RESUMO
A series of thiophene PLK1 inhibitors was optimized for increased solubility and reduced protein binding through the appendage of basic amine functionality. Interesting selectivity between PLK1 and PLK3 was also obtained through these modifications.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/antagonistas & inibidores , Química Farmacêutica/métodos , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/síntese química , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/antagonistas & inibidores , Tiofenos/química , Ciclo Celular , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/química , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Desenho de Fármacos , Humanos , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Mitose , Modelos Químicos , Conformação Molecular , Ligação Proteica , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/química , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/química , Solubilidade , Proteínas Supressoras de Tumor , Quinase 1 Polo-LikeRESUMO
The discovery of the sulfonamide herbicides, which inhibit the enzyme acetolactate synthase (ALS), has resulted in many investigations to exploit their herbicidal activity. One area which proved particularly productive was the N-aryltriazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine sulfonamides, providing three commercial herbicides, cloransulam-methyl, diclosulam and florasulam. Additional structure-activity investigations by reversing the sulfonamide linkage resulted in the discovery of triazolopyrimidine sulfonamides with cereal crop selectivity and high levels of grass and broadleaf weed control. Research efforts to exploit these high levels of weed activity ultimately led to the discovery of penoxsulam, a new herbicide developed for grass, sedge and broadleaf weed control in rice. Synthetic efforts and structure-activity relationships leading to the discovery of penoxsulam will be discussed.
Assuntos
Herbicidas/química , Pirimidinas/química , Sulfonamidas/química , Uridina/análogos & derivados , Acetolactato Sintase/antagonistas & inibidores , Acetolactato Sintase/metabolismo , Produtos Agrícolas , Descoberta de Drogas , Herbicidas/síntese química , Herbicidas/farmacologia , Pirimidinas/síntese química , Pirimidinas/farmacologia , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Sulfonamidas/síntese química , Sulfonamidas/farmacologia , Uridina/síntese química , Uridina/química , Uridina/farmacologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: γ-Amino butyric acid (GABA) antagonists are proven targets for control of lepidopteran and other pests. New heterocyclic compounds with high insecticidal activity were discovered using a competitive-intelligence-inspired scaffold-hopping approach to generate analogs of fipronil, a known GABA antagonist. These novel aryl heterocyclic amines (AHAs) displayed broad-spectrum activity on a number of chewing insect pests. RESULTS: Through >370 modifications of the core AHA structure, a 7-pyrazolopyridine lead molecule was found to exhibit much improved activity on a number of insect pests. In field trial studies, its performance was 2-4 times lower than commercial standards and also appeared to be species dependent, with good activity seen for larvae of Spodoptera exigua, but inactivity on larvae of Trichoplusia ni. CONCLUSION: An extensive investigational biology effort demonstrated that these AHA analogs appear to have multiple modes of action, including GABA receptor antagonism and mitopotential or uncoupler activity. The limited capability in larvae of T. ni to convert the lead molecule to its associated open form correlates with the low toxicity of the lead molecule in this species. This work has provided information that could aid investigations of novel GABA antagonists. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.