RESUMO
In this work, we experimentally analyzed and demonstrated the performance of an in-line Mach-Zehnder interferometer in the visible region, with an LED light source. The different waist diameter taper and asymmetric core-offset interferometers proposed used a single-mode fiber (SMF). The visibility achieved was V = 0.14 with an FSR of 23 nm for the taper MZI structure and visibilities of V = 0.3, V = 0.27, and V = 0.34 with FSRs of 23 nm, 17 nm, and 8 nm and separation lengths L of 2.5 cm, 4.0 cm, and 5.0 cm between the core-offset structure, respectively. The experimental investigation of the response to the temperature sensor yielded values from 50 °C to 300 °C; the sensitivity obtained was 3.53 a.u./°C, with R2 of 0.99769 and 1% every 1 °C in the transmission. For a range of 50 °C to 150 °C, 20.3 pm/°C with a R2 of 0.96604 was obtained.
RESUMO
LOX-1, ORL-1, or lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 is a transmembrane glycoprotein that binds and internalizes ox-LDL in foam cells. LOX-1 is the main receptor for oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDL). The LDL comes from food intake and circulates through the bloodstream. LOX-1 belongs to scavenger receptors (SR), which are associated with various cardiovascular diseases. The most important and severe of these is the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in the intimal layer of the endothelium. These plaques can evolve into complicated thrombi with the participation of fibroblasts, activated platelets, apoptotic muscle cells, and macrophages transformed into foam cells. This process causes changes in vascular endothelial homeostasis, leading to partial or total obstruction in the lumen of blood vessels. This obstruction can result in oxygen deprivation to the heart. Recently, LOX-1 has been involved in other pathologies, such as obesity and diabetes mellitus. However, the development of atherosclerosis has been the most relevant due to its relationship with cerebrovascular accidents and heart attacks. In this review, we will summarize findings related to the physiologic and pathophysiological processes of LOX-1 to support the detection, diagnosis, and prevention of those diseases.
Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares , Receptores Depuradores Classe E , Humanos , Receptores Depuradores Classe E/metabolismo , Receptores Depuradores Classe E/genética , Doenças Cardiovasculares/metabolismo , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Animais , Lipoproteínas LDL/metabolismo , Aterosclerose/metabolismo , Aterosclerose/patologiaRESUMO
Re. Re.: "Immunothrombotic dysregulation in Chagas disease (CD) and COVID-19: a comparative study of anticoagulation": In the commentary on our paper, Hasslocher-Moreno made the point that indeterminate and digestive forms are not related to thromboembolic events, only thrombogenic alterations occur in CD with cardiopathy, however there is indirect evidence related to thombotic alterations, such as cerebral thrombosis. Our assertion is based on previous data discussed in this letter.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Doença de Chagas , Humanos , Doença de Chagas/tratamento farmacológico , Anticoagulantes/farmacologia , Anticoagulantes/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Glycosylation is a post-translational modification that affects the stability, structure, antigenicity and charge of proteins. In the immune system, glycosylation is involved in the regulation of ligand-receptor interactions, such as in B-cell and T-cell activating receptors. Alterations in glycosylation have been described in several autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), in which alterations have been found mainly in the glycosylation of B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes and immunoglobulins. In immunoglobulin G of lupus patients, a decrease in galactosylation, sialylation, and nucleotide fucose, as well as an increase in the N-acetylglucosamine bisector, are observed. These changes in glycoisolation affect the interactions of immunoglobulins with Fc receptors and are associated with pericarditis, proteinuria, nephritis, and the presence of antinuclear antibodies. In T cells, alterations have been described in the glycosylation of receptors involved in activation, such as the T cell receptor; these changes affect the affinity with their ligands and modulate the binding to endogenous lectins such as galectins. In T cells from lupus patients, a decrease in galectin 1 binding is observed, which could favor activation and reduce apoptosis. Furthermore, these alterations in glycosylation correlate with disease activity and clinical manifestations, and thus have potential use as biomarkers. In this review, we summarize findings on glycosylation alterations in SLE and how they relate to immune system defects and their clinical manifestations.
