Differential susceptibility of blastospores and aerial conidia of entomopathogenic fungi to heat and UV-B stresses.

We investigated the comparative susceptibility to heat and UV-B radiation of blastospores and aerial conidia of Metarhizium spp. (Metarhizium robertsii IP 146, Metarhizium anisopliae s.l. IP 363 and Metarhizium acridum ARSEF 324) and Beauveria bassiana s.l. (IP 361 and CG 307). Conidia and blastospores were produced in solid or liquid Adámek-modified medium, respectively, and then exposed to heat (45 ± 0.2 °C) in a range of 0 (control) to 360 min; the susceptibility of fungal propagules to heat exposures was assessed to express relative viability. Similarly, both propagules of each isolate were also exposed to a range of 0 (control) to 8.1 kJ m-2 under artificial UV-B radiation. Our results showed that fungal isolates, propagule types and exposure time or dose of the stressor source play critical roles in fungal survival challenged with UV-B and heat. Conidia of ARSEF 324, IP 363, IP 146 and IP 361 exposed to heat survived significantly longer than their blastospores, except for blastospores of CG 307. Conidia and blastospores of IP 146 and IP 363 were equally tolerant to UV-B radiation. We claim that blastospores of certain isolates may be promising candidates to control arthropod pests in regions where heat and UV-B are limiting environmental factors.

Occurrence of Bovine Cysticercosis in Two Regions of the State of Tocantins-Brazil and the Importance of Pathogen Identification.

Bovine cysticercosis, caused by Taenia saginata metacestodes, is the cause of significant economic losses to the meat production chain by condemnation and downgrading of infected carcasses. It is also a public health issue causing human taeniasis. This study evaluated the occurrence of bovine cysticercosis at the meat inspection procedures in slaughterhouses of south and north regions of the Tocantins State in Brazil. Specimens identified as cysts of T. saginata were collected and analyzed by molecular (PCR) and histopathological techniques. The cysts were collected from March to December of 2010 in slaughterhouses located in the cities of Alvorada (South) and Araguaína (North). The frequency of cystic lesions during the study was 0.033% (53/164,091) with 69.81% of calcified lesions and 30.9% of live cysts at meat inspection. From 14 samples submitted to molecular analysis, 28.57% (4/14) were positive for T. saginata. The histopathological analysis of the non-T. saginata samples showed lesions suggestive of granuloma and hydatid disease. The results indicated that the identification of the etiological agent is difficult by macroscopic inspection, emphasizing the need to associate specific diagnostic methods at meat inspection in abattoirs. In addition, species-specific PCR would be an effective tool for diagnosis, monitoring, and identifying cysticercosis, assisting the conventional tests.

Leptospirose e a infecção de ovinos revisão de literatura / Leptospirosis and infection of sheep review

A leptospirose é uma doença de ampla distribuição geográfica que afeta frequentemente a produtividade de pequenos ruminantes. Esta infecção é causada por bactérias pertencentes ao gênero Leptospira spp. e caracteriza-se por ser uma importante causa de problemas reprodutivos em animais de produção. Neste contexto, a espécie ovina pode ser acometida com frequência, visto que compõe a classe dos animais susceptíveis dentro de um sistema de criação. O estudo de aspectos referentes à esta infecção nos ovinos, tais como agente etiológico, epidemiologia, patogenia, sinais clínicos, métodos de diagnóstico e tratamento e profilaxia, torna-se essencial para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de controle da doença, minimizando as consequentes perdas econômicas. (AU)

Leptospirosis is a disease widely distributed that often affects the productivity of small ruminants. This infection is caused by bacteria belonging to the genus Leptospira spp. and characterized to be a major cause of reproductive failure in animal production. In this context, often sheep can be affected, seen that comprise the class of susceptible animals in a breeding system. The study of aspects related to this infection in sheep, such as etiological agent, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnostic methods and treatment and prophylaxis, is essential to develop strategies to control the disease, minimizing the consequent economic losses. (AU)

Fauna helmintológica de catetos (Tayassu tajacu - Linnaeus, 1758) e suas implicações para produção comercial revisão de literatura / Helminthological fauna of the collared peccaries (Tayassu tajacu - Linnaeus, 1758) and your implications for commercial production review

Tayassu tajacu, popularmente conhecido como cateto, é uma espécie silvestre encontrada desde o sul dos EUA até o norte da Argentina, sendo abundantemente encontrada no Brasil. São animais comumente consumidos como fonte de proteínas por populações ribeirinhas e indígenas, sua carne é muito apreciada em grandes centros urbanos no Brasil e no exterior e seu couro é utilizado para a fabricação de artigos finos, como luvas e bolsas. Já foram relatados parasitando catetos as espécies: Monodontus semicircularis, Monodontus aguiari, Eucyathostomum dentatum, Dirofilaria acutiuscula, Texicospirura turki, Gongylonema baylisi, Gongylonema pulchrum, Parabronema pecariae, Parostertagia heterospiculum, Physocephalus sexalatus, Trichuris sp., Capillaria hepatica, Ascarops strongylina, Cooperia punctata, Cooperia spatulata, Oesophagostomum dentatum, Nematodirus molini, Trichostrongylus axei, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Spiculopteragia tayassui, Strongyloides ransomi, Macracanthorhyncus hirudinaceus, Metastrongylus salmi, Fascioloides magna, Moniezia benedeni, Stichorchis giganteus. O conhecimento dos helmintos parasitos de Tayassu tajacu é fundamental para a elaboração de um manejo sanitário adequado para a prevenção e tratamento de helmintoses, favorecendo sua criação em cativeiro. (AU)

