Structure of the parotid gland in natural infection by Leishmania infantum in Canis familiaris.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to perform a histopathological, morphometric and proteomic study of the parotid gland of dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum treated and not treated with Allopurinol. DESIGN: Parotid glands from 14 dogs were used, divided into two groups: untreated and treated with oral allopurinol (20 mg / kg, once daily for 90 days). After adequate dissection, the organs were submitted to histopathological, histomorphometric and immunohistochemical techniques, using the monoclonal anti-ß-catenin antibody. RESULTS: Histopathological evaluation of treated and untreated groups showed acinar hypertrophy, structural disorganization of the nucleus and cytoplasm. There was an increase in the area and perimeter of the parotid acini in the experimental groups. The immunostaining of the ß-catenin protein in the membrane was severely reduced in the treated and untreated groups. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that Leishmania infantum infection and treatment with Allopurinol alter the tissue structure of the parotid gland in dogs, promoting an increase in the acinar volume and a decrease in the expression of ß-catenin in cell membranes.

Effects of "Bacuri" Seed Butter (Platonia insignis Mart.) on Metabolic Parameters in Hamsters with Diet-Induced Hypercholesterolemia.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the treatment with bacuri seed butter (BB) on body weight, growth, body mass index, lipid profile, atherosclerotic indices, and liver function in dyslipidemic hamsters. Freshly weaned, male hamsters were divided into four groups: (1) normal group (NG)-maintained with standard chow (AIN-93G); (2) dyslipidemia group (DG)-maintained with hyperlipidemic chow (AIN-93G modified) throughout the follow-up period; (3) bacuri seed butter 25 mg/kg/day (BB-25); and (4) bacuri seed butter 50 mg/kg/day (BB-50). BB groups (25 and 50 mg/kg/day) were also maintained with hyperlipidemic chow throughout the follow-up period, and the treatment started after 21 days receiving a hyperlipidemic diet to induce hypercholesterolemia and maintained for 28 days. No significant differences in triglycerides and total cholesterol were observed for BB-25 and BB-50 groups when compared with NG and DG groups. On the contrary, BB-25 and BB-50 induced both increase of HDL-c (51.40 ± 1.69 and 51.00 ± 2.34, respectively) and decrease of LDL-c (103.80 ± 6.87 and 100.50 ± 3.95, respectively) when compared with DG (41.00 ± 2.94 and 132.70 ± 9.41, respectively). In addition, BB promoted a reduction in the risk of atherosclerotic disease by decreasing (p < 0.05) the atherogenic index, coronary artery risk index, and LDL/CT ratio (p < 0.05) and increasing HDL/CT ratio. On the contrary, no changes were observed in total cholesterol and triglyceride levels or in body weight, growth, body mass index, or liver function parameters. Thus, bacuri seed butter at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg/day has positive repercussions on the lipid profile, more precisely on plasma HDL-c and LDL-c, and additionally promotes reduction in the risk of atherosclerosis in hamsters.

Lycopene-Rich Extract from Red Guava (Psidium guajava L.) Decreases Plasma Triglycerides and Improves Oxidative Stress Biomarkers on Experimentally-Induced Dyslipidemia in Hamsters.

This work assessed the effects of a 28-day treatment with lycopene-rich extract (LRE) from red guava fruit (Psidium guajava L.) on the lipid profile and oxidative stress in an experimental model of dyslipidemia. Male hamsters (116.5 ± 2.16 g) were fed with the AIN 93G diet containing casein (20%), coconut fat (13.5%) and cholesterol (0.1%). The animals were divided into four groups: normolipidemic control (standard feed; NC, n = 7); hypercholesterolemic control (HC, n = 7); LRE 25 mg/kg/day (LRE-25, n = 7) and LRE 50 mg/kg/day (LRE-50, n = 9). After treatment, plasma concentrations of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (HDL-c), malondialdehyde (MDA-p) and myeloperoxidase (MPO), as well as erythrocytic superoxide dismutase (SOD-e) and the atherogenic index, were determined. Malondialdehyde (MDA-h), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD-h) levels were assessed. Feed intake (FI) and weight gain (WG) were also determined. The LRE-25 group presented significantly lower TG levels and atherogenic index than did the HC group (p < 0.05). Both LRE-25 and LRE-50 groups presented lower levels of MDA-p and MPO than did the HC group (p < 0.05). LRE demonstrated a promising effect against dyslipidemia and oxidative stress.