Assuntos
Linfócitos B , Imunoglobulina G , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico , Linfócitos T , Humanos , Linfócitos B/metabolismo , Glicosilação , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/imunologia , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/metabolismo , Linfócitos T/metabolismoRESUMO
Ageing is associated with changes in body composition, such as low muscle mass (sarcopenia), decreased grip strength or physical function (dynapenia), and accumulation of fat mass. When the accumulation of fat mass synergistically accompanies low muscle mass or reduced grip strength, it results in sarcopenic obesity and dynapenic obesity, respectively. These types of obesity contribute to the increased risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality in the elderly, which could increase the damage caused by COVID-19. In this review, we associated factors that could generate a higher risk of COVID-19 complications in dynapenic obesity and sarcopenic obesity. For example, skeletal muscle regulates the expression of inflammatory cytokines and supports metabolic stress in pulmonary disease; hence, the presence of dynapenic obesity or sarcopenic obesity could be related to a poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Sarcopenia , Idoso , Composição Corporal , COVID-19/complicações , Força da Mão , Humanos , Força Muscular/fisiologia , Músculo Esquelético , Obesidade/complicações , Sarcopenia/etiologiaRESUMO
The genomic sequences of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) worldwide are publicly available and are derived from studies due to the increase in the number of cases. The importance of study of mutations is related to the possible virulence and diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. To identify circulating mutations present in SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequences in Mexico, Belize, and Guatemala to find out if the same strain spread to the south, and analyze the specificity of the primers used for diagnosis in these samples. Twenty three complete SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequences, available in the GISAID database from May 8 to September 11, 2020 were analyzed and aligned versus the genomic sequence reported in Wuhan, China (NC_045512.2), using Clustal Omega. Open reading frames were translated using the ExPASy Translate Tool and UCSF Chimera (v.1.12) for amino acid substitutions analysis. Finally, the sequences were aligned versus primers used in the diagnosis of COVID-19. One hundred and eighty seven distinct variants were identified, of which 102 are missense, 66 synonymous and 19 noncoding. P4715L and P5828L substitutions in replicase polyprotein were found, as well as D614G in spike protein and L84S in ORF8 in Mexico, Belize, and Guatemala. The primers design by CDC of United States showed a positive E value. The genomic sequences of SARS-CoV-2 in Mexico, Belize, and Guatemala present similar mutations related to a virulent strain of greater infectivity, which could mean a greater capacity for inclusion in the host genome and be related to an increased spread of the virus in these countries, furthermore, its diagnosis would be affected.
Assuntos
COVID-19/virologia , Genoma Viral , Mutação , SARS-CoV-2/genética , Belize , COVID-19/diagnóstico , Primers do DNA , Guatemala , Humanos , México , Fases de Leitura Aberta , Reação em Cadeia da PolimeraseRESUMO
Chagas and COVID-19 are diseases caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and SARS-CoV-2, respectively. These diseases present very different etiological agents despite showing similarities such as susceptibility/risk factors, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), recognition of glycosaminoglycans, inflammation, vascular leakage hypercoagulability, microthrombosis, and endotheliopathy; all of which suggest, in part, treatments with similar principles. Here, both diseases are compared, focusing mainly on the characteristics related to dysregulated immunothrombosis. Given the in-depth investigation of molecules and mechanisms related to microthrombosis in COVID-19, it is necessary to reconsider a prompt treatment of Chagas disease with oral anticoagulants.