Tayassu tajacu, popularly known as collared peccary, is a wild species found from the southern U.S. to northern Argentina and is abundantly found in Brazil. Are commonly consumed as a protein source for coastal populations and indigenous. Their meat is highly prized in large urban centers in Brazil and abroad and its leather is used for the manufacture of fine items like gloves and bags. The following species has been related parasitizing T. tajacu: Monodontus semicircularis, Monodontus aguiari, Eucyathostomum dentatum, Dirofilaria acutiuscula, Texicospirura turki, Gongylonema baylisi, Gongylonema pulchrum, Parabronema pecariae, Parostertagia heterospiculum, Physocephalus sexalatus, Trichuris sp., Capillaria hepatica, Ascarops strongylina, Cooperia punctata, Cooperia spatulata, Oesophagostomum dentatum, Nematodirus molini, Trichostrongylus axei, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Spiculopteragia tayassui, Strongyloides ransomi, Macracanthorhyncus hirudinaceus, Metastrongylus salmi, Fascioloides magna, Moniezia benedeni, Stichorchis giganteus. Knowledge of helminth parasites Tayassu Tajacu is fundamental to the development of an adequate health management for the prevention and treatment of helminth infections , favoring its captive breeding. (AU)

Fauna helmintológica de catetos (Tayassu tajacu - Linnaeus, 1758) e suas implicações para produção comercial – revisão de literatura / Helminthological fauna of the collared peccaries (Tayassu tajacu - Linnaeus, 1758) and your implications for commercial production – review

Tayassu tajacu, popularmente conhecido como cateto, é uma espécie silvestre encontrada desde o sul dos EUA até o norte da Argentina, sendo abundantemente encontrada no Brasil. São animais comumente consumidos como fonte de proteínas por populações ribeirinhas e indígenas, sua carne é muito apreciada em grandes centros urbanos no Brasil e no exterior e seu couro é utilizado para a fabricação de artigos finos, como luvas e bolsas. Já foram relatados parasitando catetos as espécies: Monodontus semicircularis, Monodontus aguiari, Eucyathostomum dentatum, Dirofilaria acutiuscula, Texicospirura turki, Gongylonema baylisi, Gongylonema pulchrum, Parabronema pecariae, Parostertagia heterospiculum, Physocephalus sexalatus, Trichuris sp., Capillaria hepatica, Ascarops strongylina, Cooperia punctata, Cooperia spatulata, Oesophagostomum dentatum, Nematodirus molini, Trichostrongylus axei, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Spiculopteragia tayassui, Strongyloides ransomi, Macracanthorhyncus hirudinaceus, Metastrongylus salmi, Fascioloides magna, Moniezia benedeni, Stichorchis giganteus. O conhecimento dos helmintos parasitos de Tayassu tajacu é fundamental para a elaboração de um manejo sanitário adequado para a prevenção e tratamento de helmintoses, favorecendo sua criação em cativeiro.

Tayassu tajacu, popularly known as collared peccary, is a wild species found from the southern U.S. to northern Argentina and is abundantly found in Brazil. Are commonly consumed as a protein source for coastal populations and indigenous. Their meat is highly prized in large urban centers in Brazil and abroad and its leather is used for the manufacture of fine items like gloves and bags. The following species has been related parasitizing T. tajacu: Monodontus semicircularis, Monodontus aguiari, Eucyathostomum dentatum, Dirofilaria acutiuscula, Texicospirura turki, Gongylonema baylisi, Gongylonema pulchrum, Parabronema pecariae, Parostertagia heterospiculum, Physocephalus sexalatus, Trichuris sp., Capillaria hepatica, Ascarops strongylina, Cooperia punctata, Cooperia spatulata, Oesophagostomum dentatum, Nematodirus molini, Trichostrongylus axei, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Spiculopteragia tayassui, Strongyloides ransomi, Macracanthorhyncus hirudinaceus, Metastrongylus salmi, Fascioloides magna, Moniezia benedeni, Stichorchis giganteus. Knowledge of helminth parasites Tayassu Tajacu is fundamental to the development of an adequate health management for the prevention and treatment of helminth infections , favoring its captive breeding.

Leptospirose e a infecção de ovinos – revisão de literatura / Leptospirosis and infection of sheep – review

A leptospirose é uma doença de ampla distribuição geográfica que afeta frequentemente a produtividade de pequenos ruminantes. Esta infecção é causada por bactérias pertencentes ao gênero Leptospira spp. e caracteriza-se por ser uma importante causa de problemas reprodutivos em animais de produção. Neste contexto, a espécie ovina pode ser acometida com frequência, visto que compõe a classe dos animais susceptíveis dentro de um sistema de criação. O estudo de aspectos referentes à esta infecção nos ovinos, tais como agente etiológico, epidemiologia, patogenia, sinais clínicos, métodos de diagnóstico e tratamento e profilaxia, torna-se essencial para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de controle da doença, minimizando as consequentes perdas econômicas.

Leptospirosis is a disease widely distributed that often affects the productivity of small ruminants. This infection is caused by bacteria belonging to the genus Leptospira spp. and characterized to be a major cause of reproductive failure in animal production. In this context, often sheep can be affected, seen that comprise the class of susceptible animals in a breeding system. The study of aspects related to this infection in sheep, such as etiological agent, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnostic methods and treatment and prophylaxis, is essential to develop strategies to control the disease, minimizing the consequent economic losses.