Diagnosis of fasciolosis antibodies in Brazilian cattle through ELISA employing both native and recombinant antigens.

Bovine fasciolosis is a parasitic disease with a global reach. Coprological based on egg detection in fecal samples and liver inspection to evaluate the presence of the parasite is currently the gold standard for diagnosing chronic fasciolosis in cattle. However, these techniques are labor-intensive and ineffective during the acute phase of the disease. Serodiagnosis using native and recombinant antigens has become an interesting alternative in efforts to identify cattle fasciolosis. We evaluated cattle from abattoir (n = 139) and farms (n = 500) through liver inspection and coprological examination, respectively. Our laboratory team optimized and validated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests based on somatic antigen, excretory/secretory proteins, and the recombinant antigen cathepsin L-1 to detect serum antibodies against fasciolosis in cattle. For animals from abattoir, 10 were positive for fasciolosis according to liver inspection. Both FhES and FhrCL-1 presented an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve of 0.80, with a sensitivity of 0.80 (95% CI: 0.46-0.95) and 0.70 (95% CI: 0.38-0.90) and specificity of 0.81 (95% CI: 0.73-0.87) and 0.87 (95% CI: 0.80-0.92), respectively. For those cattle from farms, 28 were positive only for fasciolosis according to coprological examination. In this scenario, FhES gave the best performance, with an AUROC of 0.84, sensitivity of 0.79 (95% CI: 0.60-0.90), and specificity of 0.86 (95% CI: 0.82-0.89). In conclusion, our study highlights the potential of serodiagnosis for accurately screening cattle fasciolosis. The promising sensitivity and specificity values of FhES when compared to liver inspection or coprological examination enhance its importance for cattle fasciolosis diagnosis. IMPORTANCE: The aim of this article was to identify antibodies against fasciolosis in cattle in Brazil. The methodology was reproduced in our laboratory and applied for the first time to the Brazilian cattle herd. The antigens tested can be used as a screening test and thus speed up the diagnosis of bovine fascioliasis.

Serological diagnosis of fasciolosis (Fasciola hepatica) in humans, cattle, and sheep: a meta-analysis.

Fasciola hepatica can cause problems in both animals and humans. Fasciolosis can be diagnosed through the indirect ELISA immunodiagnostic test. Serological diagnosis of Fasciola is based on recombinant antigens secreted by this worm. We used PubMed and Google Scholar databases to review the published literature on 'antigens with immunogenic potential' used in serological tests to identify antibodies against F. hepatica in humans, cattle, and sheep. Studies that investigated diagnostic tests with common reference standards were included in the sensitivity and/or specificity bivariate meta-analysis. In the quality and susceptibility to bias analysis of the 33 included studies, 26 fulfilled at least six (75%) of the eight QUADAS criteria and were considered good-quality papers. We found that most of the studies used native excretory-secretory antigens and recombinant cathepsin in ELISA tests for serological diagnosis of fascioliasis in humans, cattle, and sheep. The meta-analysis revealed that all antigens demonstrated good accuracy. The best results in terms of sensitivity [0.931-2.5% confidence interval (CI) and 0.985-97.5% CI] and specificity (0.959-2.5% CI and 0.997-97.5% CI) were found in human FhES. FhrCL-1, FhES, and FhrSAP-2 antigens gave the best results for the serum diagnosis of human and animal fasciolosis.

Cryptosporidium spp. in Aratinga jandaia, Diopsittaca nobilis and Pionus menstruus in Brazil

Background: Cryptosporidium is an important protozoan in public health and veterinary medicine that often causes diarrhea in an array of hosts in developed/developing countries. Infection of the gastrointestinal system is the most common, but the respiratory system and other sites can also be affected, especially in birds and immunocompromised individuals. Transmission occurs through ingestion or inhalation of oocysts. The number of wild animals, including those in the class of birds, infected with this parasite has grown in recent years. This study aimed to report parasitism by Cryptosporidium spp. in captive-raised birds of family Psittacidae at the Rio City Zoo in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.Materials, Methods & Results: Thirty-three pools of fecal samples of the species Amazona aestiva, Amazona amazonica, Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus, Ara auricollis, Ara canga, Ara glaucogularis, Ara macao, Ara manilapa, Ara maracana, Ara rubrogenys, Aratinga erythrogenys, Aratinga cactorum, Aratinga auerea, Aratinga mitrata, Aratinga auricapilla, Aratinga jandaia, Aratinga wagleri, Aratinga leucophthalmus, Brotogeris acuticaudata, Cynoliseus patagonus, Caracopsis vasa, Diopsittaca nobilis, Graydidascalus brachyurus, Muopsitta monachus, Nangayus nenday, Pionites melancephala, Pionites leucogaster, Pionus menstruus, Pionus chalcopteus, Pionus maxiliani, Pyrrhura perlata, Pyrrhura leucotis, and Triclharia malachitacea, kept in separate enclosures, were analyzed using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for detection of parasitic antigens. Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) was conducted in order to identify the species Cryptosporidium in the positive samples targeting the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (SSU rRNA), followed by sequencing and analysis of the DNA amplicons.[...]