Assuntos
Anticoagulantes/uso terapêutico , COVID-19/patologia , Doença de Chagas/patologia , Heparitina Sulfato/uso terapêutico , Trombose/tratamento farmacológico , Trombose/patologia , Plaquetas/imunologia , COVID-19/imunologia , Doença de Chagas/imunologia , Ativação do Complemento/imunologia , Endotélio/patologia , Humanos , Moléculas com Motivos Associados a Patógenos/imunologia , Ativação Plaquetária/imunologia , SARS-CoV-2/imunologia , Trypanosoma cruzi/imunologiaRESUMO
Chagas disease is a health problem that affects millions of persons, currently Nifurtimox (Nfx) and Benznidazole (Bz) are the unique drugs to treat it. However, these drugs produce adverse effects and high toxicity, which has motivated the search for new candidate drugs. Based on reports about the extensive biological activity of steroidal nitrate esters, in this study three nitrate esters steroids (1b, 2b and 4b) were synthetized and characterized from Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA, 1a), 19-hydroxy-DHEA (2a), and Androst-5-en-3ß,17ß-diol (4a), respectively. In addition, compounds 3a and 3b were obtained by introducing an α-ethynyl and a ß-hydroxyl groups at position 17 of 2b and further nitration of the hydroxyl group. The trypanocidal activity of these steroids was evaluated in vitro against the epimastigote stage of two T. cruzi strains, Ninoa and TH, and their cytotoxicity over J774.2 macrophage cell line was assayed. Compounds 3a, 3b, and 4a shown higher trypanocidal activity than Bz and Nfx against epimastigotes of Ninoa strain, whereas DHEA (1a) and its nitrate derivative 1b showed higher activity than the reference drugs against the TH strain epimastigote. None of the compounds showed activity in the ex vivo assays against the blood trypomastigote of both strains. Interestingly, the selectivity index of Androst-5-en-3ß,17ß-diol 4a was almost twice the value of Nfx and 50 times more than Bz, against Ninoa and TH strains, respectively. Therefore, compound 4a could represent a valuable starting point toward the optimization of steroid derivatives as trypanocidal agents.
Assuntos
Desidroepiandrosterona/farmacologia , Nitratos/farmacologia , Tripanossomicidas/farmacologia , Trypanosoma cruzi/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Desidroepiandrosterona/síntese química , Desidroepiandrosterona/química , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , México , Camundongos , Estrutura Molecular , Nitratos/síntese química , Nitratos/química , Testes de Sensibilidade Parasitária , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Tripanossomicidas/síntese química , Tripanossomicidas/químicaRESUMO
Obesity is a serious medical condition worldwide, which needs new approaches and recognized international consensus in treating diseases leading to morbidity. The aim of this review was to examine heterogeneous links among the various phenotypes of obesity in adults. Proteins and associated genes in each group were analysed to differentiate between biomarkers. A variety of terms for classification and characterization within this pathology are currently in use; however, there is no clear consensus in terminology. The most significant groups reviewed include metabolically healthy obese, metabolically abnormal obese, metabolically abnormal, normal weight and sarcopenic obese. These phenotypes do not define particular genotypes or epigenetic gene regulation, or proteins related to inflammation. There are many other genes linked to obesity, though the value of screening all of those for diagnosis has low predictive results, as there are no significant biomarkers. It is important to establish a consensus in the terminology used and the characteristics attributed to obesity subtypes. The identification of specific molecular biomarkers is also required for better diagnosis in subtypes of obesity.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores , Obesidade/diagnóstico , Obesidade/genética , Proteínas/genética , Adulto , Genótipo , Humanos , Obesidade/classificação , Obesidade/epidemiologia , FenótipoRESUMO
The presence of isoforms of ß-glucosidase has been reported in some grasses such as sorghum, rice and maize. This work aims to extract and characterize isoform II in ß-glucosidase from S. edule. A crude extract was prepared without buffer solution and adjusted to pH 4.6. Contaminating proteins were precipitated at 4 °C for 24 h. The supernatant was purified by chromatography on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) column, molecular exclusion on Sephacryl S-200HR, and exchange anionic on QFF column. Electrophoretic analyzes revealed a purified enzyme with aggregating molecular complex on SDS-PAGE, Native-PAGE, and AU-PAGE. Twelve peptides fragments were identified by nano liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (nano LC-ESI-MS/MS), which presented as 61% identical to Cucurbita moschata ß-glucosidase and 55.74% identical to ß-glucosidase from Cucumis sativus, another Cucurbitaceous member. The relative masses which contained 39% hydrophobic amino acids ranged from 982.49 to 2,781.26. The enzyme showed a specificity to ß-d-glucose with a Km of 4.59 mM, a Vmax value of 104.3 µMâmin-1 and a kcat of 10,087 µMâmin-1 using p-nitrophenyl-ß-D-glucopyranoside. The presence of molecular aggregates can be attributed to non-polar amino acids. This property is not mediated by a ß-glucosidase aggregating factor (BGAF) as in grasses (maize and sorghum). The role of these aggregates is discussed.