Cholesterol-Lowering and Liver-Protective Effects of Cooked and Germinated Mung Beans (Vigna radiata L.).

We investigated the hypocholesterolemic and liver-protective effects of cooked and germinated whole mung beans. Hamsters were fed for 28 days on diets rich in saturated fatty acids and cholesterol, differing only in protein source (20%): casein, cooked whole mung bean, and germinated mung bean. After 28 days, we found reduced plasma concentrations of total cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, increased faecal cholesterol excretion, and reduced levels of asparagine aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase enzymes in the liver. Reduction in hepatic lipid deposition was observed between each of the mung bean groups relative to the casein group. In addition, the animals of the geminated mung bean group showed a lack of inflammatory infiltrate and better vascularisation of the hepatic tissue. Results from this study show significant hypocholesterolemic and liver-protective properties of the mung bean, which are further enhanced after germination.

Anoftalmia bilateral em cão associada à malformação peniana congênita / Bilateral anophthalmia in dog associated with congenital penile malformation

Background: Anophthalmia refers to the complete absence of an eyeball. It is a very rare congenital condition that affects all breeds of dogs, which may be unilateral or bilateral. Anophthalmia results from a severe developmental deficiency in the primitive forebrain, prior to the formation of the optic sulcus. This condition has a complex etiology, and chromosomal, monogenic, and environmental causes have already been identified. There might be an association between anophthalmia and other congenital abnormalities. This case report aimed to report the case of a male dog with bilateral anophthalmia associated with penile malformation. Case: A 3-year-old male mongrel dog was evaluated in a clinical consultation at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of the Federal University of Piauí (UFPI) - Teresina - Brazil, with signs of anemia and diarrhea. His vaccinations were not up to date (multiple and anti-rabies), presented ectoparasites (ticks), and showed inappetence. The owner reported that the animal was blind from birth, was already well adapted to its environment, had the company of other animals, and had no access to the street. On clinical examination, the animal had a good body score. The eyelids were bilaterally present with normally developed eyelashes. Both the head and face had a symmetrical appearance, without structural abnormalities, and the palpebral fissures were narrow. When opening the eyelids manually, the presence of the conjunctiva was observed bilaterally, the orbits were shallow, and neither orbit contained the eyeball. Further inspection with an ophthalmic clinical flashlight did not reveal any other ocular structures. The initial diagnosis was suggestive of bilateral anophthalmia. Ultrasound examination of the ocular region confirmed the presence of bilateral anophthalmia. A general physical examination revealed a malformed penis with a persistent penile frenulum. Regarding systemic clinical signs (apathy, inappetence, diarrhea, and anemia), clinical and laboratory examinations led to the suspicion of verminosis. Discussion: The dog in this report had a good body score; however, this type of malformation can generate non-viable puppies. Anophthalmia is an extremely rare congenital ocular malformation, both in humans and companion animals, in which there are no ocular structures in the orbits, and these structures (orbits) in affected individuals are generally small and shallow, as seen in the dog in this report. Ultrasonographic examination confirmed the bilateral anophthalmic condition, being the most accurate method of diagnosing this congenital condition. The animal in this report presented with anophthalmia associated with penile malformation. This type of association until this case report has only been described in humans and mice, and is probably caused by a mutation in the SOX2 gene, which is responsible for the protein of the same name, which makes the maturation of ocular tissues in the primitive forebrain. Thus, it is likely that such congenital alterations are the cause of the malformations observed in this animal. Maternal vitamin A deficiency, a factor known to cause ocular malformations, may also be involved in the etiology of congenital diseases. Nutritional imbalances in dogs are common in the animal's region of origin The dog in this report had a normal life. Although it is a condition that causes blindness, dogs can have a normal life and welfare, even with bilateral anophthalmia.

