Experimental type 2 diabetes induction reduces serum vaspin, but not serum omentin, in Wistar rats.

Vaspin and omentin are adipose tissue adipokines that have often been related to obesity and its comorbidities. The aim of this study was to investigate the behaviour of serum omentin and vaspin in models of type 2 diabetes. To do this, Wistar rats (~200 g) were randomly divided into two groups: a non-diabetic group (n = 6) and a diabetic group fed on a high-fat diet (n = 6) and a low dose of streptozotocin (Sigma® ). All procedures were approved by the Brazilian Ethics Committee. Body weight (BW) and food intake were recorded daily. Tail blood glucose levels were assessed at the end of the diabetes induction period. The insulin tolerance test (ITT) was performed after the diabetes induction period (7 weeks). The serum and tissues (liver, pancreas, and retroperitoneal (RET), epididymal (EPI) and visceral (VIS) white adipose tissues) were immediately removed and weighed. Analyses of levels of insulin, omentin, vaspin, adiponectin and inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8 (CXCL8), TNF-α and C-reactive protein (CRP) in serum were performed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Our results showed that IL-8 and CRP serum levels in the diabetic group were significantly higher than in the non-diabetic group. Vaspin and adiponectin values were lower for the diabetic group than for the non-diabetic group. Omentin, IL-6 and TNF-α values did not differ between the groups. Our results showed that both the metabolism of the adipose tissue and the secretion of adipokines may be affected in diabetic rats. Omentin showed no difference between the groups, although the vaspin values decreased in the diabetic group.

Low-level laser therapy enhances the expression of osteogenic factors during bone repair in rats.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on bone formation, immunoexpression of osteogenic factors, and biomechanical properties in a tibial bone defect model in rats. Sixty male Wistar rats were distributed into bone defect control group (CG) and laser irradiated group (LG). Animals were euthanized on days 15, 30, and 45 post-injury. The histological and morphometric analysis showed that the treated animals presented no inflammatory infiltrate and a better tissue organization at 15 and 30 days postsurgery. Also, a higher amount of newly formed bone was observed at 15 days postsurgery. No statistically significant difference was observed in cyclooxygenase-2 immunoexpression among the groups at 15, 30, and 45 days in the immunohistochemical analysis. Considering RUNX-2, the immunoexpression was statistically higher in the LG compared to the CG at 45 days. BMP-9 immunoexpression was significantly higher in the LG in comparison to CG at day 30. However, there was no expressivity for this immunomarker, both in the CG and LG, at the day 45 postsurgery. No statistically significant difference was observed in the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand immunoexpression among the groups in all periods evaluated. No statistically significant difference among the groups was observed in the maximal load in any period of time. Our findings indicate that laser therapy improved bone healing by accelerating the development of newly formed bone and activating the osteogenic factors on tibial defects, but the biomechanical properties in LG were not improved.

Scaffolds of bioactive glass-ceramic (Biosilicate®) and bone healing: A biological evaluation in an experimental model of tibial bone defect in rats.

This study aimed to investigate the in vivo tissue response of the Biosilicate® scaffolds in a model of tibial bone defect. Sixty male Wistar rats were distributed into bone defect control group (CG) and Biosilicate® scaffold group (BG).  Animals were euthanized 15, 30 and 45 days post-surgery. Stereomicroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, histopathological, immunohistochemistry and biomechanical analysis were used. Scaffolds had a total porosity of 44%, macroporosity of 15% with pore diameter of 230 µm. Higher amount of newly formed bone was observed on days 30 and 45 in BG. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that the COX-2 expression was significantly higher on days 15 and 30 in BG compared with the CG. RUNX-2 immunoexpression was significantly higher in BG on days 15 and 45. No statistically significant difference was observed in RANKL immunoexpression in all experimental groups. BMP-9 immunoexpression was significantly upregulated in the BG on day 45. Biomechanical analysis showed a decrease in the biomechanical properties of the bone callus on days 30 and 45. The implantation of the Biosilicate® scaffolds was effective in stimulating newly bone formation and produced an increased immunoexpression of markers related to the bone repair.

Effects of biosilicate(®) scaffolds and low-level laser therapy on the process of bone healing.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the in vivo tissue performance of the association of Biosilicate(®) scaffolds and low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in a tibial bone defects model in rats. BACKGROUND DATA: Many studies have been demonstrating the osteogenic potential of Biosilicate and LLLT. However, there is a need to investigate the effects of both treatments for bone consolidation. METHODS: The animals were divided into control group (CG), Biosilicate scaffold group (BG), and Biosilicate scaffolds plus LLLT group (BLG). Animals were euthanized after 15, 30, and 45 days post-injury. RESULTS: The histological analysis revealed that all the experimental groups showed inflammatory infiltrate and granulation tissue, at the area of the defect at day 15. After 30 days, CG still showed granulation tissue and bone ingrowth. Both Biosilicate groups presented newly formed bone and interconected trabeculae. At 45 days, CG showed immature newly formed bone. A more mature newly formed bone was observed in BG and BLG. On day 15, BG demonstrated a statistically higher expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 compared with CG and BLG. No statistically significant difference was observed in COX-2 immunoexpression among the groups at 30 and 45 days. Similar expression of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-9 was demonstrated for all experimental groups at 15 and 30 days. At 45 days, the BMP-9 immunoexpression was statistically upregulated in the BLG compared with the CG and BG. No statistically significant difference was observed in the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) immunoexpression among the groups in all periods evaluated. Biosilicate groups presented a decrease in biomechanical properties compared with CG at 30 and 45 days post-surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that Biosilicate presented osteogenic activity, accelerating bone repair. However, laser therapy was not able to enhance the bioactive properties of the Biosilicate.

Avaliação isocinética da performance funcional dos músculos quadríceps femoral e isquiotibiais de jogadores profissionais de futebol / Isocinetic evaluation of the functional performance of quadriceps and ischiotibial muscles in professional soccer players

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o pico de torque concêntrico e excêntrico e a relação isquioitibiais/quadríceps, em jogadores profissionais de futebol, ao final do campeonato paulista da 2ª divisão. Oito jogadores foram avaliados em um aparelho isocinético Biodex System II. Entre os jogadores avaliados não encontramos diferenças significativas entre os membros dominantes e não dominantes, prevalecendo um maior valor de pico de torque para o músculo quadríceps femoral do que os ísquios-tibiais de acordo com nossa expectativa.

The aim of this study was to analyze eccentric and concentric peak torque and the relation between ischiotibial/quadriceps, in professional soccer players, at the end of the second division of Paulista championship. Eight players were evaluated using a Biodex System II isokinetic. We did not find significant difference between the dominant and the non-dominant limbs, a higher torque peak of the femoral quadriceps muscle prevailed on ischiotitibial according to our expectative.