Assuntos
Cucurbitaceae/enzimologia , Agregados Proteicos , beta-Glucosidase/metabolismo , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Ânions , Cátions , Cromatografia por Troca Iônica , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Isoenzimas/química , Isoenzimas/isolamento & purificação , Isoenzimas/metabolismo , Cinética , Modelos Moleculares , Peso Molecular , Peptídeos/química , Especificidade por Substrato , beta-Glucosidase/química , beta-Glucosidase/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
The increasing use of dendrimers shows promise for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, Chagas disease and other conditions such as cancer. In this study, the activity of 1st and 2nd generation dendrimers over T. cruzi in the epimastigote stage was tested. Dendrimers were derived from α-ethynylestradiol (EE) modified with PAMAM-type dendrons through a triazole ring. The activity of each compound was evaluated in five doses (from 1.3 to 20⯵mol/mL) by flow cytometry, including benznidazole (Bz) as positive control. The findings show that an equivalent concentration of 14.8⯵mol/mL of 2nd generation (G) dendrimer is 8 times more effective than Bz at 24â¯h, and it maintains its superiority at 48â¯h with an IC50â¯=â¯1.25⯱â¯0.19⯵mol/mL. A TUNEL assay showed that dendrimers induce cell death in T. cruzi epimastigotes mostly via apoptosis, unlike Bz, which induces death via necrosis in more than 50% of cells.
Assuntos
Dendrímeros/farmacologia , Poliaminas/farmacologia , Esteroides/farmacologia , Trypanosoma cruzi/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Química Click , Dendrímeros/síntese química , Dendrímeros/química , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Humanos , Linfócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Estrutura Molecular , Testes de Sensibilidade Parasitária , Poliaminas/química , Esteroides/síntese química , Esteroides/química , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Trypanosoma cruzi/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
We hypothesise that molecules in the cyclooxygenase pathway affect platelet activity when seminal fluid (SF) is present. We considered the influence of SF on platelet aggregation in women, and believe that the prostanoids in SF signalling are significant. Thirty-one female subjects were studied, 20 of whom were sexually active. Male partners were given either aspirin or indomethacin to inhibit cyclooxygenase. The 6-keto prostaglandin F1α (6-keto PGF1α) and prostaglandin E metabolite (PGE-M) in SF were measured by competitive assay. Platelets and prostanoids were evaluated in women, periodically, before and after intercourse. The platelets were tested with adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and arachidonic acid (AA). To block the interaction between the uterus and SF, some couples used condoms. We found that the 6-keto prostaglandin F1α in urine at 2 hours post-intercourse (1418.75 pg/mL, Std 688.39) was greater than pre-intercourse (772.68 pg/mL, Std 116.54). Post-intercourse, a transient decrease in platelet aggregation was observed in women whose partners did not use condoms. Averages for platelet aggregation were 20.16% with ADP, and more significantly, 37.79% with AA after 2 hours. In contrast, couples using condoms showed no changes, averaging 64.02% with ADP and 72.06% with AA. Women whose partners were taking aspirin or indomethacin also showed no changes. SF from men taking aspirin or indomethacin led to no reduction in platelet aggregometry in their partners. These results indicate that in cases of exposure to SF, the transient change in women's platelet activity could be related to the cyclooxygenase pathway.
