RESUMO
During 2005-2008, veterinary practitioners reported ocular infection by Thelazia spp. nematodes in 115 dogs and 2 cats in southwestern France. Most cases were detected in Dordogne, particularly in 3 counties with numerous strawberry farms, which may favor development of the fruit fly vector. Animal thelaziosis may lead to emergence of human cases.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Infecções Oculares Parasitárias/veterinária , Infecções por Spirurida/veterinária , Thelazioidea/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Doenças do Gato/epidemiologia , Doenças do Gato/parasitologia , Gatos , Doenças do Cão/parasitologia , Cães , Infecções Oculares Parasitárias/epidemiologia , França/epidemiologia , Infecções por Spirurida/epidemiologiaRESUMO
In the past decade, canine thelaziosis due to Thelazia callipaeda has been diagnosed in an increasing number of European countries, with endemic areas being identified. A multi-center field trial was conducted in endemic areas in France and Spain to evaluate the efficacy of monthly administrations of the oral milbemycin oxime/afoxolaner combination (NexGard Spectra®) for the prevention of T. callipaeda infection in at-risk dogs. A total of 79 dogs negative for T. callipaeda and with a clinical history of eyeworm infection in the past two years completed the study. Dogs were randomly allocated either to a negative control group (42 dogs) or to the NexGard Spectra® treated group (37 dogs). All dogs were followed up for a 6-month period and assessed monthly for the presence of nematodes on the eyes and for the signs of ocular thelaziosis (e.g., conjunctivitis, keratitis, and ocular discharge). When the presence of nematodes was confirmed, the conjunctival fornix was flushed with a saline solution for parasite recovery and counting, and the dogs were treated appropriately. Recovered parasites were stored in 70% alcohol for subsequent morphological identification. During the course of the study, 57.1% (24/42) of the control dogs were diagnosed positive for Thelazia infection, which illustrates a high incidence rate of parasite infection. Conversely, no eyeworm was recovered from any of the 37 dogs that received NexGard Spectra®. All parasites sampled were confirmed to be T. callipaeda. This clinical field study demonstrated that monthly administrations of NexGard Spectra® provided 100% preventive efficacy against canine thelaziosis.
Assuntos
Anti-Helmínticos/administração & dosagem , Doenças do Cão/prevenção & controle , Doenças Endêmicas/veterinária , Infecções Oculares Parasitárias/veterinária , Infecções por Spirurida/veterinária , Thelazioidea/efeitos dos fármacos , Administração Oral , Animais , Doenças do Cão/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Doenças do Cão/parasitologia , Cães , Combinação de Medicamentos , Doenças Endêmicas/prevenção & controle , Olho/efeitos dos fármacos , Olho/parasitologia , Infecções Oculares Parasitárias/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Oculares Parasitárias/epidemiologia , Infecções Oculares Parasitárias/prevenção & controle , Feminino , França/epidemiologia , Isoxazóis/administração & dosagem , Macrolídeos/administração & dosagem , Masculino , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura/veterinária , Naftalenos/administração & dosagem , Distribuição Aleatória , Espanha/epidemiologia , Infecções por Spirurida/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Spirurida/epidemiologia , Infecções por Spirurida/prevenção & controle , Thelazioidea/ultraestruturaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The relative efficacy of a collar containing 10% imidacloprid and 4.5% flumethrin (Seresto, Bayer HealthCare Animal Health) and a spot on formulation containing 10% imidacloprid and 2.5% moxidectin (Advocate, Bayer HealthCare Animal Health) was evaluated as a control measure to prevent canine thelaziosis in dogs in an endemic area of France. FINDINGS: Ninety-six privately-owned dogs were enrolled in the multicentre, controlled study. Before summer (the period of transmission by fruit flies), dogs were allocated to one of three groups: Group A (n = 36)- treated once with a collar containing 10% imidacloprid and 4.5% flumethrin; Group B (n = 33)- treated every month for 8 months with a spot-on containing imidacloprid 10% and moxidectin 2.5%; and Group C (n = 27)- untreated control animals. Dogs were regularly subjected to ocular examination in order to assess Thelazia callipaeda infection. During the trial, T. callipaeda nematodes were detected in 12 (33%) collared dogs (group A) whereas no eyeworm could be found in dogs who received a monthly spot on application of moxidectin (group B). In the control group, 8 (30%) dogs became infected. CONCLUSIONS: The monthly application of a spot on formulation containing 10% imidacloprid and 2.5% moxidectin was shown to be highly effective in preventing T. callipaeda infection in a population of dogs living in an endemic area in France. On the contrary, the slow-release collar tested in this study did not display any protection against canine thelaziosis.