Cryptosporidium spp. in Aratinga jandaia, Diopsittaca nobilis and Pionus menstruus in Brazil

Background: Cryptosporidium is an important protozoan in public health and veterinary medicine that often causes diarrhea in an array of hosts in developed/developing countries. Infection of the gastrointestinal system is the most common, but the respiratory system and other sites can also be affected, especially in birds and immunocompromised individuals. Transmission occurs through ingestion or inhalation of oocysts. The number of wild animals, including those in the class of birds, infected with this parasite has grown in recent years. This study aimed to report parasitism by Cryptosporidium spp. in captive-raised birds of family Psittacidae at the Rio City Zoo in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.Materials, Methods & Results: Thirty-three pools of fecal samples of the species Amazona aestiva, Amazona amazonica, Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus, Ara auricollis, Ara canga, Ara glaucogularis, Ara macao, Ara manilapa, Ara maracana, Ara rubrogenys, Aratinga erythrogenys, Aratinga cactorum, Aratinga auerea, Aratinga mitrata, Aratinga auricapilla, Aratinga jandaia, Aratinga wagleri, Aratinga leucophthalmus, Brotogeris acuticaudata, Cynoliseus patagonus, Caracopsis vasa, Diopsittaca nobilis, Graydidascalus brachyurus, Muopsitta monachus, Nangayus nenday, Pionites melancephala, Pionites leucogaster, Pionus menstruus, Pionus chalcopteus, Pionus maxiliani, Pyrrhura perlata, Pyrrhura leucotis, and Triclharia malachitacea, kept in separate enclosures, were analyzed using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for detection of parasitic antigens. Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) was conducted in order to identify the species Cryptosporidium in the positive samples targeting the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (SSU rRNA), followed by sequencing and analysis of the DNA amplicons.[...](AU)

Ocorrência de Cryptosporidium spp. na fauna silvestre e doméstica residente no campus Fiocruz da Mata Atlântica, município do Rio de Janeiro / Occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. in the wild and domestic fauna residing in the Fiocruz campus of the Mata Atlântica, municipality of Rio de Janeiro

A criptosporidiose é causada por espécies de protozoários do gênero Cryptosporidium, apresentando distribuição mundial, ocorrendo nos seres humanos e em várias espécies de animais domésticos e silvestres, possuindo importância em saúde pública e veterinária. O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a ocorrência de Cryptosporidium spp. nos animais capturados no Campus Fiocruz da Mata Atlântica, situado em região de transição entre área de mata nativa e antropizada, com marcante interação entre seres humanos e animais domésticos e silvestres. Foram coletadas 55 amostras de fezes de animais, sendo 46 de cães domésticos (Canis lupus familiaris), cinco de gambás-de-orelha-preta (Didelphis aurita) e quatro pools de fezes de galinhas de capoeira (Gallus gallus domesticus). As amostras de cães domésticos e os pools de fezes de galinhas de capoeira foram analisadas por meio das técnicas ELISA e qPCR. Na técnica ELISA, a positividade foi de 6,52% (3/46) entre as amostras caninas e nenhum pool de fezes das galinhas de capoeira foi positiva. Na qPCR, 10,86%(5/46) das amostras caninas e 75%(3/4) dos polls de fezes de galinhas de capoeira apresentaram positividade. Enquanto que nas amostras de gambás analisadas pela qPCR apresentaram 80% (4/5) de positividade. Os resultados apresentados no presente estudo, demostraram a presença de Cryptosporidium spp. em fezes de animais domésticos e silvestres de área antropizada de Mata Atlântica e indica uma maior capacidade de detecção para pesquisa de Cryptosporidium spp. pela técnica qPCR, quando comparada a técnica ELISA.

Ocorrência de Cryptosporidium spp. na fauna silvestre e doméstica residente no campus Fiocruz da Mata Atlântica, município do Rio de Janeiro / Occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. in the wild and domestic fauna residing in the Fiocruz campus of the Mata Atlântica, municipality of Rio de Janeiro

A criptosporidiose é causada por espécies de protozoários do gênero Cryptosporidium, apresentando distribuição mundial, ocorrendo nos seres humanos e em várias espécies de animais domésticos e silvestres, possuindo importância em saúde pública e veterinária. O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a ocorrência de Cryptosporidium spp. nos animais capturados no Campus Fiocruz da Mata Atlântica, situado em região de transição entre área de mata nativa e antropizada, com marcante interação entre seres humanos e animais domésticos e silvestres. Foram coletadas 55 amostras de fezes de animais, sendo 46 de cães domésticos (Canis lupus familiaris), cinco de gambás-de-orelha-preta (Didelphis aurita) e quatro pools de fezes de galinhas de capoeira (Gallus gallus domesticus). As amostras de cães domésticos e os pools de fezes de galinhas de capoeira foram analisadas por meio das técnicas ELISA e qPCR. Na técnica ELISA, a positividade foi de 6,52 por cento (3/46) entre as amostras caninas e nenhum pool de fezes das galinhas de capoeira foi positiva. Na qPCR, 10,86 por cento (5/46) das amostras caninas e 75 por cento (3/4) dos polls de fezes de galinhas de capoeira apresentaram positividade. Enquanto que nas amostras de gambás analisadas pela qPCR apresentaram 80 por cento (4/5) de positividade. Os resultados apresentados no presente estudo, demostraram a presença de Cryptosporidium spp. em fezes de animais domésticos e silvestres de área antropizada de Mata Atlântica e indica uma maior capacidade de detecção para pesquisa de Cryptosporidium spp. pela técnica qPCR, quando comparada a técnica ELISA.