Assuntos
Coito , Agregação Plaquetária , Prostaglandina-Endoperóxido Sintases/metabolismo , 6-Cetoprostaglandina F1 alfa/urina , Adulto , Alprostadil/análogos & derivados , Alprostadil/urina , Aspirina/farmacologia , Preservativos , Feminino , Humanos , Indometacina/farmacologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Agregação Plaquetária/efeitos dos fármacos , Sêmen/efeitos dos fármacos , Sêmen/metabolismoRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the consumption of seed oils from Vitis vinifera and Arachis hypogaea in platelet aggregation. The initial hypothesis suggested that subjects who have consumed these seed oils undergo modified platelet aggregation. This study was performed using a pre-post test design, with a control group, and double blind. The effects of the consumption of grape seed and peanut oils were measured for platelet aggregation in clinical and laboratory tests in 30 healthy subjects. In addition to this group, a control group of 4 health subjects received no treatment with oils, just 500 mg oral administration acetylsalicylic acid for 7 days. Platelet aggregation was assessed by the Born turbidimetric method, using 3 different concentrations of adenosine diphosphate as agonists (2, 54; 1, 17; and 0, 58 µM). The study subjects had very similar results; both oils were shown to have a significant reduction in platelet aggregation. Grape seed oil showed a decrease of 8.4 ± 1% in aggregation, compared with peanut oil, which decreased aggregation by 10.4 ± 1%. The control group, taking 500 mg OD aspirin for 7 days, showed a significant decrease in platelet aggregation, similar to that of oil ingestion. Each of the oils was analyzed for fatty acids, to determine which particular acids were presents in greater levels, which could explain the reduction in platelet aggregation. The oil found to be most abundant in grape seeds was linoleic acid (omega-6), and in peanuts, it was oleic acid (omega-9). However, in fact, both acids reduced platelet aggregation. Consumption of plant oils from grape seeds and peanuts had a lowering effect on platelet aggregation, in addition to containing a high content of unsaturated fatty acids. However, omega-3, omega-6, and omega-9 fatty acids were not specifically responsible for the reductions mentioned above.
Assuntos
Ácidos Linoleicos/farmacologia , Ácido Oleico/farmacologia , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/farmacologia , Agregação Plaquetária/efeitos dos fármacos , Adolescente , Adulto , Arachis/química , Aspirina/farmacologia , Método Duplo-Cego , Ácidos Graxos/isolamento & purificação , Ácidos Graxos/farmacologia , Feminino , Humanos , Ácidos Linoleicos/isolamento & purificação , Masculino , Nefelometria e Turbidimetria , Ácido Oleico/isolamento & purificação , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/isolamento & purificação , Sementes , Vitis/química , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Obesity during childhood is a risk factor for developing cardiovascular diseases during adulthood. AIM: To measure insulin and glucose levels and parameters of insulin resistance in obese, overweight and normal weight Mexican children. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Comparative study of 21 obese children with a body mass index (BMI) over percentile 95, aged 10 ± 1 years (10 males), 14 children aged 10 ± 2 (7 males) with a BMI between percentiles 85 and 94 and 16 children aged 9 ± 2 years (3 males) with a body mass index between percentiles 10 and 84. Body weight, blood pressure and waist circumference were measured and a blood sample was obtained to measure fasting glucose and insulin levels. Homeostasis model of insulin resistance (HOMA) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) were calculated. RESULTS: Among obese, overweight and normal weight children, insulin levels were 14.9 (95% CI 10.90-18.99), 7.20 (CI 5.12-9.28) and 4.73 (CI 95% 1.92-7.53) uU/ml, respectively. The figures for HOMA were 3.16 (95% CI 2.20-4.12), 1.49 (95% CI 1.03-1.94) and 0.97 (95% CI 0.35-1.60), respectively. The figures for QUICKI were 0.331 (95% CI 0.319-0.343), 0.371 (95% CI 0.349-0.393) and 0.419 (95% CI 0.391-0.446), respectively. Compared to their normal weight counterparts, the risk of obese children and those with a waist circumference over percentile 90 of having a HOMA over 3.16 was 17 and 10 times higher, respectively. BMI correlated better than waist circumference with insulin levels. CONCLUSIONS: Obese children have higher levels of insulin resistance than their normal weight counterparts.