Anesthetic risk in cats undergoing surgical procedures in a Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital / Risco anestésico em gatos submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos em um Hospital Veterinário Universitário

Background: In order to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with anesthetic procedures in cats, it is important to carry out a thorough pre-anesthetic evaluation. The surgical risk depends on several factors related to the patient, the surgical procedure, and the anesthetic used. Evaluation of perioperative mortality and the identification of the main factors of death reduce mortality rates. This research was conducted to evaluate and obtain the classification of physical status and anesthetic risk in cats submitted for surgical procedures.Materials, Methods & Results: Ninety-two cats were classified into anesthetic categories according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification. The group consisted of 62 females (67.39%) and 30 males (32.61%). In the ASA classification, the emergency qualifier was added, resulting in 52.17% (48/92) of the total number of surgeries being considered as emergencies. The ASA I patients constituted the majority of the study sample (33.69%, 31/92). There were no deaths among ASA I patients. The ASA II patients represented 20.65% (19/92), with surgeries divided into non-emergency (42.10%, 8/19) and emergency (57.89%, 11/19). All ASA II patients had mild localized infections, and there were no deaths. ASA III patients constituted 28.26% (26/92) of the study sample and had moderate systemic alterations. Surgeries in this group were also classified as emergency (24/26, 92.30%) or non-emergency (2/26, 7.69%). There was one postoperative death in this group. The ASA IV patients represented 17.39% (16/92) of the study sample. The emergency surgeries (81.25%, 13/16) had a greater percentage than the elective surgeries. In this group, two deaths occurring in the immediate postoperative period. The overall mortality for the entire study sample was 3.26% (3/92).[...]

Anesthetic risk in cats undergoing surgical procedures in a Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital / Risco anestésico em gatos submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos em um Hospital Veterinário Universitário

Background: In order to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with anesthetic procedures in cats, it is important to carry out a thorough pre-anesthetic evaluation. The surgical risk depends on several factors related to the patient, the surgical procedure, and the anesthetic used. Evaluation of perioperative mortality and the identification of the main factors of death reduce mortality rates. This research was conducted to evaluate and obtain the classification of physical status and anesthetic risk in cats submitted for surgical procedures.Materials, Methods & Results: Ninety-two cats were classified into anesthetic categories according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification. The group consisted of 62 females (67.39%) and 30 males (32.61%). In the ASA classification, the emergency qualifier was added, resulting in 52.17% (48/92) of the total number of surgeries being considered as emergencies. The ASA I patients constituted the majority of the study sample (33.69%, 31/92). There were no deaths among ASA I patients. The ASA II patients represented 20.65% (19/92), with surgeries divided into non-emergency (42.10%, 8/19) and emergency (57.89%, 11/19). All ASA II patients had mild localized infections, and there were no deaths. ASA III patients constituted 28.26% (26/92) of the study sample and had moderate systemic alterations. Surgeries in this group were also classified as emergency (24/26, 92.30%) or non-emergency (2/26, 7.69%). There was one postoperative death in this group. The ASA IV patients represented 17.39% (16/92) of the study sample. The emergency surgeries (81.25%, 13/16) had a greater percentage than the elective surgeries. In this group, two deaths occurring in the immediate postoperative period. The overall mortality for the entire study sample was 3.26% (3/92).[...](AU)

Osteossíntese de tíbia em coelho utilizando pino intramedular combinado a grampo confeccionado com pino Steimann: relato de caso / Osteosynthesis of tibia in rabbit using intramedullary pin combined clip made with Steimann pin: case report / Osteosíntesis de la tibia en conejos empleando combina clip de clavo intramedular hecho con el pasador Steimann: presentación de un caso

Las fracturas de huesos se encuentran entre la ocurrencia principal de las enfermedades en la clínica quirúrgica veterinaria y la búsqueda de nuevas técnicas para la reparación, la restauración y la función temprana dei hueso afectado se están lievando a cabo, sobre todo en lo que respecta a las ventajas biomecánicas. se le concedió un conejo, macho, 8 meses de edad presentando fractura conminuta de la diáfisis tibial. Lo mismo se sometió a osteosíntesis intramedular usando el clip combinado alfiler fabricado con el pasador Steimann. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir una propuesta técnica de reducción de la fractura, con el uso de pasadores Steimann. Cuando, llegamos a la conclusión de que el uso de la técnica para el clavo intramedular asociado con cerclaje y transfixion interna con la abrazadera modificada es uma opción de bajo cesto, resultado práctico y eficaz en elia ment de la fractura de la diáfisis tibial en conejos.

