. Houve efeito linear decrescente para a eficiência de ruminação da MS e do FDN. Conclui-se que a inclusão de óleo residual de frituras não afetou as atividades de ingestão, ruminação e ócio, bem como, os parâmetros da mastigação merícica, mas reduz a eficiência da ruminação. (AU)

Phrenic nerve conduction studies: normative data and technical aspects / Aspectos técnicos e normatização da neurocondução do nervo frênico

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of the present study was to define normative data of phrenic nerve conduction parameters of a healthy population. Methods: Phrenic nerve conduction studies were performed in 27 healthy volunteers. Results: The normative limits for expiratory phrenic nerve compound muscle action potential were: amplitude (0.47 mv - 0.83 mv), latency (5.74 ms - 7.10 ms), area (6.20 ms/mv - 7.20 ms/mv) and duration (18.30 ms - 20.96 ms). Inspiratory normative limits were: amplitude (0.67 mv - 1.11 mv), latency (5.90 ms - 6.34 ms), area (5.62 ms/mv - 6.72 ms/mv) and duration (13.77 ms - 15.37 ms). Conclusion: The best point of phrenic nerve stimulus in the neck varies among individuals between the medial and lateral border of the clavicular head of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and stimulation of both sites, then choosing the best phrenic nerve response, seems to be the appropriate procedure.

RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi definir os dados normativos de condução do nervo frênico de uma população saudável. Métodos: Foram realizados estudos de condução do nervo frênico em 27 voluntários saudáveis. Resultados: Os limites normais do potencial de ação muscular composto do nervo frênico durante a expiração foram: amplitude (0.47 mv - 0.83 mv), latência (5.74 ms - 7.10 ms), área (6.20 ms/mv - 7.20 ms/mv) e duração (18.30 ms - 20.96 ms). E durante a inspiração os limites normais foram: amplitude (0.67 mv - 1.11 mv), latência (5.90 ms - 6.34 ms), área (5.62 ms/mv - 6.72 ms/mv) e duração (13.77 ms - 15.37 ms). Conclusão: O melhor ponto de estímulo do nervo frênico no pescoço varia entre a borda medial e lateral da cabeça clavicular do músculo esternocleidomastóideo. Estimular ambos os locais e escolher a melhor resposta do nervo frênico parece ser o procedimento mais adequado.

Feeding behavior in lambs fed diets containing crambe cake / Comportamento ingestivo de cordeiros alimentados com rações contendo torta de crambe

It was evaluated the feeding behavior of lambs fed diets containing 30% sorghum silage and 70% crambe cake (30:70 diet), and 70% sorghum silage and 30% crambe cake (70:30 diet) under voluntary and controlled consumption. The experimental design used was a 4 × 4 Latin square, with four animals, four periods, and four treatments; feeding behavior was determined by observation. The results indicated that animals fed the 30:70 diet showed higher DM and NDF (g day-1) than those fed the 70:30 diet. Animals fed the 70:30 diet showed longer feeding times (h kg-1 DM), mastication (min kg-1 DM and min kg-1 NDF), rumination (min day-1 and min kg-1 DM), and the largest number of mericics chewing per bolus; however, a higher feed efficiency (g DM h-1) was observed in the 30:70 diet group. Furthermore, animals feeding voluntarily had higher DM intake and chewed for longer. Therefore, the combined results indicated that crambe cake could be used in the diet of sheep without affecting feeding behavior.

Foi avaliado o comportamento ingestivo de cordeiros alimentados com rações contendo 30% de silagem de sorgo e 70% de torta de crambe (30:70) e 70% de silagem de sorgo e 30% de torta de crambe (70:30) sob consumo voluntário e controlado. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o quadrado latino 4x4, com quatro animais, quatro períodos e quatro tratamentos. O comportamento ingestivo foi determinado mediante observação visual. Animais recebendo dietas com relação 30:70, apresentaram maior consumo de MS e FDN (g dia-1). Animais alimentados com a relação 70:30, apresentaram maior tempo de alimentação (horas kg-1MS), de mastigação (min kg-1MS e min kg-1FDN), de ruminação (min dia-1 e min kg-1MS), maior número de mastigações merícicas por bolo. A melhor eficiência de alimentação (g MS h-1) foi apresentado para a relação 30:70. Animais submetidos ao regime de consumo voluntário apresentam maior consumo de MS e maior tempo de mastigação. A torta de crambe pode ser utilizada na dieta de ovinos sem alterar os parâmetros de comportamento ingestivo.