Assuntos
Hiperinsulinismo/sangue , Resistência à Insulina , Insulina/sangue , Obesidade/sangue , Biomarcadores/sangue , Índice de Massa Corporal , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Hiperinsulinismo/diagnóstico , Hiperinsulinismo/etiologia , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Obesidade/complicações , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Circunferência da CinturaRESUMO
ß-Glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) is a prominent member of the GH1 family of glycoside hydrolases. The properties of this ß-glucosidase appear to include resistance to temperature, urea, and iodoacetamide, and it is activated by 2-ME, similar to other members. ß-Glucosidase from chayote (Sechium edule) was purified by ionic-interchange chromatography and molecular exclusion chromatography. Peptides detected by LC-ESI-MS/MS were compared with other ß-glucosidases using the BLAST program. This enzyme is a 116 kDa protein composed of two sub-units of 58 kDa and shows homology with Cucumis sativus ß-glucosidase (NCBI reference sequence XP_004154617.1), in which seven peptides were found with relative masses ranging from 874.3643 to 1587.8297. The stability of ß-glucosidase depends on an initial concentration of 0.2 mg/mL of protein at pH 5.0 which decreases by 33% in a period of 30 h, and then stabilizes and is active for the next 5 days (pH 4.0 gives similar results). One hundred µg/mL ß-D-glucose inhibited ß-glucosidase activity by more than 50%. The enzyme had a Km of 4.88 mM with p-NPG and a Kcat of 10,000 min(-1). The optimal conditions for the enzyme require a pH of 4.0 and a temperature of 50 °C.
Assuntos
Cucurbitaceae/enzimologia , beta-Glucosidase/isolamento & purificação , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Precipitação Química , Cromatografia por Troca Iônica , Estabilidade Enzimática , Glucose/química , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Cinética , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Proteínas de Plantas , Homologia de Sequência de Aminoácidos , Especificidade por Substrato , beta-Glucosidase/químicaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: To determine if edentulism, controlling for other known factors, is associated with subjective self-report health status (SRH) in Mexican adults. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We examined the SRH of 13 966 individuals 35 years and older, using data from the National Survey of Performance Assessment, a cross-sectional study that is part of the technical collaboration between the Ministry of Health of Mexico and the World Health Organization, which used the survey instrument and sampling strategies developed by WHO for the World Health Survey. Sociodemographic, socioeconomic, medical, and behavioral variables were collected using questionnaires. Self-reported health was our dependent variable. Data on edentulism were available from 20 of the 32 Mexican states. A polynomial logistic regression model adjusted for complex sampling was generated. RESULTS: In the SRH, 58.2% reported their health status as very good/good, 33.8% said they had a moderate health status, and 8.0% reported that their health was bad/very bad. The association between edentulism and SRH was modified by age and was significant only for bad/very bad SRH. Higher odds of reporting moderate health or poor/very poor health were found in women, people with lower socio-economic status and with physical disabilities, those who were not physically active, or those who were underweight or obese, those who had any chronic disease, and those who used alcohol. CONCLUSIONS: The association of edentulism with a self-report of a poor health status (poor/very poor) was higher in young people than in adults. The results suggest socioeconomic inequalities in SRH. Inequality was further confirmed among people who had a general health condition or a disability. Dentists and health care professionals need to recognize the effect of edentulism on quality of life among elders people.