Bone fractures are among the main occurrence of diseases in veterinary surgical clinic and the search for new techniques for the repair, restoration and early function of the affected bone is being made, especially with regard to biomechanical advantages. A rabbit, male, 8 months old presenting comminuted fracture of the tibial shaft was granted. The same underwent osteosynthesis using intramedullary pin combined clip made with Steimann pino The objective of this paper to describe a proposal for fracture reduction technique, with the use of Steimann pins. Where, we conclude that the use of the technique for intramedullary pin associated with cerclage and internal transfixion with modified clamp is a low cost option, practical and effective result in it ment of tibial shaft fracture in rabbits.

As fraturas ósseas estão dentre as principais patologias de ocorrência na clínica cirúrgica veterinária e a busca por novas técnicas para a reparação, restauração e a função precoce do osso afetado vêm sendo realizadas, principalmente no que diz respeito a vantagens biomecânica. Foi atendido um coelho, macho, com 8 meses de idade apresentando fratura cominutiva em diáfise tibial. O mesmo foi submetido a osteossíntese utilizando-se pino intramedular combinado a grampo confeccionado com pino de Steimann. Objetivou-se, neste paper, descrever uma proposta de técnica de redução de fratura, com o emprego de pinos de Steimann. Onde, concluimos que o uso da técnica por pino intramedular associado a cerclagem e transfixação interna com grampo modificado é uma opção de baixo custo, prática e de resultado efetivo no tratamento de fratura diafisária de tíbia em coelhos.

Osteossíntese de tíbia em coelho utilizando pino intramedular combinado a grampo confeccionado com pino Steimann: relato de caso / Osteosynthesis of tibia in rabbit using intramedullary pin combined clip made with Steimann pin: case report / Osteosíntesis de la tibia en conejos empleando combina clip de clavo intramedular hecho con el pasador Steimann: presentación de un caso

Las fracturas de huesos se encuentran entre la ocurrencia principal de las enfermedades en la clínica quirúrgica veterinaria y la búsqueda de nuevas técnicas para la reparación, la restauración y la función temprana dei hueso afectado se están lievando a cabo, sobre todo en lo que respecta a las ventajas biomecánicas. se le concedió un conejo, macho, 8 meses de edad presentando fractura conminuta de la diáfisis tibial. Lo mismo se sometió a osteosíntesis intramedular usando el clip combinado alfiler fabricado con el pasador Steimann. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir una propuesta técnica de reducción de la fractura, con el uso de pasadores Steimann. Cuando, llegamos a la conclusión de que el uso de la técnica para el clavo intramedular asociado con cerclaje y transfixion interna con la abrazadera modificada es uma opción de bajo cesto, resultado práctico y eficaz en elia ment de la fractura de la diáfisis tibial en conejos.(AU)

Bone fractures are among the main occurrence of diseases in veterinary surgical clinic and the search for new techniques for the repair, restoration and early function of the affected bone is being made, especially with regard to biomechanical advantages. A rabbit, male, 8 months old presenting comminuted fracture of the tibial shaft was granted. The same underwent osteosynthesis using intramedullary pin combined clip made with Steimann pino The objective of this paper to describe a proposal for fracture reduction technique, with the use of Steimann pins. Where, we conclude that the use of the technique for intramedullary pin associated with cerclage and internal transfixion with modified clamp is a low cost option, practical and effective result in it ment of tibial shaft fracture in rabbits.(AU)

As fraturas ósseas estão dentre as principais patologias de ocorrência na clínica cirúrgica veterinária e a busca por novas técnicas para a reparação, restauração e a função precoce do osso afetado vêm sendo realizadas, principalmente no que diz respeito a vantagens biomecânica. Foi atendido um coelho, macho, com 8 meses de idade apresentando fratura cominutiva em diáfise tibial. O mesmo foi submetido a osteossíntese utilizando-se pino intramedular combinado a grampo confeccionado com pino de Steimann. Objetivou-se, neste paper, descrever uma proposta de técnica de redução de fratura, com o emprego de pinos de Steimann. Onde, concluimos que o uso da técnica por pino intramedular associado a cerclagem e transfixação interna com grampo modificado é uma opção de baixo custo, prática e de resultado efetivo no tratamento de fratura diafisária de tíbia em coelhos.(AU)