Cryptosporidiosis is caused by species of Cryptosporidium protozoa of the genus, with worldwide distribution, occurring in humans and several species of domestic and wild animals having importance for public and animal health. The study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. of animals trapped in Campus Fiocruz Atlantic Forest, located in the transition region between area native and disturbed forest, with remarkable interaction between humans and domestic and wild animals. Fifty-five samples of animal feces were collected, forty six of domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris), five possum-eared black (Didelphis aurita) and four pools of feces from poultry chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus). Samples of domestic dogs and pools of farmyard chickens feces were analyzed by means of ELISA and qPCR techniques. In ELISA, the positivity was 6.52 percent (3/46) of the canine samples and no pool of feces of poultry chickens was positive. In qPCR, 10.86 percent (5/46) of the canine samples and 75 percent (3/4) of polls of farmyard chickens feces were positive. While in opossums samples analyzed by qPCR showed 80 percent (4/5) of positivity. The results presented in this study demonstrated the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. in domestic and wild animal feces of disturbed areas of the Atlantic Forest and indicates a greater detection capability for Cryptosporidium spp. research by qPCR technique compared to ELISA. (AU)

Ocorrência de Cryptosporidium spp. na fauna silvestre e doméstica residente no campus Fiocruz da Mata Atlântica, município do Rio de Janeiro / Occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. in the wild and domestic fauna residing in the Fiocruz campus of the Mata Atlântica, municipality of Rio de Janeiro

A criptosporidiose é causada por espécies de protozoários do gênero Cryptosporidium, apresentando distribuição mundial, ocorrendo nos seres humanos e em várias espécies de animais domésticos e silvestres, possuindo importância em saúde pública e veterinária. O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a ocorrência de Cryptosporidium spp. nos animais capturados no Campus Fiocruz da Mata Atlântica, situado em região de transição entre área de mata nativa e antropizada, com marcante interação entre seres humanos e animais domésticos e silvestres. Foram coletadas 55 amostras de fezes de animais, sendo 46 de cães domésticos (Canis lupus familiaris), cinco de gambás-de-orelha-preta (Didelphis aurita) e quatro pools de fezes de galinhas de capoeira (Gallus gallus domesticus). As amostras de cães domésticos e os pools de fezes de galinhas de capoeira foram analisadas por meio das técnicas ELISA e qPCR. Na técnica ELISA, a positividade foi de 6,52 por cento (3/46) entre as amostras caninas e nenhum pool de fezes das galinhas de capoeira foi positiva. Na qPCR, 10,86 por cento (5/46) das amostras caninas e 75 por cento (3/4) dos polls de fezes de galinhas de capoeira apresentaram positividade. Enquanto que nas amostras de gambás analisadas pela qPCR apresentaram 80 por cento (4/5) de positividade. Os resultados apresentados no presente estudo, demostraram a presença de Cryptosporidium spp. em fezes de animais domésticos e silvestres de área antropizada de Mata Atlântica e indica uma maior capacidade de detecção para pesquisa de Cryptosporidium spp. pela técnica qPCR, quando comparada a técnica ELISA.

Cryptosporidiosis is caused by species of Cryptosporidium protozoa of the genus, with worldwide distribution, occurring in humans and several species of domestic and wild animals having importance for public and animal health. The study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. of animals trapped in Campus Fiocruz Atlantic Forest, located in the transition region between area native and disturbed forest, with remarkable interaction between humans and domestic and wild animals. Fifty-five samples of animal feces were collected, forty six of domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris), five possum-eared black (Didelphis aurita) and four pools of feces from poultry chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus). Samples of domestic dogs and pools of farmyard chickens feces were analyzed by means of ELISA and qPCR techniques. In ELISA, the positivity was 6.52 percent (3/46) of the canine samples and no pool of feces of poultry chickens was positive. In qPCR, 10.86 percent (5/46) of the canine samples and 75 percent (3/4) of polls of farmyard chickens feces were positive. While in opossums samples analyzed by qPCR showed 80 percent (4/5) of positivity. The results presented in this study demonstrated the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. in domestic and wild animal feces of disturbed areas of the Atlantic Forest and indicates a greater detection capability for Cryptosporidium spp. research by qPCR technique compared to ELISA. (AU)