Assuntos
Nível de Saúde , Boca Edêntula/epidemiologia , Autorrelato , Adulto , Demografia , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Análise Multivariada , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Living with dogs leads one to consider the necessity of identifying canine infections found in the people with whom the dogs live. OBJECTIVE: Dogs which were clinically and serologically positive with the infections Ehirlichia canis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Borrelia burgdorferi, and Dirofilaria Immitis were sought. People with the same infections were also identified. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From a population of 80 dogs identified in the villages of San Bartolo Coyotepec and San Agustín Etla (suburbs peripheral to the city of Oaxaca, Mexico), 27 dogs were selected for study, all of which had adenomegaly, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and fevers of at least 43° C. Using enzyme immunoassay in this population of dogs and their closest human contacts, antibodies for Ehirlichia canis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Borrelia burgdorferi, and the antigen for Dirofilaria immitis were sought. Positive results in humans were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: Ten dogs with the clinical signs mentioned above tested positive for antibodies to Ehrlichia canis; two cases tested positive for Anaplasma phagocytophilum; one case tested positive for Dirofilaria Immitis. From human contact, one person tested positive for Ehirlichia canis; this case was confirmed by DNA amplification by means of PCR. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to identify the population of sick dogs in order to reduce related infections in people.
Assuntos
Reservatórios de Doenças/veterinária , Ehrlichiose/diagnóstico , Doenças Profissionais/diagnóstico , Adulto , Anaplasma phagocytophilum/imunologia , Animais , Borrelia burgdorferi/imunologia , Dirofilaria immitis/imunologia , Reservatórios de Doenças/microbiologia , Reservatórios de Doenças/parasitologia , Cães , Ehrlichia canis/imunologia , Feminino , Humanos , Picadas de Carrapatos/complicações , ZoonosesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Dysbiosis during childhood impacts the configuration and maturation of the microbiota. The immaturity of the infant microbiota is linked with the development of inflammatory, allergic, and dysmetabolic diseases. AIMS: To identify taxonomic changes associated with age and GDM and classify the maturity of the intestinal microbiota of children of mothers with GDM and children without GDM (n-GDM). METHODS: Next-generation sequencing was used to analyze the V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA gene. QIIME2 and Picrust2 were used to determine the difference in the relative abundance of bacterial genera between the study groups and to predict the functional profile of the intestinal microbiota. RESULTS: According to age, the older GDM groups showed a lower alpha diversity and different abundance of Enterobacteriaceae, Veillonella, Clostridiales, and Bacteroides. Regarding the functional profile, PWY-7377 and K05895 associated with Vitamin B12 metabolism were reduced in GDM groups. Compared to n-GDM group, GDM offspring had microbiota immaturity as age-discriminatory taxa in random forest failed to classify GDM offspring according to developmental age (OOB error 81%). Conclusion. Offspring from mothers with GDM have a distinctive taxonomic profile related to taxa associated with gut microbiota immaturity.
Assuntos
Bacteroides , Diabetes Gestacional , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , RNA Ribossômico 16S , Veillonella , Humanos , Diabetes Gestacional/microbiologia , Feminino , Gravidez , Bacteroides/genética , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Veillonella/genética , Lactente , Adulto , Masculino , Disbiose/microbiologia , Fezes/microbiologia , Pré-Escolar , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga EscalaRESUMO
ChatGPT is an artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot application. In this study, we explore the creation and use of a customized version of ChatGPT designed specifically for patient education, called "Lab Explainer." Lab Explainer aims to simplify and clarify the results of complex laboratory tests for patients, using the sophisticated capabilities of AI in natural language processing; it analyses various laboratory test data and provides clear explanations and contextual information. The approach involved adapting OpenAI's ChatGPT model specifically to analyze laboratory test data. The results suggest that Lab Explainer has the potential to improve understanding by providing an interpretation of laboratory tests to the patient. In conclusion, the Lab Explainer can assist patient education by providing intelligible interpretations of laboratory tests.